View source for SS Irish Oak (1919)

← SS Irish Oak (1919)

You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 206.189.32.0/20 has been blocked by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: {{unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~}}. You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 07:33, 6 August 2027. Your current IP address is 206.189.44.186.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 206.189.0.0/16 has been blocked by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: {{unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~}}. You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 07:37, 6 August 2027. Your current IP address is 206.189.44.186.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
This IP address range has been globally blocked.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis.
The IP address or range 206.189.32.0/20 has been globally blocked by ‪EPIC‬ for the following reason(s):

Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected

This block will expire on 08:48, 2 July 2025. Your current IP address is 206.189.44.186.

Even while globally blocked, you will usually still be able to edit pages on Meta-Wiki.

If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the Stewards Block Wizard.

Other useful links: Global blocks · Help:I have been blocked

You can view and copy the source of this page:

{{Short description|Irish-operated steamship, sunk during World War II}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image   = [[File:SS Irish Oak.jpg|300px|''Irish Oak''. Oil by Kennneth King from the National Maritime Museum of Ireland]]
| Ship caption = Oil painting by [[Kenneth King (artist)|Kenneth King]] depicting the moments after the ''Irish Oak'' was torpedoed after first lifeboat had just been lowered ([[National Maritime Museum of Ireland]]).}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship flag=
|Ship name=*''West Neris'' (1919–41)
*''Irish Oak'' (1941–43)<ref name=LR43>{{cite book |url= https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/43/43b0479.pdf |year=1943 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |location=London |publisher=[[Lloyd's Register]] |access-date=15 December 2013}}</ref>
|Ship namesake=
|Ship owner=*United States Maritime Commission (1919–28)
*[[Mississippi Shipping Company]] (1928–33)
*United States Shipping Board (1933–35)
*United States Shipping Board Bureau (1935–37)
*United States Maritime Commission (1937–43)
|Ship operator=*United States Shipping Board (1919–28)
*Mississippi Shipping Company (1928–33)
*United States Shipping Board (1933–35)
*Laid up (1935–41)
*Irish Shipping Ltd (1941–43)
|Ship registry=*{{flagicon|United States}} New Orleans (1919–41)
*{{Flagicon|Ireland}} Dublin (1941–43)<ref name=LR43/>
|Ship route= Cork – Tampa (1941–43)
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder= [[Southwestern Shipbuilding]], [[San Pedro, Los Angeles]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=11
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched= 24 August 1919
|Ship completed= December 1919
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship maiden voyage= 
|Ship in service= 
|Ship out of service=1935–41 
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified= 
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=*United States [[official number]] 219434 (1919–41)
*United Kingdom official number 159359 (1941–43)
*[[Code letters]] LVFP (1919–33)
*{{ICS|Lima}}{{ICS|Victor}}{{ICS|Foxtrot}}{{ICS|Papa}}
*Code letters KOTK (1934–41)
*{{ICS|Kilo}}{{ICS|Oscar}}{{ICS|Tango}}{{ICS|Kilo}}
*Code letters EINY (1941–43)<ref name=LR43/>
*{{ICS|Echo}}{{ICS|India}}{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|Yankee}}
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honors=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Torpedoed and sunk by {{GS|U-607||2}}, 15 May 1943
|Ship notes=Built to Design 1019
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header= 
|Header caption= 
|Ship class= 
|Ship tonnage=*{{GRT|5589}}<ref name=LR43/>
*tonnage under deck 5,084<ref name=LR43/>
*{{NRT|3,483}}<ref name=LR43/>
*8,542 [[Deadweight tonnage|DWT]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
|Ship displacement= 
|Ship length= {{convert|410.5|ft|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=LR43/>
|Ship beam= {{convert|54.3|ft|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=LR43/>
|Ship height= 
|Ship draft= 
|Ship depth= {{convert|27.2|ft|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=LR43/>
|Ship decks= 
|Ship deck clearance= 
|Ship power= 359 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]<ref name=LR43/>
|Ship propulsion= [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Triple-expansion steam engine]], Llewellyn Iron Works, Los Angeles<ref name=LR43/>
|Ship speed= {{convert|10.5|kn|km/h}}
|Ship capacity= 
|Ship crew= 
|Ship notes= 
}}
|}
{{location map|North Atlantic|width=304
|lat=47.85
|long=-25.883
|caption=Location of where ''Irish Oak'' was torpedoed.
|lat_deg=|lon_deg=}}

The '''SS ''Irish Oak''''' was an [[Ireland|Irish]]-operated [[steamship]] that was sunk in the [[North Atlantic]] during [[World War II]] by a [[Germany|German]] submarine.

As the '''''West Neris''''', she had been built in the [[United States]] and operated by the [[United States Shipping Board|US Shipping Board]]. In 1941, she was [[bareboat charter|chartered]] by [[Irish Shipping|Irish Shipping Limited]] to transport wheat and fertilizer from [[North America]] to Ireland. Sailing as a clearly marked [[neutral country|neutral]] vessel and not in [[convoy#aval convoys|convoy]], she was nonetheless [[torpedo|torpedoed]] and sunk by {{GS|U-607||2}} on 15 May 1943 midway between North America and [[Ireland]] with the crew being rescued.

There were then both conflicting reports that she had not, and allegations that she had, warned a nearby convoy of the presence of a [[U-boat]]. The [[United Kingdom|British]] nationality of her [[captain (nautical)|captain]] became an issue in the June [[1943 Irish general election]], there were [[diplomacy|diplomatic]] exchanges between the United States and the [[Republic of Ireland]] and questions raised in the [[British House of Commons]]. In Germany, the [[U-boat]]'s captain received a mild reprimand.

==Construction==
[[Southwestern Shipbuilding]] of [[San Pedro, Los Angeles, California|San Pedro, California]], was organized in 1918 to build cargo ships for the [[United States Shipping Board]]. As Yard No. 11, the ship was built to [[Design 1019 ship|Design 1019]], launched on 24 August 1919 and completed in December 1919. Her [[gross register tonnage]] was 5,589 tons, length {{convert|410|ft|5|in|m|2}}, with a beam of {{convert|54|ft|3|in|m|2}},<ref name=Miramar>{{csr|register=MSI|id=2219434|access-date=28 November 2009}}</ref> and a depth of {{convert|27|ft|2|in|m|2}}.<ref name=Neris>{{cite web|url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/30/30b1294.pdf |title=Lloyds Register, Navires a Vapeur et a Moteurs |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |access-date=28 November 2009}}</ref>

Propelled by a [[triple expansion steam engine]] built by the Llewellyn Iron Works of [[Los Angeles]]<ref name=Neris/> with cylinders of {{convert|24.5|in|cm}}, {{convert|42.5|in|cm}} and {{convert|72|in|cm}} bore and {{convert|48|in|cm}} stroke, the ship could go {{convert|10.5|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=Miramar/>

==''West Neris''==
'''''West Neris''''' had been built for the [[United States Maritime Commission]] (USMC) and operated by the [[United States Shipping Board]] (USSB),<ref name=Spong29>Spong, page 29</ref> her port of registry being [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]].<ref name=Neris/>

In 1928, she was sold to the [[Mississippi Steamship Company]].<ref name=Spong29/> She was sold back to the USSB in 1933.<ref name=Spong29/> With the abolition of the USSB, she was transferred to the United States Shipping Board Bureau in 1935,<ref name=Spong29/> and laid up in [[New Orleans]]. During this period the ship was neglected and the condition of her engine deteriorated.<ref name=Forde41/> In 1937 she was transferred to the United States Maritime Commission.<ref name=Spong29/> On 26 September 1941 she was [[bareboat charter|chartered]] to [[Irish Shipping|Irish Shipping Ltd]], through [[United States Lines]] at £3,245 per month.<ref name=Spong29/>

==''Irish Oak''==
===Background===
At the outbreak of [[World War II]], Ireland had very few ships,<ref name=Forde1>Forde, page 1</ref><ref name=Fisk272>Fisk, page 272</ref> and the United States instructed its ships not to enter the "[[Neutrality Act of 1939|war zone]]".<ref name="zone">{{cite book|last1=Brune |first1= Lester H. |editor1-first= Richard Dean|editor1-last= Burns|title=Chronological History of U.S. Foreign Relations: 1932-1988 |publisher=Routledge|year=2003|volume=2|pages=537|isbn=9780415939164|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSe0gs-YaTkC&pg=537|quote=defined the combat area where U.S. ships and citizens were excluded}}</ref> Acting for the Irish government, [[Minister (government)|Minister]] [[Frank Aiken]] negotiated the [[bareboat charter|charter]] of two oil-burning [[steamboat|steamships]] from the [[US Maritime Commission]]'s reserve fleet.<ref name=Dwyer>Dwyer, page 107</ref> These were the ''West Neris'' and the ''West Hematite''. Two Irish crews travelled to New Orleans to take over the ships, doing so on 9 September 1941.<ref name=Forde40>Forde, page 40</ref>

The ''West Neris'' was renamed ''Irish Oak'', and the ''West Hematite'' was renamed {{SS|Irish Pine|1919|2}}.<ref name=Coogan255>Coogan, page 255</ref> Both were chartered by the government-owned [[Irish Shipping Limited]] (ISL) and managed by the ''Limerick Steamship Company'',<ref name=Forde40 /> with their port of registry changed to [[Dublin]].<ref name=Oak/> The ''Irish Oak'' was [[captain (nautical)|captained]] by Matthew Moran of [[Wexford]], the ''Irish Pine'' by Frank Dick of [[Islandmagee]] with Samuel McNamara of [[Belfast]] as [[chief engineer]].<ref name=Forde41/>

===Initial sailing, convoys and delays===
Destined to carry [[wheat]] and [[phosphate]] [[fertilizer]], both ships sailed initially from [[New Orleans]] for [[St. John's, Newfoundland]], in October 1941 to take on cargoes of wheat<ref name=SC55/> bound for Ireland. Since [[marine insurance|insurers]] like [[Lloyd's of London]] charged higher [[insurance|premiums]] for ships not in convoy,<ref name="Oxford_Companion_online">{{cite book|last=Robb-Webb|first=Jon|title=The Oxford Companion to Military History|editor=Richard Holmes|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2001|series=Oxford Reference Online|chapter=Convoy|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com.rp.nla.gov.au:2048/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t139.e316|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110628235812/http://www.oxfordreference.com.rp.nla.gov.au:2048/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t139.e316|archive-date=2011-06-28}}</ref> the ''Irish Oak'' and the ''Irish Pine'' were painted wartime camouflage in preparation for sailing in convoy. ''Irish Pine'' joined Convoy SC&nbsp;56<ref name=SC56>{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/sc56.html|title=CONVOY SC 56|publisher=Warsailors|access-date=6 January 2010}}</ref> and arrived in [[Dublin]] on 11 December 1941. In contrast, ''Irish Oak'' experienced a number of serious mishaps and setbacks: Chief Engineer R. Marsh, of [[Dublin]], suffered a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] and was hospitalised in New Orleans; another [[engineer]], O'Keefe of [[Dún Laoghaire]], was severely burned in a [[boiler explosion|boiler room blow-back]]<ref name=Forde41/> and hospitalised in St. John; and a locally-recruited [[Greece|Greek]] replacement engineer caused difficulties, was reported to the [[Canada|Canadian]] authorities by the captain and [[prison|jailed]].<ref name=Forde41/>

Initially, ''Irish Oak'' sailed with Convoy SC&nbsp;52, which departed from [[Sydney, Nova Scotia]], on 29&nbsp;October&nbsp;1941. On 3 November, the convoy was attacked by {{GS|U-202||2}} and {{GS|U-203||2}} and lost four ships, turned back for Sydney and arrived on 5 November.<ref name=SC52>{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/sc52.html |title=CONVOY SC 52 |publisher=Warsailors |access-date=28 November 2009}}</ref> However, neglect had left the ''Irish Oak'' in poor condition. Ships from SC&nbsp;52 were merged with Convoy SC&nbsp;53, and ''Irish Oak'' sailed with it but had to return to Sydney.<ref name=SC53>{{cite web|url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/sc53.html |title=CONVOY SC 53 |publisher=Warsailors |access-date=28 November 2009}}</ref> Her next attempt was with Convoy SC&nbsp;55, which departed Sydney on 16 November 1941 and arrived at Liverpool on 5 December. However, engine problems struck again, and she was [[tugboat|towed]] to [[St. John, New Brunswick]].<ref name=SC55>{{cite web|url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/sc55.html |title=CONVOY SC 55 |publisher=Warsailors |access-date=28 November 2009}}</ref> ''Irish Oak'' remained in St. John for four months while efforts were made to repair her engine. Eventually she had to be towed to [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] for repairs. The voyage from New Orleans to Dublin - including repairs - took nine&nbsp;months: ''Irish Oak'' [[Berth (moorings)|berth]]ed in Dublin on 6&nbsp;July&nbsp;1942.<ref name=Forde41>Forde, page 41</ref>

===Out-of-convoy sailings===
The crew of the ''Irish Oak'' became acutely uneasy after her engine failed, and she was left behind by SC&nbsp;55, dead in the water to wait for a tugboat. That and the experiences of other Irish ships, especially in [[Convoy OG 71|OG 71]], the "Nightmare Convoy"<ref>{{cite book |title=Nightmare Convoy |last=Lund |first=Paul |author2=Harry Ludlam |author3=Tom Shuttleworth |year=1987 |publisher=Foulsham |isbn=978-0-572-01452-0}}</ref> in August 1941, resolved Irish crews and owners to sail as neutrals, out of convoy.<ref name=Forde86>Forde, page 86</ref> Thereafter, Irish ships were clearly marked and fully lit, usually sailed out-of-convoy on a direct course and always answered SOS calls for assistance. Irish ships rescued 534 men;{{#tag:ref|534 lives were saved, excluding rescues by lifeboats, fishing trawlers and other craft. Most sources say 521, which comes from a list of rescues in Appendix 4 of Frank Forde's book.<ref>Forde, page 143</ref> However, that list omits the rescue of 13 survivors from the ''Roxby'' by the ''Irish Beech'',<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2385.html
|title=Roxby
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|access-date=29 April 2010
}}</ref>|group=note}} but they lost 20% of their seamen.<ref name=Share>Share, page 101</ref>

Irish Shipping Limited built up its fleet to 15 ships.<ref name=Coogan>Coogan, page 251</ref> Two ships were lost, ''Irish Oak'', and ''Irish Pine'', with 33 lives. The ISL ships alone saved some 166 lives.<ref name=Spong11/>

===''Stornest''===
At 04:44 on 14 October 1942, in very bad weather, ''Irish Oak'' received a distress call from the British ship ''Stornest'', a straggler from convoy ONS 136, torpedoed by {{GS|U-706||2}}.<ref name=Stornest>{{cite web
|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2263.html
|title=Stornest
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|access-date=29 November 2009
}}</ref> ''Irish Oak'' answered the call and altered course. Six minutes later, ''Stornest'' radioed ''Irish Oak'' of abandoning ship in life-rafts since they had lost their lifeboats in the heavy seas. ''Irish Oak'' continued to relay ''Stormest''{{'}}s SOS and spent ten hours to search for survivors in a westerly gale. The rescue tug ''Adherent'', the anti-submarine trawler ''Drangey'' and two corvettes from convoy ONS 137 joined the search to no avail.<ref name="Hamiliton">{{cite book|last=Hamiliton|first=R. C.|title=The Seventy-seven Year Good Deed: A True Story of Legacy and Continuance|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|year=2009|pages=50|isbn=9781434992819|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4rBPyDlrumoC&pg=PT52}}</ref><ref name=Davies>{{cite journal|last=Davies|first=Sid|date=December 1992|title=In Memory of Idris Thomas, Lost at Sea|journal=Sea Breezes|volume=66|issue=564|url=http://www.wireless.pjrnet.co.uk/html/stornest.html|access-date=2009-11-29|archive-date=2011-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003095051/http://www.wireless.pjrnet.co.uk/html/stornest.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Stornest'' lost her crew of 29 and ten gunners at sea.<ref name=Hocking>{{cite book|last=Hocking|first=Charles|title=Dictionary of disasters at sea during the age of steam|publisher=Gardners Books|year=2004|volume=2|isbn=9780948130724|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4rBPyDlrumoC&pg=PT52}}</ref>

A week later Captain Matthew Moran was fatally injured while boarding at the Dublin quayside when the gangway collapsed beneath him.<ref name=Forde50>Forde, page 50</ref> He was replaced by Captain Eric Jones (see Crew).

===Encounter with ''U-650''===
On 14 May 1943, ''Irish Oak'' was ''en&nbsp;route'' from [[Tampa, Florida]], to Dublin with a cargo of 8,000&nbsp;tons of [[phosphate]] [[fertilizer|fertiliser]]. Smoke from an allied convoy was visible ahead in the distance, and Irish ships then generally sailed out of convoy.

At 2.23 p.m., German U-boat {{GS|U-650||2}} came alongside. There was no contact or exchange between the vessels. They continued alongside each other all afternoon. At nightfall, ''Irish Oak'' turned on her lights in accordance with her neutral status. Apparently satisfied, ''U-650'' departed during the night.<ref name=Forde57>Forde, page 57</ref> ''Irish Oak'' continued sailing astern of [[Convoy SC 129]].

As it happened, on the same day, ''U-642'' reported that an aircraft carrier (the [[escort carrier]] [[HMS Biter (D97)|HMS ''Biter'']] with the 5th Escort Group) was joining the convoy. In fear of the aircraft, the stalking U-boats were ordered to "break off operations against convoy".<ref name="Syrett">{{cite book|last=Syrett|first=David|title=The defeat of the German U-boats: the Battle of the Atlantic |publisher=University of South Carolina Press|year=1994|series=Studies in Maritime History|pages=[https://archive.org/details/defeatofgermanub00syre/page/115 115]–116|isbn=9780872499843|url=https://archive.org/details/defeatofgermanub00syre|url-access=registration}}</ref>

===Torpedoed===
As dawn broke the next morning, 15 May 1943, a torpedo hit ''Irish Oak'' at 8:19am (12:19 German Summer Time). Two torpedoes were launched. One missed, and the other struck her port side and exploded.<ref name="Iris39">{{cite journal|last=Forde|first=Frank|date=Winter 2002|title=Torpedoed ship's crew rescued by another Irish vessel|journal=Journal of the Sea|publisher=Maritime Institute of Ireland|pages=39|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/27763281/Journal-of-Sea}}</ref>

At the time, which submarine had launched the torpedoes was uncertain. Its [[periscope]] remained visible as lifeboats were lowered. The submarine waited until the lifeboats were well clear before firing a [[coup de grâce]] at 9:31 a.m. ''Irish Plane'', ''Irish Rose'' and ''Irish Ash'' responded to the [[SOS]]. The survivors were located by ''Irish Plane'' at 4:20 p.m.

''Irish Oak'' lies in position {{Coord|47|51|N|25|53|W|display=inline, title}}, almost midway between [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]] and [[Ireland]].<ref name=Waffe>{{cite web |url=http://www.ubootwaffe.net/ops/ships.cgi?boat=607;nr=6 |title=Ship Details: Irish Oak |publisher=Kriegsmarine and U-Boat history |access-date=29 November 2009 |archive-date=25 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225163849/http://www.ubootwaffe.net/ops/ships.cgi?boat=607;nr=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Landfall===
The survivors landed at [[Cobh]] on 19 May.<ref name=Forde58>Forde, page 58</ref><ref name=Times>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1943/0520/Pg001.html#Ar00122:81073D86F7788A27ED8C08027F882D7FF8427FF82D81584288273D8D37788C97ED8E1802|title=Irish Oak Crew has Landed|date=20 May 1943|newspaper=Irish Times|pages=1|access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref> They were welcomed by Samuel Roycroft, a director of both the Limerick Steamship Company and of Irish Shipping Limited. They lunched at the Imperial Hotel, [[Cork (city)|Cork]].<ref name=Forde_91>Forde, page 91</ref> On arrival in Dublin on 21 May, they were welcomed by [[Peadar Doyle]], the [[Lord Mayor of Dublin|Lord Mayor]], and were hosted to lunch at [[Leinster House]], home of [[Dáil Éireann]] (the Irish Parliament), on 24 May.<ref name=Signal10>Higgins, page 10</ref>

It was common practice for crews' wages to be stopped when a ship was sunk.<ref name=Stop>{{cite web |url=http://homepage.ntlworld.com/annemariepurnell/can5.html |title=Canonsea, Convoy HX72 & U-100 |publisher=Annemarie Purnell |access-date=12 December 2009 |archive-date=6 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206151517/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/annemariepurnell/can5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The famed Labour leader [[James Larkin]] raised the issue of the survivors' treatment in the Dáil. Citing the crew member who was told by the Labour exchange to "go and get his record card", which was lost when ''Irish Oak'' sank, he suggested for the Dáil to ask the German Consul-General to send a submarine to retrieve it.<ref name=Dail>{{cite web|url=http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/0091/D.0091.194307020003.html |title=Dáil Éireann - Volume 91 - 2 July 1943 |publisher=Oireactas |access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
===British===
Which submarine had sunk ''Irish Oak'' was unknown at the time. The survivors knew only that it was unlikely to have been ''U-650''.<ref name=Signal9>Higgins, page 9</ref> In the [[British House of Commons]], Sir [[William Davison, 1st Baron Broughshane|William Davidson]] called for a formal protest because ''Irish Oak'' had not warned the convoy, and [[Douglas Lloyd Savory]] called for an end of coal exports to Ireland.<ref name=Work>{{cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=1943-06-08a.513.8|title=Enemy Submarines (Non-Notification, Eire Government)|work=House of Commons debates, 8 June 1943|access-date=28 November 2009}}</ref>

No official action was taken. Ireland was exporting [[Irish Mercantile Marine during World War II#Food|food]] to Britain at the time. Also, [[Paul Emrys-Evans]] revealed that the convoy knew about the U-boat; the British stance was that as it already knew of the presence of both ''Irish Oak'' and ''U-607'', there was no need for ''Irish Oak'' to have warned the convoy.<ref name=Hansard>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1943/jun/08/enemy-submarines-non-notification-eire#S5CV0390P0_19430608_HOC_7|title=The Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs (Mr. Emrys-Evans)|work=8 June 1943 → Commons Sitting → FUEL AND POWER|publisher=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=8 June 1943|access-date=29 November 2009}}</ref>

===Irish===
During [[World War I]], the South [[Arklow]] [[Lightvessel]] ''Guillemot'', operated by the [[Commissioners of Irish Lights]], had given warning of a U-boat. In consequence, on 28 March 1917, [[SM UC-65|''UC-65'']] surfaced, ordered the crew into its lifeboat and sank the ''Guillemot''.<ref name="guillemot">{{cite journal|last=Blaney|first=Jim|date=2006–2007|title=The South Arklow Lightvessel and UC-65|journal=Beam|publisher=Commissioners of Irish Lights|volume=35|url=http://www.cil.ie/sh1100x5840.html}}</ref> Against that background, the sinking of ''Irish Oak'' became a hotly-debated issue.

The Irish government's stance was that ''Irish Oak'' had not warned the Allied convoy of a U-boat presence, as stated by [[Éamon de Valera]] in the Dáil<ref name=Dail2/> and by [[Irish Shipping Limited]].<ref name=Forde59/> De Valera went on to say that it was "no business of Irish ships to give any information to anyone".

A rumour to the contrary was picked up by the [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Irish Labour Party]]. [[James Everett (politician)|James Everett]] asked, "Was information given to the British convoy that a submarine was sighted the night before?"<ref name=Forde59/> Discussion in the Dáil during the runnup to the general election focused on the possibility that a warning had been transmitted, and demands were made to know the nationality of the captain, a [[British subject]]:<ref name=Dail2>{{cite web |url=http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/0090/D.0090.194305260002.html |title=Dáil Éireann - Volume 90 - 26 May 1943, Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Sinking of "Irish Oak." |publisher=Oireachtas |access-date=30 November 2009 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104747/http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/0090/D.0090.194305260002.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
<blockquote> 
*[[William Norton|Bill Norton]]: "Would the [[Taoiseach]] state the nationality of the master of the ship?"
*Éamon de Valera: "I do not know it."
*[[James Hickey (Irish politician)|James Hickey]]: "I think the Taoiseach should take a deep interest in finding out the nationality of the captains of our ships."
*[[William Davin]]: "Is the Taoiseach aware that a recommendation was submitted that Irish nationals should get preference for these ships?"
</blockquote>
:Norton, Hickey and Davin were Labour Party members.

[[Luke Duffy]], secretary of the Labour Party, said that the "government was guilty of duplicity and near belligerency behind a facade of neutrality. They had placed foreign nationals on the bridge of Irish ships...".<ref name=Forde59>Forde, page 59</ref> The party issued an advertisement condemning the "criminal conduct of the [[Fianna Fáil]] Government in sending brave men to their doom on the ''Irish Oak''".<ref name=Dail9July>{{cite web |url=http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie/D/0091/D.0091.194307090010.html |title=Dáil Éireann - Volume 91 - 9 July 1943 Emergency Powers (Continuance) Bill, 1943—Second Stage (Resumed). |publisher=Oireachtas |access-date=30 November 2009 |archive-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609221428/http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie/D/0091/D.0091.194307090010.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Responding to allegations that ''Irish Oak'' had acted in such a way as to endanger her neutral status, Irish Shipping Limited stated:
<blockquote>
"...whether... any information had been conveyed to a British convoy that a submarine had been sighted. The company states in the most explicit manner that there is no foundation whatever for the suggestion contained in the question. No such message was sent.<ref name=Signal10/></blockquote>

[[Seán MacEntee]], of the Fianna Fáil, placed a counter-advertisement in ''[[The Irish Times]]'', "Licence to Sink", which stated that the Labour Party sought to justify the sinking of the ''Irish Oak'': "But for these ships many of our people might have been hungry, would have been idle.... If our people were hungry and idle they would be more ready to listen to their pernicious doctrines".<ref name=Times2>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1943/0621/Pg002.html#Ad00230:7BC19B7CD1DB7D319B84E1DB7981D27D12067DF1F781822B7E51D381B207|title=Licence to Sink|last=Sean |first=MacEntee|date=21 June 1943|newspaper=Irish Times|pages=2|access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref>

After the election, William Davin complained of "the unfounded allegations and the slanderous and libellous statements made against members of this {''sic'' Labour} Party... had the audacity to charge members of this Party, during the recent election campaign, with having condoned the sinking of the ''Irish Oak''. Could anything be more scandalous, or more untrue?"<ref name=Dail1July>{{cite web |url=http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie:80/D/0091/D.0091.194307010007.html |title=Dáil Éireann - Volume 90 - Irish Oak, Nomination of Members of Government—Motion (Resumed) |publisher=Oireachtas |access-date=30 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204024/http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie/D/0091/D.0091.194307010007.html |archive-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

Although Labour increased its representation, and de Valera's [[Fianna Fáil]] party lost seats in the [[1943 Irish general election]], he remained in power with the support of the [[Farmers' Party (Ireland)|Farmers' Party]].<ref name=Gray>Gray, page 206</ref>

===United States===
The submarine that had sunk ''Irish Oak'' was unknown at the time, only that it was unlikely to have been ''U-650''.<ref name=Signal9/> Irish Shipping Limited was negotiating a lease of the SS ''Wolverine'' from the United States. The [[US State Department]] intervened to ask why Ireland had not protested to Germany for the sinking.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/departmentofstat1044unit/departmentofstat1044unit_djvu.txt|title=Inability of United States To Sell Additional Merchant Ships to Ireland |date=11 March 1944|work=Press Release|publisher=Department of State bulletin|access-date=23 March 2010}}</ref>

The Irish replied that they protested other sinkings when the attacker was known. They protested the attacks on the [[collier (ship type)|colliers]] {{SS|Glencullen||2}} and {{SS|Glencree||2}}.<ref name=Fisk>Fisk, page 275</ref> They referred to the attack on the {{MV|Kerlogue}} by two unidentified aircraft, initially denied by the British but admitted by them when shell fragments of British manufacture were found.<ref name=Forde_118>Forde, page 118</ref>

No further American ships were leased or sold to Ireland.<ref name=Spong11>Spong, page 11</ref>

===German===
After the est, it was finally revealed that {{GS|U-607||2}} had sunk ''Irish Oak''. This action and ''U-607'''s report were not well received. Captain, [[Oberleutnant zur See]] Wolf Jeschonnek, claimed that ''Irish Oak'' was a [[Q-ship]] with false Irish markings and was sailing without lights:<ref name=Sinking/>

"The Second Lieutenant excused the sinking by saying that "IRISH OAK" was obviously a "Q" ship. He alleged that she was sailing at night without lights, zigzagging, and travelling at fourteen knots, although she appeared capable of barely half that speed."<ref name=Sinking/>

The flag officer of the U-boat said that the incident should not have happened but could be attributed to an understandable mistake by an eager captain: "The precise observance of Irish neutrality and of all Flag Officer U-boats' strict orders in this connection is the duty of all U-boat captains and is in the most immediate and pressing interests of the [[German Reich]]".<ref name=Forde58/>

''U-607'' was sunk in convoy with two other U-boats in the [[Bay of Biscay]]<ref>{{Coord|45|02|N|9|14|W|scale:10000000|display=inline}}</ref> on 13 July 1943 by a [[Short Sunderland|Sunderland]] flying boat of [[No. 228 Squadron RAF|228 Squadron]] [[Royal Air Force]], assisted by a [[Handley Page Halifax|Halifax]] of [[No. 58 Squadron RAF|58 Squadron]].<ref name=Sinking>{{cite web |url=http://www.uboatarchive.net/U-607INT.htm |title=U-607, Interrogation of survivors |publisher=Uboat Archive |access-date=29 November 2009 |archive-date=5 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905145453/http://www.uboatarchive.net/U-607INT.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Oberleutnant Jeschonnek and six of his crew were taken prisoner, and the rest perished.<ref name=Forde59/>

Nine days after the sinking of ''Irish Oak'', on 24 May 1943, Admiral [[Karl Dönitz]] ordered a U-boat withdrawal from the [[Atlantic]]. Of the Gernans' operational fleet, 41 U-boats, or 25% of them, had been lost in [[Black May (1943)|Black May]], against a total of 50 Allied merchant ships destroyed. The [[Battle of the Atlantic]] was over.<ref name=Stern>{{cite book|last=Stern|first=Robert C|title=U-Boats in action|publisher=Squadron/Signal Publications|year=1977|pages=7|isbn=9780897470544}}</ref>

==Crew==
All of the crew of the ''Irish Oak'' when she was sunk on 15 May 1943 were rescued.<ref name=Signal10/>

==Official Numbers, Code Letters and Call Signs==
Official Numbers, a forerunner to [[IMO Number]]s, were:
* ''West Neris'' - United States Official Number 219439.<ref name=Neris/>
* ''Irish Oak'' - United Kingdom Official Number 189859.<ref name=Oak>{{cite web |url= https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/42/42b1034.pdf |title=Lloyds Register, Navires a Vapeur et a Moteurs |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |access-date=28 November 2009}}</ref>

[[Code Letters]]:
*''West Neris'' - '''LVFP''' until 1933.<ref name=Neris/>

[[Call sign#Ships and boats|Call signs]], the replacement of code letters from 1934:
'''KOTK''' from 1934.<ref name=Neris2>{{cite web |url= https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/34/34b0909.pdf |title=Lloyds Register, Navires a Vapeur et a Moteurs |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |access-date=28 November 2009}}</ref>
*''Irish Oak'' - '''EINY'''.<ref name=Oak/>

==Other ships named ''Irish Oak''==
In 1949, Irish Shipping Limited acquired a new {{SS|Irish Oak|1949|2}} (official number 174596). Built for ISL by J. Readhead and Sons Ltd., [[South Shields]], [[William Norton]] complained that she was to be built in Britain.<ref name=Dail3>{{cite web |url=http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie/D/0102/D.0102.194607160009.html |title=Dáil Éireann - Volume 102 - 16 July 1946, Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Building of Cargo Liners |publisher=Oireachtas |access-date=30 November 2009 |archive-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609194340/http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie/D/0102/D.0102.194607160009.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> She would be immortalised in [[Frank McCourt]]'s book "[['Tis]]". In 1967, she was sold to Proverde Shipping of Greece and renamed ''Vegas''. In 1979, en route from [[Piraeus]] to [[Vietnam]], she ran aground near [[Jeddah]] and was re-floated but sold for breaking up.<ref name=Spong34>Spong, page 34</ref>

In 1973, Irish Shipping Limited acquired another {{MV|Irish Oak|1973|2}}, a bulk carrier motor ship with a [[diesel engine]]. ''Irish Oak'', {{GRT|16704|link=off}}, 25,649 DWT, which was in service with Irish Shipping until 1982.<ref name=Oak3>{{cite web|url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=664 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219194127/http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=664 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 December 2011 |title=MV ''IRISH OAK'' |publisher=Clydesite |access-date=23 March 2010}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Irish neutrality]] (external issues)
* [[The Emergency (Ireland)|The Emergency]] (internal issues)
* [[Irish neutrality during World War II]]
* [[Irish Mercantile Marine during World War II]]
* [[Irish Shipping]]

==References and sources==
<references group="note"/>
;Notes
{{Reflist|2}}

;Sources
*{{cite book |last=Coogan |first=Tim Pat |title=Ireland in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Hutchinson |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=0-09-179427-7}}
*{{cite book |last=Dwyer |first=T Ryle |title=Irish neutrality and the USA, 1939-47 |publisher=Gill and Macmillan |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-87471-994-9}}
*{{cite book |last=Fisk |first=Robert |title=In Time of War |publisher=André Deutsch |location=London |year=1983 |isbn=0-233-97514-4}}
*{{cite book |last=Forde |first=Frank |title=The Long Watch |publisher=New Island Books |location=Dublin |date=2000 |orig-year=1981 |isbn=1-902602-42-0}}
*{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Tony |title=The Lost Years |publisher=Little, Brown & Co |location=London |year=1997 |isbn=0-316-88189-9}}
*{{cite journal |date=Spring–Summer 1980 |title=War Time Fleet: No. 8 "Irish Oak" |journal=Signal |publisher=Irish Shipping Ltd. |location=Dublin |volume=17 |issue=3 |editor=John Higgins}}
*{{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |title=Guarding Neutral Ireland |publisher=Four Courts Press |location=Dublin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84682-097-7}}
*{{cite book |last=Share |first=Brendan |title=The Emergency - Neutral Ireland 1939-45 |publisher=Gill and Macmillan |location=Dublin |year=1978 |isbn=071710916X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencyneutral00shar }}
*{{cite book |last=Spong |first=Harry |title=Irish Shipping Limited |publisher=World Ship Society |year=1982 |isbn=0-905617-20-7}}
*{{cite book |last=Wills |first=Clair |title=That Neutral Island |publisher=Faber and Faber |location=London |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-571-22105-9}}

==External links==
*[http://www.irishships.com/irish_shipping_ltd.html Irishships - Irish Shipping Ltd]
*{{cite web
|url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2927.html
|title=SS ''Irish Oak''
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
}}

{{Design 1019 ships}}
{{Irish Shipping}}
{{May 1943 shipwrecks}}
{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Irish Oak}}
[[Category:1919 ships]]
[[Category:Independent Ireland in World War II]]
[[Category:Maritime history of Ireland]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in May 1943]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II]]
[[Category:Steamships of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Steamships of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II merchant ships of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Design 1013 ships]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

AHS Centaur (edit)
Australian steamer Adele (edit)
Finnish gunboat Turunmaa (edit)
French destroyer L'Audacieux (edit)
French destroyer Léopard (edit)
French submarine La Vestale (Q176) (edit)
German submarine U-109 (1940) (edit)
German submarine U-125 (1940) (edit)
German submarine U-128 (1941) (edit)
German submarine U-176 (edit)
German submarine U-182 (edit)
German submarine U-186 (edit)
German submarine U-192 (edit)
German submarine U-202 (edit)
German submarine U-203 (edit)
German submarine U-209 (edit)
German submarine U-235 (edit)
German submarine U-236 (edit)
German submarine U-237 (edit)
German submarine U-258 (edit)
German submarine U-266 (edit)
German submarine U-273 (edit)
German submarine U-303 (edit)
German submarine U-304 (edit)
German submarine U-381 (edit)
German submarine U-414 (edit)
German submarine U-436 (edit)
German submarine U-438 (edit)
German submarine U-439 (edit)
German submarine U-440 (edit)
German submarine U-447 (edit)
German submarine U-456 (edit)
German submarine U-463 (edit)
German submarine U-465 (edit)
German submarine U-467 (edit)
German submarine U-528 (edit)
German submarine U-531 (edit)
German submarine U-563 (edit)
German submarine U-569 (edit)
German submarine U-607 (edit)
German submarine U-630 (edit)
German submarine U-638 (edit)
German submarine U-640 (edit)
German submarine U-646 (edit)
German submarine U-650 (edit)
German submarine U-657 (edit)
German submarine U-659 (edit)
German submarine U-663 (edit)
German submarine U-706 (edit)
German submarine U-752 (edit)
German submarine U-753 (edit)
German submarine U-755 (edit)
German submarine U-89 (1941) (edit)
German submarine U-953 (edit)
HMS Untamed (P58) (edit)
HMS Wishart (D67) (edit)
Italian destroyer Angelo Bassini (edit)
Italian submarine Enrico Tazzoli (1935) (edit)
Italian submarine Leonardo da Vinci (1939) (edit)
Japanese destroyer Kagerō (1938) (edit)
Japanese destroyer Kuroshio (edit)
Japanese destroyer Oyashio (edit)
Japanese gunboat Aso Maru (1932) (edit)
Japanese submarine I-31 (edit)
Japanese submarine Ro-102 (edit)
MV Daunt Rock (view source)
MV Fastnet Rock (view source)
MV Irish Cedar (1962) (view source)
MV Irish Cedar (1976) (view source)
MV Irish Elm (view source)
MV Irish Larch (view source)
MV Irish Maple (view source)
MV Irish Oak (1973) (view source)
MV Irish Plane (view source)
MV Irish Rowan (view source)
MV Irish Spruce (view source)
MV Irish Star (view source)
MV Irish Stardust (view source)
MV Kerlogue (edit)
MV Skellig Rock (view source)
MV Tuskar Rock (view source)
SS Babboosic (view source)
SS Brookline (view source)
SS Empire Eve (edit)
SS Erinpura (edit)
SS Fingal (1923) (edit)
SS Glencree (view source)
SS Glencullen (view source)
SS Gneisenau (1935) (edit)
SS Général Bonaparte (edit)
SS Haleakala (edit)
SS Hollywood (view source)
SS Irish Alder (1902) (view source)
SS Irish Alder (1956) (view source)
SS Irish Ash (1921) (view source)
SS Irish Ash (1958) (view source)
SS Irish Beech (view source)
SS Irish Blackthorn (view source)
SS Irish Cedar (view source)
SS Irish Elm (1910) (view source)
SS Irish Elm (1956) (view source)
SS Irish Fern (view source)
SS Irish Fir (1920) (view source)
SS Irish Fir (1956) (view source)
SS Irish Hawthorn (view source)
SS Irish Hazel (1895) (edit)
SS Irish Hazel (1949) (view source)
SS Irish Heather (view source)
SS Irish Holly (view source)
SS Irish Larch (1903) (view source)
SS Irish Larch (1956) (view source)
SS Irish Maple (view source)
SS Irish Oak (1949) (view source)
SS Irish Pine (1919) (edit)
SS Irish Pine (1948) (view source)
SS Irish Plane (view source)
SS Irish Poplar (1912) (view source)
SS Irish Poplar (1956) (view source)
SS Irish Rose (1918) (view source)
SS Irish Rose (1948) (view source)
SS Irish Rose (1956) (view source)
SS Irish Spruce (1896) (view source)
SS Irish Spruce (1957) (view source)
SS Irish Willow (1917) (edit)
SS Irish Willow (1948) (view source)
SS Irish Willow (1956) (view source)
SS Isanti (view source)
SS Mary Luckenbach (1920) (view source)
SS Nailsea Meadow (edit)
SS Nipmuc (view source)
SS Norumbega (view source)
SS Pachet (view source)
SS Pagasset (view source)
SS Portsmouth (1919) (view source)
SS Vinita (view source)
SS Wentworth (1919) (edit)
SS West Alcoz (view source)
SS West Aleta (edit)
SS West Ashawa (view source)
SS West Bakersfield (view source)
SS West Cactus (view source)
SS West Caddoa (edit)
SS West Cadron (edit)
SS West Cahokia (view source)
SS West Calera (view source)
SS West Camak (view source)
SS West Camargo (view source)
SS West Canon (view source)
SS West Carmona (view source)
SS West Catanace (view source)
SS West Cavanal (view source)
SS West Cawthon (edit)
SS West Cayote (view source)
SS West Chetac (view source)
SS West Chicopee (view source)
SS West Inskip (view source)
SS West Kader (edit)
SS West Kasson (edit)
SS West Katon (view source)
SS West Keats (view source)
SS West Kebar (view source)
SS West Keene (view source)
SS West Maximus (edit)
SS West Niger (edit)
SS West Nilus (view source)
SS West Niveria (view source)
SS West Nomentum (view source)
SS West Norranus (view source)
SS West Notus (view source)
SS West Numidia (view source)
SS West Sequana (view source)
SS West Vaca (view source)
USS Grayling (SS-209) (edit)
USS Harder (SS-257) (edit)
USS Macdonough (DD-351) (edit)
USS Nantahala (ID-3519) (edit)
USS Niagara (PG-52) (edit)
USS Oskaloosa (ID-3800) (view source)
USS S-33 (SS-138) (edit)
USS S-34 (SS-139) (edit)
USS Sicard (edit)
USS Springfield (ID-2575) (view source)
USS West Avenal (ID-3871) (edit)
USS West Carnifax (ID-3812) (edit)
USS West Madaket (ID-3636) (edit)
Template:' (view source) (protected)
Template:Apostrophe (view source) (protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite ship register (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord (view source) (protected)
Template:Country data Ireland (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data United States (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Csr (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Design 1019 ships (edit)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Flag icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flag icon/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flagicon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:GRT (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:GS (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Good article (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Gross register tonnage (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:HMS (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ICS (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:ICS flag (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Infobox ship begin (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox ship career (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox ship characteristics (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox ship image (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Irish Shipping (edit)
Template:Location map (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:MV (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:May 1943 shipwrecks (edit)
Template:Military navigation (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:NRT (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Net register tonnage (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:SS (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ship (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Shipwrecks navbox footer (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Shipwrecks navbox footer/link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Top icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:USS (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map/data/North Atlantic (edit)
Module:Location map/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Military navigation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WPSHIPS utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to SS Irish Oak (1919).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Irish_Oak_(1919)"