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[[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]]

'''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; id enim [[ester]] ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. 

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]]
[[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda investigationes effectuum ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' [[fungus|fungi]] ad functiones corporis physiologicos organorum descriptae sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Vero, acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius ab anno 1914 a Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relationis inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem destinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat.

== Natura chemica ==
Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]],  [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format.
<gallery>
Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]]
Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]]
Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylo cholinum
</gallery>

== Systema cholinergicum ==
[[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|muscularum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]]
Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus synapses cholinergicae vel receptoria cholinergica insunt.
* [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum,
* [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum.
Inveniuntur in [[mammalia]] in eorum systemate nervorum et [[systema nervosum centralie|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est 
* mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|muscularum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum). 
Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: 
* neurona motorica, imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], 
* [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut 
* [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]].

== Medicamenta anticholinergica ==
Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt.

Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: Periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>.

== Notae ==
<references />

== Bibliographia ==
=== Historia === 
* {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}}
* {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}}
* {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}}

=== Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum ===
* {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Antagonista muscarinica]]
* [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]]
* [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]]

== Nexus externus==
* [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis]

[[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]]
[[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]]

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Receptum de "https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinum"