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== Histoire ==
L'idée originelle de la ''Yukon Quest'' vit le jour en avril 1983 lors d'une discussion dans un bar entre quatre citoyens d'Alaska ; LeRoy Shank, Roger Williams, Ron Rosser, and William "Willy" Lipps.<ref>{{en}} Yukon Quest International. [http://www.yukonquest.com/site/race-history-and-background/"Yukon Quest race history"], Yukonquest.com. Accédé le 22 février 2009</ref>. Ces quatre personnes proposèrent une course de chien de traîneu de 1000 miles, depuis Fairbanks en [[Alaska]] jusque Whitehorse dans le [[Yukon]], pour célébrer les transports de courrier de la [[ruée vers l'or du Klondike]] et la création des routes de transport désservant ces deux localités<ref name="founding">{{en}}Saari, Matias. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091006072520/http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/founders-recall-origins-quest/ "Founders recall origins of the Yukon Quest"] ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 22, 2009.</ref>. Ils dédaignèrent les nombreux ''checkpoints'' et les nombreuses étapes de l'[[Iditarod Sled Dog Race]]<ref>{{en}} Firth, p. 248</ref> et envisagèrent une course d'endurance durant laquelle les participants compteraient sur eux même et où la survie serait aussi importante que la vitesse<ref name="Firth28"/>. "Nous voulions plutôt une expérience réelle du Bush d'Alaska, une course avec un peu l'esprit de l'homme des bois", a dit Shank au 25ème anniversaire de la course<ref name="founding"/>. 

This remained a vague plan until August 1983, when the first public organizational meetings took place.<ref name="founding"/> Fundraising began, and the start date for the race was optimistically moved forward from February 1985 to February 25, 1984. The entry fee for the first race was $500, and Murray Clayton of [[Haines, Alaska]] became the first person to enter when he paid his fee in October 1983.<ref name="founding"/> In December 1983, the race was officially named the Yukon Quest.<ref>Staff report. [http://www.newsminer.com/news/2008/dec/22/looking-back-fairbanks-dec-22/ "Looking back in Fairbanks — Dec. 22"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. December 22, 2008. Accessed May 14, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> Two more months of planning followed, and a crew of volunteers was organized to staff the checkpoints and place trail markers.<ref name="founding"/> On February 25, 1984, 26&nbsp;racers left Fairbanks for Whitehorse.<ref name="1984race"/> Each team was limited to a maximum of 12 dogs, and racers had to finish with no fewer than nine. They also had to haul {{convert|25|lb|kg|0}} of food per dog ({{convert|300|lb|kg|0}} total) to cover the long distances between checkpoints.<ref name="founding"/>

Numerous problems occurred in the first race. The leading mushers had to break trail because the [[snowmobile]] intended for the task broke down. Trail markers often were absent or misplaced, and no preparations had been made for racers in [[Dawson City]] until organizer Roger Williams flew there shortly after the race began. After Dawson City, mushers had their dogs and sleds trucked {{convert|60|mi|km}} to avoid a section of snowless trail, then had to deal with open sections of the Yukon River near Whitehorse due to above-average temperatures.<ref name="1984race"/> The eventual winner of the inaugural race, Sonny Lindner, was greeted with little fanfare on his arrival. On the race's 25th anniversary, he recalled, "I think it was 90&nbsp;percent (camping) trip and maybe a little bit of racing."<ref name="1984race">Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1984/ "1984"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 22, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref>

=== First decade ===
After the inaugural race, organizers improved the marking of the trail for the first contest held in the Whitehorse–Fairbanks direction. Musher Bill Cotter said, "The trail was so nice that it was difficult to keep from going too fast."<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1985/ "1985"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 26, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> The race grew in popularity over the next few years. In 1988 and again in 1989, 47 mushers entered. In 1989, 31 completed the race—the most that have ever finished it.<ref name="yq1989"/> In 1990, Connie and Terri Frerichs became the first (and so far only) mother and daughter to compete in the same Yukon Quest: Terri finished 21st, beating her mother (22nd) by 26&nbsp;minutes.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1990/ "1990"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> The 1991 race saw eight teams withdraw in the first quarter because of an outbreak of a canine disease called the "[[Healy, Alaska|Healy]] Virus". Thirty-five more dogs were sickened before the spread of the virus was halted by colder weather halfway through the race.<ref>Firth, p. 196</ref> In 1992, unseasonable warmth caused problems in the first half of the race, and the second was affected by bitter cold.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1992/ "1992"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> The head veterinarian of that race, Jeannie Olson, was replaced after she offered canine [[acupuncture]] to several mushers. Though not then forbidden by any rule, this violated equal-treatment guidelines because she did not offer the treatment to every musher.<ref>Firth, pp. 199–200</ref> At the end of that race, George Cook became the first musher since 1984 to finish short of Whitehorse when open water on the Yukon River prevented him from continuing. Because he did not quit, race officials gave him the Red Lantern Award.<ref>Firth, p. 201</ref>

Following the 1992 race, controversy erupted when the Alaska board of directors of Yukon Quest International informed the Yukon board that they were considering dropping the Yukon half of the Quest because Yukon officials did not meet fundraising goals. Alaska officials also believed it would be easier to manage an Alaska-only race.<ref>Firth, p. 234</ref> A crisis was averted when the Yukon board of directors agreed to raise more money and the two sides formed a joint board of directors.<ref name="Firth235">Firth, p. 235</ref> The 1993 race was run as usual, but Jeff Mann had a more eventful race than most. When a moose attacked his dog team, he was forced to kill it with an axe, then butcher it according to Quest rules. Later, he was penalized 90&nbsp;minutes for borrowing a reporter's head lantern. Finally, after the conclusion of the race, he was fined half his winnings when his dogs tested positive for [[ibuprofen]].<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1993/ "1993"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref>

In the 1994 race, Alaskan Bruce Cosgrove was denied entry by Canadian customs officials in the pre-race verification process, the only time a musher has been denied entry into either Canada or Alaska. Cosgrove started the race, but quit before the border.<ref>Firth, p. 207</ref> Following the race, controversy again erupted when Alaska Yukon Quest officials announced they would unilaterally eliminate Whitehorse from the Yukon Quest and run a cheaper Fairbanks-to-Dawson City race. Members of the Yukon Quest organization revolted against this and voted to evict the board members who had proposed it.<ref name="Firth235"/>

=== Second decade ===
The 1995 race featured 22 mushers, of whom 13 finished.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1995/ "1995"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> Budget problems caused the first prize to drop by 25% to $15,000, contributing to the low participation.<ref name="Firth265">Firth, p. 265</ref> This problem was fixed for the 1996 race, with a first-place prize of $25,000.<ref name="Firth265"/> The 1997 race was won by Rick Mackey, brother of later Quest winner Lance Mackey; the two are the only brother-brother winning tandem in Quest history.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1997/ "1997"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> Following the 1997 race, financial troubles again arose, this time on the Alaska side. Canadian organizers secured international sponsorship for the 1998 race, and when they refused to let this sponsorship money be used to pay debts accumulated in Alaska, members of the Alaska board threatened to host a separate competition. In the end, the Alaska board members were forced to resign, and a deal was worked out between the two sides.<ref>Firth, p. 236</ref>

[[Image:Quest dogs.JPG|left|thumb|270px|alt=A string of harnessed dogs runs from left to right as spectators watch behind a placard-laden barricade.|Dogs race ahead at the start of the 2003 Yukon Quest in [[Whitehorse, Yukon|Whitehorse]].]]
The 1998 race was run on schedule and had 38 entrants.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1998/ "1998"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> The 1999 race was won by [[Alaska Native]]  Ramy Brooks, who defeated veterinarian Mark May by 10&nbsp;minutes.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/1999/ "1999"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> In 2000, Aliy Zirkle became the first woman to win the Yukon Quest after taking 10&nbsp;days, 22&nbsp;hours, and 57&nbsp;minutes to trek the {{convert|1000|mi|km|0}}.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/2000/ "2000"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> Also in 2000, Yukon Quest International added two races: the Quest 250 (today the Quest 300) and the Junior Quest<ref name="2001race"/> (both described [[#Junior Yukon Quest and Yukon Quest 300|below]]). Competitors in each have gone on to participate in the Yukon Quest. The first of these graduated mushers competed in the 2001 race, won by Tim Osmar.<ref name="2001race">Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/2001/ "2001"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> 

In 2002, the Yukon Quest was won by Hans Gatt, an Austrian-born resident of British Columbia and the first European to win. This was the first of three consecutive wins, making him the first three-time winner.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/2002/ "2002"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> In 2003, Gatt's second win was truncated by a lack of snow near Whitehorse. Unseasonable warmth forced organizers to truck mushers and their dog teams to Braeburn before continuing what became a {{convert|921|mi|km|0}} competition.<ref name="2003race"/> The 2004 race saw 31&nbsp;mushers start the race and 20 finish, a drop-out rate of 35%.<ref name="2004race">Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/2004/ "2004"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 27, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> During the first 24&nbsp;years of the competition, there were 776&nbsp;starters and 513&nbsp;finishers.<ref name="2004race"/> Though 90 more mushers attempted the race in the first 12&nbsp;years than in the next dozen runnings, there is little difference in the percentage that did not finish (35% in 1984–1995; 33% in 1996–2007).<ref name="2004race"/>

=== Third decade ===
In 2005, first-time participant Lance Mackey broke Hans Gatt's three-win streak. Mackey finished in 11&nbsp;days, 32&nbsp;seconds.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/2005/ "2005"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 28, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> The victory was the first of four straight wins by Mackey, who holds the record for most consecutive wins and is the only four-time winner. During Mackey's second win, a fierce storm atop Eagle Summit caused a whiteout that forced seven mushers and dog teams to be evacuated by helicopter. Partly because of the storm, only 11 finished the 2006 race—the fewest ever.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/2006/ "2006"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 28, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> The finishers also endured an unusual course: because snow was scarce near Whitehorse, they doubled back and finished in Dawson City after racing the {{convert|1000|mi|km|0}}.<ref name="2008race">Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/20/mackey-wins-yukon-quest-nose/ "Mackey wins his fourth Yukon Quest by a nose"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 20, 2008. Accessed February 28, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> In 2007, three dogs were killed in unrelated incidents, but Mackey tied Gatt's record of three consecutive wins. One month later, Mackey became the first person to win both the Yukon Quest and the Iditarod in the same year.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://newsminer.com/news/2008/feb/06/2007/ "2007"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 6, 2008. Accessed February 28, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> Mackey's fourth win came during the 2008 race, the first Yukon Quest to end in Whitehorse since 2003.<ref name="2008race"/>

Because of the [[late 2000s recession]], the 2009 Yukon Quest [[Prize money|purse]] was reduced to $151,000 from a planned total of $200,000. As a result, the first prize was reduced to $30,000 from the planned $35,000.<ref>Saari, Matias. [http://www.newsminer.com/news/2009/feb/15/lead-mushers-reach-braeburn-end-first-day/ "Lead Yukon Quest mushers reach Braeburn by end of first day"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 15, 2009. Accessed March 4, 2009 {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> Partly because of this, Mackey withdrew before the race, making it easier for a newcomer to win.<ref>Staff Report. [http://newsminer.com/news/2009/jan/24/mackey-offically-withdraws-yukon-quest/ "Mackey officially withdraws from Yukon Quest"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. January 24, 2009. Accessed February 28, 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> In the closest one–two finish, German Sebastian Schnuelle completed the race faster than anyone before, finishing that year's {{convert|1016|mi|km|0|adj=on}} trip in 9&nbsp;days, 23&nbsp;hours, and 20&nbsp;minutes. He was just four minutes ahead of Hugh Neff.<ref name="2009race"/>

Following the 2009 race, officials decided to advance the competition's start date by one week to better accommodate mushers also participating in the Iditarod. The 2010 race started in Fairbanks on February 6, 2010,<ref>The Associated Press. [http://www.newsminer.com/view/full_story/3114477/article-Yukon-Quest-plans-earlier-start-date-in-2010 "Yukon Quest plans earlier start date in 2010"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. August 6, 2009. Accessed March 6, 2011.</ref> and the early start date was kept for the 2011 competition. Hans Gatt won the 2010 race with the fastest finish in Yukon Quest history: 9&nbsp;days and 26&nbsp;minutes.<ref>Armstrong, Joshua. [http://www.newsminer.com/view/full_story/6358484/article-Gatt-claims-fourth-Yukon-Quest-championship-in-record-time "Gatt claims fourth Yukon Quest championship in record time"], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 15, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2011.</ref> That race was marked by good weather, and few mushers dropped out. In 2011, conditions returned to normal, as violent storms blasted the trail and mushers during the second half of the race. Only 13 of the 25 competitors completed the race, tying the record for fewest finishers.<ref>Caldwell, Suzanna. [http://mobile.newsminer.com/bookmark/11395841-And-the-winner-of-the-2011-Yukon-Quest-is- "And the winner of the 2011 Yukon Quest is ..."], ''Fairbanks Daily News-Miner''. February 14, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2011.</ref> In 2013, poor trail conditions over American Summit forced the Dawson to Eagle section of the course to be rerouted over the Yukon River.<ref name=2013reroute>{{cite news|last=Richardson|first=Jeff|title=Home     Sports     Yukon Quest  Yukon Quest officials reroute section of race trail|url=http://www.newsminer.com/sports/yukon_quest/article_6e79bff4-6ddf-11e2-818f-001a4bcf6878.html|accessdate=3 February 2013|newspaper=Fairbanks Daily News-Miner|date=3 February 2013}}</ref>

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