Jane Austen

Jane Austen
Jane Austen ke chhaapa, jiske uske bahiji, Cassandra banais rahaa (c. 1810)
Writing period	1787 to 1809–11
Genres	pyar
Signature

Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) ek English ke novelist rahii. Uu dher pyar waala fiction dhani admi logan ke baare me likhis. Uske kaam uske English Literature me sab se jaada jaana maana aur liked writer banais.^[1] She is one of the great masters of the English novel.

Austen's ke kaam, sentimental novel ke in the late 18th century me criticise karis, aur nineteenth-century ke asliyat novels ke bhaag rahaa.^[2] Uu saadharan log ke bare me likhat rahii. Ii kaaran se uske novel ke modern character milat rahaa.^[3] Austen's stories are often comic,^[4] but they also show how women depended on marriage for social standing and economic security.^[5] Her works are also about moral problems.^[6]

Jane Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon, near Basingstoke.^[7] Educated mostly by her father and older brothers, and also by her own reading, she lived with her family at Steventon. They moved to Bath when her father retired in 1801. After he died in 1805, she moved around with her mother. In 1809, they settled in Chawton, near Alton, Hampshire. In May 1817 she moved to Winchester to be near her doctor. She died there on 18 July 1817.

Jane Austen was very modest about her own genius.^[7] She once famously described her work as "the little bit (two Inches wide) of Ivory, on which I work with so fine a brush, as produces little effect after much labor".^[7] When she was a girl she wrote stories. Her works were printed only after much revision. Only four of her novels were printed while she was alive. They were Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815). Two other novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, were printed in 1817 with a biographical notice by her brother, Henry Austen. Persuasion was written shortly before her death. She also wrote two earlier works, Lady Susan, and an unfinished novel, The Watsons. She had been working on a new novel, Sanditon, but she died before she could finish it. She is now a well known great writer.

1. ↑ Southam, "Criticism, 1870–1940", The Jane Austen Companion, 102.
2. ↑ Litz, 3–14; Grundy, "Jane Austen and Literary Traditions", The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen, 192-93; Waldron, "Critical Responses, Early", Jane Austen in Context, p. 83, 89–90; Duffy, "Criticism, 1814–1870", The Jane Austen Companion, 93–94.
3. ↑ "Jane Austen (English novelist) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". britannica.com. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
4. ↑ Litz, 142.
5. ↑ MacDonagh, 66–75; Collins, 160–161.
6. ↑ Honan, 124-27; Trott, "Critical Responses, 1830–1970", Jane Austen in Context, 92.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2} Jones, Vivien (2003) [1996]. Introduction to Pride and Prejudice. 80 Strand, London, WC2R ORL, England: Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-141-43951-3.