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{{Short description|H-class destroyer of the Royal Navy}}
{{other ships| HMS Havock}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Hasty.jpg
|Ship caption=[[Sister ship]] {{HMS|Hasty|H24|6}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name= ''Havock''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[William Denny & Brothers]], [[Dumbarton]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=15 May 1935
|Ship launched= July 1936
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=16 January 1937
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: H43
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Ran aground and wrecked, 6 April 1942
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=as built
|Ship class=[[G and H-class destroyer|H-class]] [[destroyer]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|1350|LT|t|lk=on}} ([[Standard displacement|standard]])
* {{convert|1883|LT|t}} ([[deep load]])
|Ship length={{convert|323|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|33|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|12|ft|5|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*{{convert|34000|shp|lk=on|abbr=on}}
* 3 [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s
|Ship propulsion=2 shafts, 2 geared [[steam turbine]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|36|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|5530|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|15|kn}}
|Ship complement=137 (peacetime), 146 (wartime)
|Ship sensors=[[ASDIC]]
|Ship armament=*4 × single [[4.7 inch QF Mark IX|4.7&nbsp;in (120&nbsp;mm) guns]]
* 2 × quadruple [[Vickers .50 machine gun|{{cvt|0.5|in|1}}]] [[anti-aircraft machinegun|AA machineguns]]
* 2 × quadruple [[British 21 inch torpedo|{{cvt|21|in|0}}]] [[torpedo tubes]]
* 20 × [[depth charge]]s, 1 rail and 2 throwers
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''HMS ''Havock''''' was an [[G and H-class destroyer|H-class]] [[destroyer]] built for the British [[Royal Navy]] in the mid-1930s. During the [[Spanish Civil War]] of 1936–1939, the ship enforced the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides as part of the [[Mediterranean Fleet]]. During the first few months of the [[World War II|Second World War]], ''Havock'' searched for German [[commerce raider]]s in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and participated in the [[First Battle of Narvik]] during the [[Norwegian Campaign]] of April–June 1940 before she was transferred back to the Mediterranean Fleet in May where she escorted a number of [[Malta Convoys|convoys to Malta]]. The ship took part in the [[Battle of Cape Spada]] in July 1940, the [[Battle of Cape Matapan]] in March 1941 and the evacuation of [[Greece]] in April 1941. She was damaged during the Battle of Crete the following month, but participated in the [[Syria–Lebanon Campaign]] in June.

''Havock'' began escorting supply convoys in June to [[Tobruk]], [[Libya]] until the ship was damaged in October. She was repaired in time to escort a convoy to Malta during the [[First Battle of Sirte]] in December and was badly damaged by the Italian battleship [[Italian battleship Littorio|''Littorio'']] whilst protecting another convoy during the [[Second Battle of Sirte]] in March 1942. Repairs were attempted in [[Malta]], but the ship was further damaged in an air raid in early April. The Admiralty decided that further attempts to repair her at Malta were pointless and ordered her to [[Gibraltar]] for permanent repairs. On 6 April, while on passage to Gibraltar, ''Havock'' ran aground near [[Cape Bon]], [[Tunisia]], and her crew was interned by the [[Vichy France|Vichy French]] at [[Laghouat prison camp|Laghouat]] in the [[Sahara]].

==Description==
''Havock'' displaced {{convert|1350|LT|t|lk=on}} at [[Displacement (ship)|standard]] load and {{convert|1883|LT|t}} at [[deep load]]. The ship had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|323|ft|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|33|ft|m|1}} and a [[draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|12|ft|5|in|m|1}}. She was powered by [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] geared [[steam turbine]]s, driving two shafts, which developed a total of {{convert|34000|shp|lk=on}} and gave a maximum speed of {{convert|36|kn|lk=in}}. Steam for the turbines was provided by three [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s. ''Havock'' carried a maximum of {{convert|470|LT|t}} of [[fuel oil]] that gave her a range of {{convert|5530|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}. The ship's complement was 137 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]] in peacetime,<ref name=w78>Whitley, p. 109</ref> but this increased to 146 in wartime.<ref>English, pp. 89, 102</ref>

The ship mounted four 45-[[caliber (artillery)|calibre]] [[4.7 inch QF Mark XII|4.7-inch Mk IX guns]] in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. For [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] (AA) defence, ''Havock'' had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the [[Vickers .50 machine gun|Vickers {{cvt|0.5|in|1}}]] [[anti-aircraft machinegun|AA machineguns]]. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple [[torpedo tube]] mounts for [[British 21 inch torpedo|21-inch]] torpedoes.<ref name=w78/> One [[depth charge]] rail and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began.<ref>English, p. 141</ref> By mid-1940, this had increased to 44 depth charges.<ref>Friedman, p. 235</ref>

===Wartime modifications===
Most ships of ''Havock''{{'}}s class had the rear torpedo tubes replaced by a [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pounder]] [[AA gun]] after the [[evacuation of Dunkirk]] in 1940, but it is not clear if she received this modification. Other changes may have included exchanging her two quadruple 0.50-calibre Vickers machine gun mounts between her funnels for two [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|{{convert|20|mm|1|adj=on|sp=us}} Oerlikon]] AA guns, the addition of two Oerlikon guns to her [[searchlight]] platform and another pair on the wings of the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]].<ref>Lenton, pp. 160–161</ref>

==Construction and career==
Ordered on 13 December 1934 from [[William Denny & Brothers]], ''Havock'' was [[Keel laying|laid down]] at their shipyard at [[Dumbarton]], [[Scotland]] on 15 May 1935. She was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 7 July 1936 and completed on 16 January 1937. Excluding government-furnished equipment like the armament, the ship cost £248,470.<ref>English, pp. 102–103</ref>

''Havock'' was assigned to the [[2nd Destroyer Flotilla]] of the Mediterranean Fleet upon commissioning. She patrolled Spanish waters during the Spanish Civil War enforcing the policies of the [[Non-Intervention Committee]]. On the night of 31 August/1 September 1937, she was unsuccessfully attacked by the {{ship|Italian submarine|Iride}} with torpedoes, between the [[Gulf of Valencia]] and the [[Balearic Islands]]. The ship was refitted in Gibraltar between 19 October and 13 November and required repairs between 16 April and 6 May 1938 after hitting the stone side of a [[quay]]. ''Havock'' was given a brief refit at [[Sheerness|Sheerness Dockyard]] between 15 and 26 August 1939 before returning to Gibraltar.<ref name=e5>English, p. 105</ref>

===World War II===
The ship sailed to [[Freetown]], [[Sierra Leone]] on 30 August and arrived on 4 September to search for German commerce raiders. She was transferred back to the UK in November for a more thorough refit at Sheerness between 18 December and 23 March 1940. In the meantime, the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla had been assigned to the Home Fleet and ''Havock'' rejoined them when her refit was finished.<ref name=e5/> On 6 April ''Havock'' and the rest of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla escorted the four destroyer [[minelayer]]s of the [[20th Destroyer Flotilla]] as they sailed to implement [[Operation Wilfred]], an operation to lay [[Naval mine|mines]] in the [[Vestfjorden (Norway)|Vestfjord]] to prevent the transport of Swedish [[iron ore]] from [[Narvik]] to Germany. The mines were laid on the early morning of 8 April, before the Germans began their invasion, and the destroyers joined the [[battlecruiser]] {{HMS|Renown|1916|2}} and her escorts.<ref>Haarr, pp. 65, 308, 337</ref>

During the First Battle of Narvik on 10 April 1940, ''Havock'' and four other H-class ships of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla attacked the [[Kriegsmarine|German]] destroyers that had transported [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German]] troops to occupy Narvik in northern [[Norway]] the previous day. The [[flotilla leader]] {{HMS|Hardy|H87|2}} led four of her [[sister ship|half-sisters]] down [[Ofotfjord]] in a surprise dawn attack on Narvik harbour during a blinding snowstorm. {{HMS|Hotspur|H01|2}} and {{HMS|Hostile|H55|2}} were initially left at the entrance, but ''Havock'' was third into the harbour and fired five of her torpedoes into the mass of shipping. One torpedo hit the {{ship|German destroyer|Z22 Anton Schmitt||6}} in the stern. In addition, the ship hit {{ship|German destroyer|Z18 Hans Lüdemann||2}} twice with {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} shells. As the British ships were withdrawing, they encountered five German destroyers at close range. Two of the German ships [[Crossing the T|crossed the T]] of the British ships and quickly set ''Hardy'' on fire and forced her to run aground. ''Havock'' was next in line and fired torpedoes at the German destroyers, but they all missed. She was hit in return, but not significantly damaged. In the confusion and limited visibility, ''Havock'' pulled out of the line to find out what happened to ''Hardy'' and to protect the rear of the British formation from the other three German destroyers in pursuit, but then had to then to turn again to allow her rear guns to fire when her forward guns failed. ''Havock'' and ''Hostile'' turned back to protect their badly damaged sister, ''Hotspur'', and all three continued to withdraw down the Ofotfjord. En route, they encountered the German supply ship ''Rauenfels'', loaded with artillery and ammunition, whose crew ran her aground and abandoned ship after ''Hostile'' fired at the ship. A boarding party from ''Havock'' found the ship on fire and she blew up after the ship fired two shells into her.<ref>Haarr, pp. 340–348</ref> The ship remained in Norwegian waters until May, when she escorted the [[light cruiser]] {{HMS|Birmingham|C19|2}} on an unsuccessful sweep of the [[North Sea]] looking for German ships, early in the month.<ref>Rohwer, pp. 21, 23</ref>

[[File:Bartolomeo Colleoni seen from HMS Havock.jpg|thumb|''Bartolomeo Colleoni'' seen from ''Havock'']]
''Havock'' was assigned to the [[Nore Command]] shortly afterwards and bombarded German troops occupying [[Waalhaven]] Airfield on 10 May together with her sister {{HMS|Hyperion|H97|2}}. She rescued survivors from the sunken ferry ''Prinses Juliana'' off the Dutch coast and returned them to the Hook of Holland where she recovered a number of British demolition parties. On 16 May, the ship was ordered to reinforce the Mediterranean Fleet at Malta and was assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla. During the Battle of Cape Spada on 19 July, the ship escorted the Australian light cruiser {{HMAS|Sydney|D48|6}} and rescued some of the 525 survivors from the {{ship|Italian cruiser|Bartolomeo Colleoni}} together with the other escorting destroyers. Her boiler room was flooded after an attack by Italian aircraft after this battle and she was repaired at [[Suez]] from 29 July to 15 September. ''Havock'' and her sister {{HMS|Hasty|H24|2}} surprised the {{ship|Italian submarine|Berillo}} on the surface on 2 October off the coast of Egypt and forced her to scuttle herself.<ref name=e14>English, pp. 104–106</ref> The destroyers rescued 47 survivors between them.<ref name=e14/>

''Havock'' was engaged on escort duties for the next six months, including escorting the carrier {{HMS|Illustrious|87|2}} during the [[Battle of Taranto]] on the night of 11/12 November,<ref>Rohwer, p. 52</ref> aside from a refit in Malta from 22 December to 20 February 1941.<ref name=e6>English, p. 106</ref> During the Battle of Cape Matapan, she torpedoed and sank the {{ship|Italian destroyer|Vittorio Alfieri}} on 28 March.<ref>O'Hara, pp. 96–97</ref> The ship [[Battle of Greece#Evacuation of Commonwealth forces|evacuated Commonwealth troops from Greece]] at the end of April and was one of three destroyers escorting the light cruiser {{HMS|Ajax|22|2}} when they bombarded [[Benghazi]] on the night of 7/8 May.<ref>UK, Admiralty Historical Section, pp. 82, 98</ref> ''Havock'' was damaged by dive bombers on 23 May, killing 15 and wounding 10 men,<ref>Shores, Cull & Malizi, p. 409</ref> after a patrol off [[Heraklion]], [[Crete]]. She was under repair at Alexandria until 16 June.<ref name=e6/> The ship bombarded Vichy French positions in [[Lebanon]] in early July<ref>Rohwer, p. 78</ref> and then began escorting ships to Tobruk until October when her propeller shafts and propellers were damaged. ''Havock'' was under repair from 21 October to 4 December at Alexandria.<ref name=e6/>

In mid-December, the ship escorted the supply ship {{MV|Breconshire||2}} to Malta during the brief engagement known as First Battle of Sirte and then joined [[Force K]] in an attempt to intercept an Italian convoy to [[Tripoli, Libya]]. On the night of 18/19 December, the reinforced Force K ran over an Italian minefield that sank one cruiser and damaged two others. ''Havock'' escorted the badly damaged light cruiser {{HMS|Aurora|12|2}} back to Malta.<ref>UK, Admiralty Historical Section, pp. 220–24</ref> ''Havock'' was one of four destroyers that escorted ''Breconshire'' back to Alexandria in early January 1942.<ref name=e6/> Whilst escorting another convoy to Malta, the ship was diverted to escort the damaged freighter ''Thermoplylae'' from Benghazi back to Alexandria but the latter was attacked and sunk en route by Axis aircraft on 19 January. ''Havock'' rescued some 350 survivors before ''Thermoplylae'' sank.<ref>Rohwer, p. 136</ref>

The ship was transferred to the 22nd Destroyer Flotilla in February and continued to escort convoys to Malta.<ref name=e6/> On 22 March 1942, several splinters from a 15-inch (38&nbsp;cm) near miss from the Italian battleship ''Littorio'' perforated one of her boilers during the Second Battle of Sirte, killing eight men.  ''Havock'' was forced to make for Malta for repairs.<ref>O'Hara, p. 166</ref> Whilst in dock, the ship was a target for Axis aircraft and sustained some damage on 3 April and was ordered to Gibraltar before her repairs were complete. ''Havock'' ran aground off [[Kelibia]], Tunisia, in the [[Strait of Sicily]] on 6 April and was wrecked, with one crewman killed in the incident. Her crew and passengers were interned by the [[Vichy France|Vichy French]] at Laghouat in the Sahara but were released in November as a result of [[Operation Torch]].<ref>[http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80021093 IWM interview of John Laraway] on 28 November 2001 at iwm.org.uk (web site of the [[Imperial War Museum]]), accessed 6 July 2013</ref><ref name=e6/> Her wreck was later torpedoed by the Italian submarine [[Italian submarine Aradam|''Aradam'']].<ref>Rohwer, p. 157</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last=English|first=John|title=Amazon to Ivanhoe: British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s|year=1993|publisher=World Ship Society|location=Kendal, UK|isbn=0-905617-64-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59114-081-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Haarr|first=Geirr H.|title=The German Invasion of Norway, April 1940|year=2009|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-310-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/germaninvasionof00geir}}
* {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7}}
* {{cite book|last=O'Hara|first=Vincent P.|title=Struggle for the Middle Sea: The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940–1945|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59114-648-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Shores|first=Christopher |author2=Cull, Brian |author3=Malizia, Nicola|title=Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete |publisher=Grub Street|location=London|year=1987|isbn=0-948817-07-0 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean: November 1940 – December 1941|publisher=United Kingdom, Admiralty Historical Section |edition=Whitehall History in association with Frank Cass|location=London|year=2002|series=Whitehall Histories, Naval Staff Histories |volume=II|isbn=0-7146-5205-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Roskill |first=S. W. |author-link=Stephen Roskill |series=[[History of the Second World War]] United Kingdom Military Series: The War at Sea 1939–1945 |title=The Period of Balance |volume=II |pages=58, 339 |publisher=[[HMSO]] |location=London |year=1956 |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RN-II/index.html |access-date=6 September 2017 |oclc=174453986}}
* {{cite book |last=Goodey |first=David |title=Destroyer at War: The Fighting Life and Loss of HMS Havock from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean 1939–42 |year=2017 |publisher=Frontline Books|location=S. Yorkshire |url=https://www.everand.com/read/446503155/Destroyer-at-War-The-Fighting-Life-and-Loss-of-HMS-Havock-from-the-Atlantic-to-the-Mediterranean-1939-42 |access-date=19 Oct 2024 |ISBN=978-1526709028}}

==External links==
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80010268 IWM Interview with survivor Harry Jenkins]

{{G and H class destroyer}}
{{April 1942 shipwrecks}}
{{coord|36|52|18|N|11|8|24|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Havock (H43)}}
[[Category:G and H-class destroyers of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]]
[[Category:1936 ships]]
[[Category:World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in April 1942]]

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Havock_(H43)"