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{{short description|Italian ''Nembo''-class destroyer}}
{{other ships|Italian destroyer Nembo}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption=}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:Nembo1.jpg
|Ship caption=''Nembo'' in her original configuration with two [[Funnel (ship)|funnels]], sometime between 1902&nbsp;and&nbsp;1909.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Italy]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy|naval}}
|Ship name=''Nembo''
|Ship owner=
|Ship namesake=Nimbus, a now-outdated term for a [[nimbostratus cloud]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Cantiere Pattison]], {{nowrap|[[Naples]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]}}
|Ship laid down=6 August 1899
|Ship launched=18 May 1901
|Ship completed=26 June 1902
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=June 1902
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship identification=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=Sunk 17 October 1916
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Destroyer]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|325|LT|t|abbr=on}} normal
*{{convert|380|LT|t|abbr=on}} full load
|Ship length=*{{convert|63.39|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[length between perpendiculars|pp]]
*{{convert|64.00|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
|Ship beam={{convert|5.94|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|2.29|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|vertical triple-expansion steam engines]]
*3× Thornycroft boilers
*{{convert|5000|ihp|kW|0|abbr=on|lk=in}}
|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=55
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*'''As built:'''
*1 × [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|Cannon 76/40 (3 in) Model 1916]] gun
*5 × [[QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt|QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt 57 mm/43]] guns
*2 × {{convert|356|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s
*'''1905:'''
*5 × [[QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt|QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt 57 mm/43]] guns
*4 x {{convert|356|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes
*'''1909:'''
*4 × [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|Cannon 76/40 (3 in) Model 1916]] guns
*4 x {{convert|450|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
[[File:Italian destroyer Nembo in Monaco, 1906.jpg|thumb|''Nembo'' off [[Monaco]] in 1906 in her original configuration with two [[Funnel (ship)|funnels]].]]
[[File:Nembo2.jpg|thumb|''Nembo'' in 1914 or 1915. just before Italy's entry into [[World War I]]. in the three-[[Funnel (ship)|funnel]] configuration that resulted from her 1909 modernization.]]
'''''Nembo''''' ("[[Nimbostratus cloud|Nimbus]]") was the [[lead ship]] of the Italian {{sclass|Nembo|destroyer|0}} [[destroyer]]s. [[Ship commissioning|Commissioned]] into service in the Italian {{lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} ("Royal Navy") in 1902, she served in the [[Italo-Turkish War]] and {{nowrap|[[World War I]].}} She was sunk during the latter conflict in October&nbsp;1916.

==Construction, commissioning, and modernization==
''Nembo'' was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] at the {{lang|it|[[Cantiere Pattison]]}} ({{langx|en|Pattison [[Shipyard]]}}) in [[Naples]], [[Italy]], on 6&nbsp;August&nbsp;1899. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 18&nbsp;May&nbsp;1901 and completed on 26&nbsp;June&nbsp;1902.<ref name=dreadnoughtproject>{{cite web |url=http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/Nembo_Class_Destroyer_(1901) |title=Nembo Class Destroyer (1912) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=dreadnoughtproject.org |publisher=The Dreadnought Project |access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref> She was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] in June 1902. ''Nembo'', like her [[sister ship]], {{ship|Italian destroyer|Turbine|1901|2}}, had her armament modified in 1905, each having her [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|Cannon 76/40 (3 in) Model 1916]] gun removed and two additional {{convert|356|mm|0|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s installed, giving them the same armament as that of the following three ''Nembo''-class ships.<ref name="navypedia">[http://www.navypedia.org/ships/italy/it_dd_nembo.htm Nembo destroyers (1902 - 1905) - Regia Marina (Italy)<!-- Title generated automatically -->].</ref>{{rs|date=May 2024}}

At various times between 1909 and 1912, each of the ''Nembo''-class destroyers underwent a radical modernization; ''Nembo''′s took place in 1909. Her [[coal]]-fired [[boiler]]s were converted into [[Fuel oil|oil]]-fired ones, and her original two short, squat [[Funnel (ship)|funnels]] were replaced with three smaller, more streamlined ones, profoundly altering her appearance. Her armament also changed, with her original five [[QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt|QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt 57 mm/43]] guns replaced by four [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|Cannon 76/40 (3 in) Model 1916]] guns, and her original four {{convert|356|mm|in|0|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s replaced by four {{convert|450|mm|in|1|adj=on}} tubes.<ref name="navypedia"/>{{rs|date=May 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=504516|title=Italian Nembo - Warships 1900–1950|publisher=Warships of World War II|language=cs, en|access-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125907/https://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=504516|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>{{rs|date=May 2024}}<ref name = "Marina Militare">[http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/LMNO/nembo01.aspx <!-- Title generated automatically --> ''Marina Militare'': ''Nembo''].</ref> In 1914–1916 ''Nembo'' underwent additional modifications, receiving equipment that allowed her to [[Minelaying|lay]] 10 to 16 [[Naval mine|mines]].<ref name="navypedia"/>{{rs|date=May 2024}}<ref name = "Marina Militare"/>{{dead link|date=May 2024}}

==Service history==
===Italo-Turkish War===
The [[Italo-Turkish War]] began on 29&nbsp;September&nbsp;1911 with the [[Kingdom of Italy]]′s [[declaration of war]] on the [[Ottoman Empire]]. ''Nembo'' was assigned at the time to the 2nd [[Squadron (naval)|Squadron's]] 4th [[Division (naval)|Division]] along with her sister ships {{ship|Italian destroyer|Aquilone|1902|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Borea|1902|2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Turbine|1901|2}}.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=10}}<ref name="Il Dodecaneso italiano">{{Cite web |url=http://altierospinelli.it/rivista/monografie/Il%20Dodecaneso%20italiano_Battaglia.pdf |title=Il Dodecaneso italiano |language=it |date=November 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} InternetArchiveBot.</ref> On 17&nbsp;April&nbsp;1912 she suffered damage in a collision with ''Turbine'', but not enough to prevent her from joining ''Turbine'', the [[armored cruiser]]s {{ship|Italian cruiser|Francesco Ferruccio||2}}, {{ship|Italian cruiser|Giuseppe Garibaldi|1899|2}}, {{ship|Italian cruiser|Varese||2}}, and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Vettor Pisani||2}}, the [[torpedo cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Coatit||2}}, and the [[torpedo boat]]s {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Climene|1909|2}}, {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Pegaso|1905|2}}, {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Perseo|1905|2}}, and {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Procione|1905|2}} in a bombardment of the Ottoman forts of [[Gum-Galesch]] and [[Sed Ul Bahr]] in the [[Dardanelles]] on 18&nbsp;April&nbsp;1912.<ref name="Il Dodecaneso italiano"/> On 4&nbsp;May&nbsp;1912, ''Nembo'' and ''Aquilone'' occupied the island of [[Lipsos]] in the [[Dodecanese]] in the [[Aegean Sea]].<ref>[http://www.betasom.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=18278 La Guerra Italo Turca - Betasom - XI Gruppo Sommergibili Atlantici<!-- Title generated automatically --> (in Italian)].</ref>{{rs|date=May 2024}}

At 04:00 on 14&nbsp;July&nbsp;1912, ''Nembo'' got underway from [[Stampalia]] in the Dodecanese with ''Borea'' and ''Vettor Pisani'' to provide support to the torpedo boats {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Astore|1907|2}}, {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Centauro|1906|2}}, ''Climene'', ''Perseo'', and {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Spica|1905|2}} as they conducted a [[reconnaissance]] of the Dardanelles. The ships first steamed to the Italian-occupied island of [[Leros]] in the southern Aegean Sea, where the torpedo boats were prepared for the incursion. They then proceeded to [[Strati (island)|Strati]] (also known as Bozaba), where they arrived on 17&nbsp;July&nbsp;1912 and the officer who would command the torpedo boats during the operation joined the force. Delayed by bad weather, the force left Strati on the afternoon of 18&nbsp;July bound for the Dardanelles. While ''Nembo'', ''Vettor Pisani'', and ''Borea'' remained off the coast out of sight of land, the torpedo boats penetrated the Dardanelles, noting the location of Ottoman ships and the defenses of the strait. Suffering only slight damage and no casualties, the torpedo boats returned to ''Vettor Pisani'' during the predawn hours of 19&nbsp;July&nbsp;1912.<ref name="Il Dodecaneso italiano"/>{{sfn|Beehler|1913|pp=87, 89}} The war ended on 18&nbsp;October&nbsp;1912 in an Italian victory.

===World War I===
====1915–1916====
[[World War I]] broke out in 1914, and the Italy entered the war on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] with its [[declaration of war]] on [[Austria-Hungary]] on 23&nbsp;May&nbsp;1915. At the time, ''Nembo'', [[Commanding officer|under the command]] of ''Capitano di fregata'' ([[Frigate captain|Frigate Captain]]) Sorrentino, as well as ''Aquilone'', ''Borea'', ''Turbine'', and their sister ship {{ship|Italian destroyer|Espero|1904|2}} made up the 5th Destroyer Squadron, based at [[Taranto]].{{sfn|Favre|pp=68–69, 97, 100–102.}}

On 23&nbsp;June&nbsp;1916 ''Nembo'' and the [[French Navy]] destroyer {{ship|French destroyer|Casque|1910|2}}, later joined by the French destroyer {{ship|French destroyer|Protet||2}} and four Italian torpedo boats, took part in rescuing the survivors of the Italian [[auxiliary cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Città di Messina||2}} and the French destroyer  {{ship|French destroyer|Fourche||2}}, [[torpedo]]ed and sunk by the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] [[submarine]] {{SMU|U-15|Austria-Hungary|2}} while on a reconnaissance cruise in the [[Strait of Otranto]]. Rescuers saved 302 of the 335 men who had been aboard ''Città di Messina'' and 66 of the 85 men who had been aboard ''Fourche''.<ref>[http://pages14-18.mesdiscussions.net/pages1418/Forum-Pages-d-Histoire-aviation-marine/marine-1914-1918/torpilleur-fourche-contre-sujet_511_1.htm FOURCHE - Contre-torpilleur - marine - Forum Pages d'Histoire: marine - FORUM pages 14-18<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017042502/http://pages14-18.mesdiscussions.net/pages1418/Forum-Pages-d-Histoire-aviation-marine/marine-1914-1918/torpilleur-fourche-contre-sujet_511_1.htm |date=17 October 2017 }}.</ref>{{rs|date=May 2024}}

In October&nbsp;1916 ''Nembo'', ''Borea'', the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ascaro|1912|2}} and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Garibaldino|1910|2}}, and four torpedo boats provided protection and support to a [[Amphibious warfare|landing force]] consisting of ''Francesco Ferruccio'' and the [[Steamship|steamers]] ''[[SS Catania (1894)|Ausonia]]'', {{SS|Bulgaria|Italian steamer|2}}, {{SS|Choising||2}}, and {{SS|Polcevera||2}} sent to occupy [[Sarandë]] (known to the Italians as Santi Quaranta), in the [[Principality of Albania]]. At 05:15 on 2&nbsp;October&nbsp;1916, four [[platoon]]s of sailors, a unit of [[miner]]s, and a unit of personnel from ''Francesco Ferruccio'' landed on the beach and quickly occupied the area, the 32 members of the [[Kingdom of Greece|Greek]] garrison at Sarandë having no option other than to retreat after protesting the Italian operation. After disembarking an [[infantry]] [[battalion]] and a [[cavalry]] [[Squadron (army)|squadron]], the steamers departed at 16:00 on 2&nbsp;October for [[Vlorë]] (known to the Italians as Valona), [[Albania]], where they embarked more troops. On 3&nbsp;October, ''Ausonia'' and ''Polcevera'' landed a [[pack artillery]] [[Artillery battery|battery]] and a second cavalry squadron, and on 4&nbsp;October the operation was completed when ''Bulgaria'' and ''Choising'' put another infantry battalion and a third cavalry squadron ashore.{{sfn|Favre|pp=97, 155–156.}}

====Loss====
On 16&nbsp;October&nbsp;1916 ''Nembo'', under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' ([[Corvette captain|Corvette Captain]]) Russo, left Vlorë to escort the steamer {{SS|Bormida||2}}, which was bound for Sarandë with troops on board.{{sfn|Favre|pp=97, 155–156.}} On 17&nbsp;October, between Vlorë and [[Sazan]] (known to the Italians as Saseno) the Austro-Hungarian submarine {{SMU|U-16|Austria-Hungary|2}} attacked the [[convoy]], hitting ''Nembo'' with two torpedoes. ''Nembo'' broke in two and sank quickly at {{coord|40|08|N|019|30|E|name=''Nembo''}}.{{sfn|Favre|pp=97, 155–156.}}<ref name="Great War Forum">[http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=66203 SS "Bishopston" - Great War Forum<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191255/http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=66203 |date=4 March 2016 }}.</ref> ''U-16'' also sank during the clash, although how and why she sank is unclear: According to some sources ''Nembo'' rammed ''U-16'' before sinking,{{sfn|Favre|pp=97, 155–156.}}<ref>[http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/4341.html Destroyer Nembo - Ships hit by U-boats - German and Austrian U-boats of World War One - Kaiserliche Marine - uboat.net<!-- Titolo generato automaticamente -->].</ref> while other sources claim that ''Nembo''′s [[depth charge]]s sank ''U-16'' when they exploded after falling overboard while ''Nembo'' sank.<ref>Giorgio Giorgerini, ''Uomini sul fondo. Storia del sommergibilismo italiano dalle origini ad oggi'', p. 55 (in Italian).</ref> Still other sources claim that ''U-16'' sank after colliding with ''Bormida''.

Of ''Nembo''′s 55-man crew, 32 died in the sinking, including Russo, the [[executive officer]], the [[chief engineer]], and another [[Engine officer|engineering officer]].{{sfn|Favre|pp=97, 155–156.}} Twenty-three men survived,{{sfn|Favre|pp=97, 155–156.}} either rescued by Italian ships or swimming to the Albanian coast. Among ''U-16''′s crew, two men died and 14 survived.<ref name="Great War Forum"/> Of the Italians who survived by swimming to shore, four refused rescue by a [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboat]] manned by ''U-16''′s survivors so as to avoid being taken [[Prisoner of war|prisoner]]. After reaching the coast, they contributed to the capture of the Austro-Hungarians in the lifeboat, who were taken prisoner by Italian ships.<ref>{{Cite news|author= Carlo Alberto Di Grazia|title = Il coraggio di guardare in faccia la morte|language=it|work = Viareggio Ieri|volume=2|issue=5|date=15 May – 15 June 1965}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cocchia |first=Aldo |author-link= |date=1 January 1980 |title=The Hunters and the Hunted: Adventures of Italian Naval Forces |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hGAG4QrnlPEC&q=the+hunters+and+the+hunted+aldo+cocchia |location= |publisher=Arno Press |page= |isbn=9780405130359}}</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:yR9nyOs2uc0J:www.viaggioadriatico.it/ViaggiADR/biblioteca_digitale/titoli/scheda_bibliografica.2007-04-18.4735789900/attachment_download/file+nembo+ignazio+castrogiovanni&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiDQAQwBbal98VS9xhZfWPGTU-izeMOKfFAnH7pnOwpDwQ_wQQKj7HWbPv2hVfaOyVdmoFaRh-z3pTBTES4114D5m5H-R3PmhTuYNZX1OTZL_LOT1hc5w7DjFwbeOZvmSO7g0hA&sig=AHIEtbSXXKULo35sMBvBzZv2O-rMzDKjng Powered by Google Documenti<!-- Titolo generato automaticamente -->].</ref>

==References==
{{commons category|Nembo (ship, 1901)|Italian destroyer Nembo (1901)}}
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book|last=Beehler|first=W. H.|title=The History of the Italian-Turkish War, September 29, 1911 to October 18, 1912|url=https://archive.org/download/historyofitalian00beehiala/historyofitalian00beehiala.pdf |year=1913|location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=William H. Beehler}} (reprinted from ''[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings]]'' of the [[United States Naval Institute]] with additions)
* {{cite book
  |first=Franco
  |last=Favre
  |title=La Marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico
  |trans-title=
  |language=it
  |ref={{sfnref|Favre}}
  }}

{{Nembo class destroyer}}
{{1912 shipwrecks}}
{{October 1916 shipwrecks}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Italian destroyer ''Nembo'' (1901)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nembo (1901)}}
[[Category:Nembo-class destroyers| ]]
[[Category:1901 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Naples]]
[[Category:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of Italy]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1912]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1916]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by Austro-Hungarian submarines]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Adriatic Sea]]

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Return to Italian destroyer Nembo (1901).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Nembo_(1901)"