Ala ugbo

Ala ugbo na-abụkarị ala etinyere n'ọrụ ugbo, iji usoro ndụ ndị ọzọ na-achịkwa na nke a na-achịkwa—karịsịa ịzụ anụ ụlọ na imepụta ihe ọkụkụ—iji na-emepụta nri ụmụ mmadụ. Ọ na-adịkarị otu ala ubi ma ọ bụ ala ubi, yana ebe ịta nri ma ọ bụ ala ahịhịa.

Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (FAO) na ndị ọzọ na-agbaso nkọwa ya, Otú ọ dị, na-ejikwa ala ugbo ma ọ bụ agricultural area dị ka okwu nka, ebe ọ pụtara nchịkọta nke:

• ala a na-akọ ugbo (nke a makwaara dị ka ala a na'ubi): ebe a kọwapụtara ya ka ọ na-ezo aka n'ala na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ nke chọrọ ka a kụọ ya kwa afọ ma ọ bụ ala ịta ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ebe ịta ahụhịa maka ihe ọkụkụ dị otú ahụ n'ime afọ ise ọ bụla
• ala a na-akọ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide: ala na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ nke na-adịghị achọ ka a kụọ ya kwa afọ
• Ebe ịta nri na-adịgide adịgide: ịta ahịhịaala ahịhịa dị iche iche nwere ike iji mee ihe maka ịta anụ ụlọ

N'ihi ya, echiche a nke "ala ọrụ ugbo" gụnyere ọtụtụ ala na-abụghị maka ọrụ ugbo. Ala ahụ n'ezie n'okpuru ihe ọkụkụ a kụrụ kwa afọ n'afọ ọ bụla ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ sown land ma ọ bụ ala e kụrụ akụ. "Ala a na-akọ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide" na-agụnye osisi ndị a na-akụ maka owuwe ihe ubi kọfị, rọba, ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ osisi mana ọ bụghị ugbo osisi ma ọ bụ oké ọhịa kwesịrị ekwesị a na-eji eme osisi ma ọ dị mma. A na-akpọ ala a pụrụ iji rụọ ọrụ ugbo cultivable land. A na-eji ala ugbo, ka ọ dị ugbu a, eme ihe n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche na-ezo aka n'ala ugbo niile, ala a na-akọ ugbo niile a na-arụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ naanị na mmetụta ọhụrụ [ịkọwapụta dị mkpa] nke "ala a na-akụ ugbo".  Dabere na ojiji o ji mmiri aka mee, enwere ike kewaa "ala ọrụ ugbo" nke FAO n'ala a na-ịgba mmiri na ala a na-adịghị agba mmiri.

N'ihe gbasara mpaghara, ala ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ala ọrụ ugpo na-ezo aka na ala ndị a na-ekwe ka e jiri ya mee ihe maka ọrụ ugbo, n'agbanyeghị ojiji ya ugbu a ma ọ bụ ọbụna iru eru. N'ebe ụfọdụ, a na-echebe ala ugbo ka e wee nwee ike ịkọ ya n'enweghị ihe egwu ọ bụla nke mmepe. The Agricultural Land Reserve na British Columbia na Canada, dịka ọmụmaatụ, chọrọ nkwado site na Agricultural Land Commission tupu ewepụ ma ọ bụ kewaa ala ya.

• Ngụkọta nke ala eji emepụta nri: square kilomita 49,116,227 ma ọ bụ square kilomita 18,963,88149,116,227 square kilomita ma ọ bụ 18,963,881 square kilomita
• Ala a na-akọ ugbo: 13,963,743 square kilomita ma ọ bụ 5,391,431 square kilomita
• Ebe ịta nri na-adịgide adịgide: square kilomita 33,585,676 ma ọ bụ square kilomita 12,967,50233,585,676 square kilomita ma ọ bụ 12,967,502 square kilomita
• Ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide: 1,537,338 square kilomita ma ọ bụ 593,570 square kilomita

N'afọ 2021, ala ugbo zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ 4.79 ijeri hekta (ha), site na pasent 2, ma ọ bụ 0.09 ijeri hekita ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ 2000. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ala ugbo niile bụ ala a na-akọ ugbo (1.58 ijeri hekta na 2021), nke ji pasent 6 (0.09 ijeri hekita) mụbaa. ^[2]

Eshia nwere òkè kachasị ukwuu n'ógbè a na-akọ ugbo n'ụwa niile na 2021 (pasent 37), na-esote Amerịka (pasent 24), Africa (pasent 19), Europe (pasent 18) na Oceania (pasent 2). E nwere ọdịiche na mgbasawanye ala ihe ọkụkụ na mpaghara dị iche iche n'oge a - Oceania na Africa nwere uto ngwa ngwa na mpaghara ala ihe ọkpọ (33 percent na 27 percent), ebe Eshia na Amerịka nwere uto dị mma (4 percent na 2 percent). Ebe a na-akọ ugbo na Europe jiri pasent 5 belata n'etiti afọ 2000 na 2021. Ka ọ na-ebilite, mpaghara ọrụ ugbo nke Africa karịrị nke Europe na 2018. ^[3]

Enwere ike ịchọta ihe dị ka pasent 30 nke ala a na-akọ ugbo n'ụwa niile na ala ahịhịa na-adịgide adịgide na mba atọ. N'afọ 2021, pasent 12 nke ala ahịhịa na ahịhịhịa zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ nke China, pasent 10 bụ nke Australia, na pasent 8 bụ nke United States of America. N'otu afọ ahụ, òkè kachasị ukwuu nke ala a na-akọ ugbo n'ụwa niile dị na India (pasent 11), United States of America (pasent 10) na China (pasent 8).

Mpaghara ihe ọkụkụ kwa onye belatara na mpaghara niile n'etiti afọ 2000 na 2021 ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa karịa mpaghara ihe ọkụkụ. Nkezi ụwa jiri pasent 18 gbadata ruo 0.20 hectare kwa onye isi ala 2021; mbelata ahụ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu n'Africa (-25, ruo 0.21 hectare kwa mmadụ), Amerịka na Eshia sochiri ya (-17 percent nke ọ bụla, ruo 0.37 hectare kwa nwoke, na 0.13 hectare kwa nwanyị, n'otu n'otu), Europe na Oceania (-7 percent nke ọ bụ, ruo 0.39 haper capita na 0.77 hectare kwa afọ, n'usoro). Mba ndị nwere ala a na-akọ ugbo kachasị elu bụ Kazakhstan, Australia na Canada, n'ihi nnukwu ala dịnụ.^[3]

N'ụwa niile, ngụkọta nke ahịhịa na-adịgide adịgide dị ka FAO si kwuo anọwo na-ebelata kemgbe 1998, ^[4] n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi mbelata nke mmepụta ajị anụ maka mmasị nke eriri aka (dị ka polyester) na ogho. ^[5]

Otú ọ dị, mbelata nke ebe ịta ahịhịa na-adịgide adịgide anaghị akọwapụta mgbanwe zuru oke (dịka ala e kpochapụrụ maka ọrụ ugbo n'ebe ụfọdụ, mgbe a gbanwere ya site na ọrụ ugbo gaa na ọrụ ndị ọzọ n'ebe ndị ọzọ) na nyocha zuru ezu egosila nke a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Lark et al. chọpụtara na na United States, ala a na-akọ ugbo mụbara site na nde .98 site na 2008 ruo 2012 (nke gụnyere nde 7.34 acres (29,700 km2 gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ugbo, na nde 4.36 acres (17,600 km2) gbanpụtara site na ọrụ ugbo). ^[6]

Ebe e si nweta ya: Helgi Library, ^[7] World Bank, FAOSTAT

Ọnụ ahịa na ụgwọ ụlọ maka ala ubi na-adabere na ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ.

Ọnụ ahịa / mgbazinye ego na-ebili mgbe ọkọnọ nke ala ubi n'ahịa na-ebelata. Ndị nwe ala wee tinyekwuo ala n'ahịa - na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa daa. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọnụ ahịa ala / ụgwọ ụlọ na-ada mgbe ọchịchọ nke ala ubi na-adalata n'ihi ọdịda na nloghachi site na ijide na iji ya. Ihe na-ebute ozugbo maka ọdịda nke ịchọ ala nwere ike ịbụ mbelata n'ọchịchọ a na-emepụta ihe ubi ma ọ bụ na enyemaka gọọmentị dị mkpa na enyemaka ụtụ isi..^[8]

Ọnụ ala ugbo Rọshịa dị ntakịrị ka €1,500–2,000 (£1,260–1,680) kwa hectare (ha) (£1,260–1,680). Nke a dị ọnụ ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere ya. A na-ere ala ubi na-adịghị mma na France na Spain na ihe na-erughị € 10,000 / ha..   ^{[citation needed]}

Nkezi ugbo ndị Russia ruru hectare 150 (acres 370). Ihe ọkụkụ kachasị ewu ewu na Russia bụ ọka wit, ọka bali, ọka, osikapa, beet sugar, soy agwa, sunflower, poteto na akwụkwọ nri. Ndị ọrụ ugbo Rọshịa na-ewe ihe ruru nde tọn ọka 85-90 kwa afọ n'ime afọ 2010. Russia na-ebupụ ihe ka ukwuu n'Ijipt, Turkey na Iran na 2012; China bụkwa nnukwu ahịa mbupụ. Nkezi mkpụrụ sitere na mpaghara Krasnodar dị n'etiti tonne 4 na 5 kwa ha, ebe nkezi Russia bụ naanị 2t/ha. Otu Basic Element Group, otu nke Oleg Deripaska nwere, bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ugbo na Russia, ma nwee ma ọ bụ jikwaa 109,000ha nke ala ugbo Russia, n'ime 90m n'ezie na 115m (0.12% n'ezie) ^[9]

N'afọ 2013, Ukraine nọ n'ọnọdụ nke atọ na mmepụta ọka na nke isii na mmepụta wheat.^[10] Ọ bụ onye isi na-eweta ọka, ọka wit, na ndina n'ike na Europe, ^[10] ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma a na-agụnye ihe ndị dị n'ime mba dị ka France na ngụkọta a. Ndị ọrụ ugbo Ukraine na-enweta 60% nke mmepụta kwa mpaghara nke ndị asọmpi ha na North America.^[10] UkrLandFarming PLC [nchọpụta dị mkpa] na-emepụta, site na 650,000 hekta (1.6m acres), ọka, ọka wit, ọka bali, sugar beet, na sunflowers.^[10]  Ruo n'afọ 2014, isi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ukraine bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Crimea nke Sevastopol . ^[10]

Ala ugbo dị na Illinois bara uru, ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2018, na $ 26,000 kwa hekta.^[11] Ọnụ ahịa ala a na-akọ ugbo na Midwest dị ka data 2020 sitere na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke US bụ $ 4,607 kwa acre (ihe dị ka $ 11,000 kwa hekta).^[12]

• Iwu ala England
• Onye ọrụ ugbo
• Iwere ala

1. ↑ Agricultural area over the long-term. Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved on 15 February 2020.
2. ↑ World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (en). FAODocuments. DOI:10.4060/cc8166en. Retrieved on 2023-12-13.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (en). FAODocuments. DOI:10.4060/cc8166en. Retrieved on 2023-12-13. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":142" defined multiple times with different content
4. ↑ Poore, Joseph (January 2016). "Call for conservation: Abandoned pasture". Science 351 (6269): 132. DOI:10.1126/science.351.6269.132-a. PMID 26744398. 
5. ↑ Back to the wild: How nature is reclaiming farmland. newscientist.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved on 2018-05-02.
6. ↑ Lark (2015). "Cropland expansion outpaces agricultural and biofuel policies in the United States". Environmental Research Letters 10 (4): 044003. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/10/4/044003. 
7. ↑ HelgiLibrary - Agricultural Land Area. helgilibrary.com. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved on 2014-02-12.
8. ↑ “The agricultural land market”, in Agricultural Businesses: Their Growth & Performance, ISR/Google Books, 2022. ISBN 9780906321782
9. ↑ The future of farming in Russia - Farmers Weekly. fwi.co.uk (9 December 2013). Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved on 15 March 2014.
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4} Ukraine crisis sends grain prices soaring. Archived from the original on 2015-01-27. Retrieved on 2017-08-23.
11. ↑ Doran. "Survey finds farmland values down slightly", AgriNews Publications, 9 September 2018. Retrieved on 10 September 2018.
12. ↑ Penson (29 July 2021). 2021 Cropland Investment Report. AgAmerica. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved on 17 September 2021.