Paestum

Paestum

Paestum in Italia

Paestum,^[1] olim Posidonia^[1] (Ποσειδωνία) dicta, fuit urbs Italiae in Lucania ad mare Tyrrhenum sita. Antiquitate celebrabatur propter rosas, quae uno anno bis nascebantur, itaque Vergilius "biferique rosaria Paesti" cecinit.^[2]

Condita est nomine Posidonia a colonis Graecis, ab urbe Sybari profectis, exeunte saeculo VII a.C.n., mature a Lucanis capta et Παιστός nominata, ad quam anno 273 a.C.n. Romani coloniam Latinam Paestum deduxerunt. Saeculo V vel ante sedes episcopalis (nunc titularis) factus est. Sed paulatim portus limo oppletus est, et ob aërem minus salubrem coepit incolarum numerus imminui adeo ut prope deserta fieret; a Saracenis denique est eversa.^[3]

In ruinis Paesti iacent tria templa, circiter inter 600 et 450 a.C.n. constructa, quae Doricae architecturae formam prae se ferunt et Iunone, Minervae, et Iove aut Apollini dicata sunt (olim scriptores haec aliter interpretabantur). Moenia et amphitheatrum plerumque integra sunt, et exstant vestigia aliorum aedificiorum et viarum stratarum.^[4]

Hodie Paestum est pars communis Calpatii-Paesti in provincia Salernitana. Variae reliquiae in Museo nationali archaeologico Paestano conservantur.

• Architectura Graeca

• Cerchiai, Luca; Jannelli, Lorena; Longo, Fausto, eds. (2004). The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily. Translated from Italian by the J. Paul Getty Trust. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications. ISBN 978-0-89236-751-1 
• Ceserani, Giovanna, Italy's Lost Greece: Magna Graecia and the Making of Modern Archaeology, 2012, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-987679-2, Google books
• Amato, Vincenzo (2009). "Geomorphology and geoarchaeology of the Paestum area: modifications of the physical environment in historical times". Méditerranée (112) 
• Bunbury, Edward Herbert (1854). "Paestum". In Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography 
• Cipriani, Marina (1996). The Lucanians in Paestum. Sirene. 1. Paestum: Fondazione Paestum. ISBN 978-88-86884-02-0 
• Greco, Emanuele (2006). Archaeological and Historical Guide to the Excavations, the Museum and the Antiquities of Poseidonia and Paestum. Taranto: Scorpione editrice 
• Greco, Emanuele (1993). Paestum: A Guide with Reconstructions of Ancient Monuments. Past & Present. 171. Vision SRL. ISBN 978-88-8162-016-6 
• Higginbotham, James (2012). "Paestum (Poseidonia)". The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4443-3838-6 
• Horsnaes, Helle W. (2002). The Cultural Development in North Western Lucania c. 600–273 BC. Analecta Romana Instituti Danici Supplementum. 28. Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider. ISBN 978-88-8265-194-7 
• Pedley, John Griffiths (1990). Paestum: Greek and Romans in Southern Italy. New Aspects of Antiquity. London, England: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-39027-6 
• Strabo, Geographica 6.1
• Wilton-Ely, John, The Mind and Art of Giovanni Battista Piranesi, 1978, Thames & Hudson, London, ISBN 0-500-09122-6
• Wonder, John W. (2002). "What Happened to the Greeks in Lucanian-Occupied Paestum? Multiculturalism in Southern Italy". Phoenix 56 (1/2): 40–55 

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Paestum spectant.

• Situs Musei Archaeologicum Nationalis Paestani (Italiane, Anglice)
• De Paesto in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (1976) (Anglice)