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{{short description|Italian ''Nembo''-class destroyer}}
{{otherships|Italian destroyer Borea}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption=}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:RN Borea cacciatorpediniere 1902.jpg
|Ship caption=''Borea'' in 1914.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Italy]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy|naval}}
|Ship name=''Borea''
|Ship owner=
|Ship namesake=[[Boreas (god)|Boreas]], a god in [[Greek mythology]] who [[Personification|personifies]] the [[north wind]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Cantiere Pattison]], {{nowrap|[[Naples]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]}}
|Ship laid down=2 October 1899
|Ship launched=12 December 1902
|Ship completed=6 October 1903
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=1903
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship identification=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=Sunk 15 May 1917
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Destroyer]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|325|LT|t|abbr=on}} normal
*{{convert|380|LT|t|abbr=on}} full load
|Ship length=*{{convert|63.39|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[length between perpendiculars|pp]]
*{{convert|64.00|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
|Ship beam={{convert|5.94|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|2.29|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|vertical triple-expansion steam engines]]
*3× Thornycroft boilers
*{{convert|5000|ihp|kW|0|abbr=on|lk=in}}
|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=55
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*'''As built:'''
*5 × [[QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt|QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt 57 mm/43]] guns
*3 × {{convert|356|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s
*1 × 356 mm (14 in) [[Bow (ship)|bow]] torpedo tube
*'''1910:'''
*4 × [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|Cannon 76/40 (3 in) Model 1916]] guns
*4 x {{convert|450|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Borea''''' ("[[Boreas (god)|Boreas]]") was an Italian {{sclass|Nembo|destroyer|0}} [[destroyer]]. [[Ship commissioning|Commissioned]] into service in the Italian {{lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} (Royal Navy) in 1903, she served in the [[Italo-Turkish War]] and [[World War I]], playing an active role in the [[Adriatic Campaign of World War I|Adriatic campaign]] until she was sunk in 1917 during the [[Battle of the Strait of Otranto (1917)|Battle of the Strait of Otranto]].

==Construction, commissioning, and modernization==
''Borea'' was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] at the {{lang|it|[[Cantiere Pattison]]}} ({{langx|en|Pattison [[Shipyard]]}}) in [[Naples]], [[Italy]], on 2&nbsp;October&nbsp;1899. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 12&nbsp;December&nbsp;1902 and completed on 6&nbsp;October&nbsp;1903.<ref name=dreadnoughtproject>{{cite web |url=http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/Nembo_Class_Destroyer_(1901) |title=Nembo Class Destroyer (1912) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=dreadnoughtproject.org/ |publisher=The Dreadnought Project |access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref> She was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] in 1903.

At various times between 1909 and 1912, each of the ''Nembo''-class destroyers underwent a radical modernization; ''Borea''′s took place in 1910. Her [[coal]]-fired [[boiler]]s were converted into [[Fuel oil|oil]]-fired ones, and her original two short, squat [[Funnel (ship)|funnels]] were replaced with three smaller, more streamlined ones, profoundly altering her appearance. Her armament also changed, with her original five [[QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt|QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt 57 mm/43]] guns replaced by four [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|Cannon 76/40 (3 in) Model 1916]] guns, and her original four {{convert|356|mm|in|0|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s replaced by four {{convert|450|mm|in|1|adj=on}} tubes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=504518|title=Borea|publisher=Warships of World War II|language=cs, en|access-date=16 February 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412155536/http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=504518|archive-date=12 April 2013}}</ref><ref name = "Marina Militare">[http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/ABCD/borea01.aspx Marina Militare<!-- Title generated automatically -->].</ref> Sometime between 1914 and 1917, ''Borea'' underwent additional modifications in which [[minelaying]] equipment was installed aboard her.<ref name = "Marina Militare"/>

==Service history==
===Italo-Turkish War===
The [[Italo-Turkish War]] began on 29&nbsp;September&nbsp;1911 with the [[Kingdom of Italy]]′s [[declaration of war]] on the [[Ottoman Empire]]. ''Nembo'' was assigned at the time to the 2nd [[Squadron (naval)|Squadron]]'s 4th [[Division (naval)|Division]] along with her sister ships {{ship|Italian destroyer|Aquilone|1902|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Nembo|1901|2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Turbine|1901|2}} when the war broke out.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=10}}<ref name="Il Dodecaneso italiano">{{Cite web |url=http://altierospinelli.it/rivista/monografie/Il%20Dodecaneso%20italiano_Battaglia.pdf |title=Il Dodecaneso italiano |language=it |date=November 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} InternetArchiveBot.</ref> On 12&nbsp;July&nbsp;1912 she deployed to the [[Aegean Sea]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agenziabozzo.it/navi_da_guerra/C-Navi%20da%20Guerra/C-2920_RN_Borea_1902_cacciatorpediniere_a_macchine_ferme_1914.htm | title=RN Borea 1902 cacciatorpediniere in rada a macchine ferme<!-- Title generated automatically --> |language=it|website=Navi da guerra }}.</ref> where at 04:00 on 14&nbsp;July&nbsp;1912, she got underway from [[Stampalia]] in the [[Dodecanese]] with ''Borea'' and the [[armored cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Vettor Pisani||2}} to provide support to the torpedo boats {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Astore|1907|2}}, {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Centauro|1906|2}}, {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Climene|1909|2}}, {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Perseo|1905|2}}, and {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Spica|1905|2}} as they conducted a [[reconnaissance]] of the Dardanelles. The ships first steamed to the Italian-occupied island of [[Leros]] in the southern Aegean Sea, where the torpedo boats were prepared for the incursion. They then proceeded to [[Strati (island)|Strati]] (also known as Bozaba), where they arrived on 17&nbsp;July&nbsp;1912 and the officer who would command the torpedo boats during the operation joined the force. Delayed by bad weather, the force left Strati on the afternoon of 18&nbsp;July bound for the Dardanelles. While ''Borea'', ''Vettor Pisani'', and ''Nembo'' remained off the coast out of sight of land, the torpedo boats penetrated the Dardanelles, noting the location of Ottoman ships and the defenses of the strait. Suffering only slight damage and no casualties, the torpedo boats returned to ''Vettor Pisani'' during the predawn hours of 19&nbsp;July&nbsp;1912.<ref name="Il Dodecaneso italiano"/>{{sfn|Beehler|1913|pp=87, 89}} The war ended on 18&nbsp;October&nbsp;1912 in an Italian victory.

===World War I===
====1915====
[[World War I]] broke out in 1914, and the [[Kingdom of Italy]] entered the war on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] with its [[declaration of war]] on [[Austria-Hungary]] on 23&nbsp;May&nbsp;1915. At the time, ''Borea'', [[Commanding officer|under the command]] of ''Capitano di corvetta'' ([[Corvette captain|Corvette Captain]]) Pontremoli, as well as ''Aquilone'', ''Nembo'', ''Turbine'', and their sister ship {{ship|Italian destroyer|Espero|1904|2}} made up the 5th Destroyer Squadron, based at [[Taranto]].{{sfn|Favre|2008|pp=67, 97, 155–156, 201–202, 204, 209.}} On the night of 23–24&nbsp;May&nbsp;1915, the first night of Italy's participation in the war, ''Borea'' [[Towing|towed]] the [[submarine]] {{ship|Italian submarine|Nereide|1913|2}} across the [[Adriatic Sea]] to the coast of Austria-Hungary so that ''Nereide'' could lay in ambush off the major [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] base at [[Kotor|Cattaro]].{{sfn|Favre|2008|pp=67, 97, 155–156, 201–202, 204, 209.}}  

On the afternoon of 6&nbsp;December&nbsp;1915 ''Borea'', now under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' (Corvette Captain) Arese, the [[protected cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Quarto||2}}, the [[scout cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Guglielmo Pepe||2}}, the [[auxiliary cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Città di Catania||2}}, the [[minelayer]]s {{ship|Italian cruiser|Minerva||2}} and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Partenope||2}}, and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Francesco Nullo|1914|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Giuseppe Cesare Abba||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ippolito Nievo||2}} got underway from Taranto to escort a [[convoy]] consisting of the [[troopship]]s {{SS|America|1908|2}}, {{SS|Cordova||2}}, {{SS|Dante Alighieri||2}}, and {{SS|Indiana|1905|2}} and the military [[Transport (ship)|transport]] {{SS|Benghazi||2}} carrying 400 [[Commissioned officer|officers]], 6,300 [[non-commissioned officer]]s and soldiers, and 1,200 [[horse]]s from Italy to [[Vlorë]] (known to the Italians as Valona) in the [[Principality of Albania]]. The convoy reached Vlorë at 08:00 on 7&nbsp;December&nbsp;1915.<ref>[http://www.iantdexpeditions.com/spedizioni/in2007/stor22.htm Gallery INTREPIDO 2007<!-- Title generated automatically --> (in Italian)].</ref>

====1916====
In October&nbsp;1916 ''Borea'', ''Nembo'', the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ascaro||2}} and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Garibaldino||2}}, and four torpedo boats provided protection and support to a [[Amphibious warfare|landing force]] consisting of the armored cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Francesco Ferruccio||2}} and the [[Steamship|steamers]] ''[[SS Catania (1894)|Ausonia]]'', {{SS|Bulgaria|Italian steamer|2}}, {{SS|Choising||2}}, and {{SS|Polcevera||2}} sent to occupy [[Sarandë]] (known to the Italians as Santi Quaranta), in Albania. At 05:15 on 2&nbsp;October&nbsp;1916, four [[platoon]]s of sailors, a unit of [[miner]]s, and a unit of personnel from ''Francesco Ferruccio'' landed on the beach and quickly occupied the area, the 32 members of the [[Kingdom of Greece|Greek]] garrison at Sarandë having no option other than to retreat after protesting the Italian operation. After disembarking an [[infantry]] [[battalion]] and a [[cavalry]] [[Squadron (army)|squadron]], the steamers departed at 16:00 on 2&nbsp;October for Vlorë, where they embarked more troops. On 3&nbsp;October, ''Ausonia'' and ''Polcevera'' landed a [[pack artillery]] [[Artillery battery|battery]] and a second cavalry squadron, and on 4&nbsp;October the operation was completed when ''Bulgaria'' and ''Choising'' put another infantry battalion and a third cavalry squadron ashore.{{sfn|Favre|2008|pp=67, 97, 155–156, 201–202, 204, 209.}}

====Battle of the Strait of Otranto====

At 10:00 on 14&nbsp;May&nbsp;1917 ''Borea'' departed [[Gallipoli]] to escort a convoy made up of the steamships {{SS|Bersagliere||2}}, {{SS|Carroccio||2}}, and {{SS|Verità||2}} to Vlorë. At around 03:30 on 15&nbsp;May, shortly after the convoy turned to a heading of 310 degrees to proceed toward Vlorë, ''Borea'' sighted two unidentified destroyers. The ships ''Borea'' sighted were the Austro-Hungarian destroyers {{SMS|Balaton||2}} and {{SMS|Csepel||2}}, which had been sent to attack Allied convoys as a diversionary action in support of an Austro-Hungarian Navy attack by the [[light cruiser]]s {{SMS|Helgoland|1912|2}}, {{SMS|Novara||2}}, and {{SMS|Saida||2}} on the [[Otranto Barrage]], an [[Antisubmarine warfare|antisubmarine]] barrier in the [[Strait of Otranto]]. ''Balation'' and ''Csepel'' had sighted the Italian convoy at 03:06 Austrian time (which differed from Italian time), and were steering to attack it. After closing the range to around {{convert|1,000|m|yd|sigfig=2}}, ''Borea'', still uncertain about the identity of the two ships, made [[recognition signal]]s. In response ''Csepel'' opened gunfire. ''Borea'' maneuvered to make a [[torpedo]] attack against ''Csepel'', but ''Csepel'' scored a hit that burst one of ''Borea''′s steam pipes, immobilizing her. ''Csepel'' then hit ''Borea'' with two [[Shell (projectile)|shells]] which struck near her [[waterline]], and ''Borea'' began to [[Angle of list|list]]. ''Borea'' then took a shell hit on her [[Bow (ship)|bow]]. In the meantime, ''Balaton'' attacked the [[merchant ship]]s of the convoy. ''Carroccio'' and ''Verità'' caught fire and their crews abandoned ship; ''Carroccio'' sank later, but ''Verità'' remained afloat and eventually reached port. ''Bersagliere'' suffered only slight damage and escaped.{{sfn|Favre|2008|pp=67, 97, 155–156, 201–202, 204, 209.}}

The clash, a part of the larger [[Battle of the Strait of Otranto (1917)|Battle of the Strait of Otranto]], the largest naval action of the [[Adriatic Campaign of World War I]], ended at 03:45 when the two Austro-Hungarian ships withdrew. ''Borea''′s crew abandoned ship, and she sank 05:20 on 15&nbsp;May&nbsp;1917. Her crew suffered 11 men killed and 12 wounded.{{sfn|Favre|2008|pp=67, 97, 155–156, 201–202, 204, 209.}}

==References==
{{commons category|Borea (ship, 1902)|Italian destroyer Borea (1902)}}
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book|last=Beehler|first=W. H.|title=The History of the Italian-Turkish War, September 29, 1911 to October 18, 1912|url=https://archive.org/download/historyofitalian00beehiala/historyofitalian00beehiala.pdf |year=1913|location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=William H. Beehler }} (reprinted from ''[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings]]'' of the [[United States Naval Institute]] with additions)
* {{cite book
  |first=Franco
  |last=Favre
  |title=La Marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico
  |trans-title=
  |language=it
  |date=2008
  |publisher=Gaspari
  |isbn=9788875411350
  }}

{{Nembo class destroyer}}
{{May 1917 shipwrecks}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Italian destroyer ''Borea'' (1902)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Borea (1902)}}
[[Category:Nembo-class destroyers| ]]
[[Category:1902 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Naples]]
[[Category:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of Italy]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1917]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Adriatic Sea]]

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Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/whitelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/langx (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Military navigation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WPSHIPS utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Italian destroyer Borea (1902).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Borea_(1902)"