Aliados (Primera Guerra Mundial)

Mapamundi que muestra los participantes durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Entente y los Aliados (algunos entraron en la guerra y otros se mantuvieron neutral pero apoyaron a sus aliados) Potencias Centrales Países neutrales

En el contexto de la Primera Guerra Mundial, se entiende por Aliados a los países en conflicto con las Potencias Centrales. El bloque aliado tuvo su origen en la Triple Entente, integrada por: Francia, el Reino Unido y Rusia. En sentido estricto comenzaron a llamarse así tras la firma del Pacto de Londres, el 5 de septiembre de 1914^[1]

Principales países aliados

8 países en total participaron durante la primera Gran Guerra.
Reino de Bélgica (incluyendo sus fuerzas coloniales)
Reino de Serbia
Reino de Montenegro
Tercera República Francesa (incluyendo sus fuerzas coloniales)
Imperio ruso (hasta marzo de 1917), el Gobierno Provisional Ruso capituló en noviembre de 1917.
Imperio británico
Reino de Italia (a partir de abril de 1915 e incluyendo sus fuerzas coloniales)
Estados Unidos de América (con la Fuerza Expedicionaria Estadounidense a partir de 1917)
- Puerto Rico (su desempeño fue en el canal de Panamá desde mayo de 1917 con el 65.º Regimiento de Infantería (Estados Unidos), conocido en inglés como 65th Infantry Regiment (United States)

Otros países aliados

Otros países que tuvieron participación militar:

Gran Imperio del Japón
República Portuguesa (a partir de marzo de 1916 e incluyendo sus fuerzas coloniales)
Reino de Rumanía (de agosto de 1916 a mayo de 1918)
Reino de Grecia (el Gobierno de Defensa Nacional declaró la guerra a las Potencias Centrales en noviembre de 1916, el estado lo hizo en junio de 1917)
Principado de Albania
Brasil (a partir de octubre de 1917)
República Democrática de Armenia (a partir de mayo de 1918)
Checoslovaquia (con la Legión Checoslovaca)
Reino de Finlandia (a partir de octubre de 1918)
Reino de Nepal (sus fuerzas se integraron en el Ejército Indio Británico)
Reino de Siam
San Marino (a partir de junio de 1915)

Aliados nominales

Países que declararon la guerra a las Potencias Centrales pero que no participaron militarmente:

Principado de Andorra (Desde 1914)^[2]
República de China (a partir de agosto de 1917, pero un año antes los ingleses los reclutaron para trabajos detrás de la Línea del Frente)^[3]
Costa Rica (a partir de mayo de 1918)
Cuba (a partir de abril de 1917)
Guatemala (a partir de abril de 1918)
Liberia (a partir de agosto de 1917)
Haití (a partir de julio de 1918)
Honduras (a partir de julio de 1918)
Panamá (en abril de 1917 declaró la guerra a Alemania, en diciembre de 1917 al Imperio Austrohúngaro).
Nicaragua (El 8 de Abril declaró la guerra a Alemania y al Imperio Austrohúngaro).

Fuerzas y pérdidas de las potencias aliadas

País	Fuerzas movilizadas	Muertos en combate	Heridos en combate	Pérdidas totales	Porcentaje de pérdidas respecto al total de fuerzas movilizadas
Australia	412 953	61 928^[4]	152 171	214 099	52%
Bélgica	267 000	38 172^[5]	44 686	82 858	31%
Canadá	28 964	56 639^[6]	149 732	214 676	34%
Estados Unidos	4 355 000	116 708^[7]	205 690	322 398	7%
Francia	8 410 000	1 186 000^[8]	4 266 000	5 663 800	67%
Grecia	230 000	26 000^[9]	21 000	47 000	20%
India	1 440 437	74 187^[10]	143 401	217 588	15%
Italia	5 615 000	651 010^[11]	953 886	1 604 896	29%
Japón	800 000	415^[12]	907	1322	<1%
Montenegro	50 000	3000	10 000	13 000	26%
Nueva Zelanda	128 525	18 050^[13]	41 317	59 367	46%
Terranova	11 922	1204^[14]	2314	3518	30%
Portugal	100 000	7222^[15]	13 751	20 973	21%
Reino Unido	6 200 000	885 138^[16]	1 663 435	2 548 573	41%
Rumanía	750 000	250 000^[17]	120 000	370 000	43%
Rusia	12 000 000	1 811 000^[18]	4 950 000	6 761 000	59%
Serbia	707 343	275 000^[19]	133 148	408 148	20%
Sudáfrica	136 070	9463^[20]	12 029	21 492	16%
Total	42 243 214	5 691 241	12 809 280	18 500 521	44%

Estadísticas de los principales aliados^[21]

Rusia	173,2	21.700 km²	257,7
Francia	39,8	500.000 km²	138,7
Reino Unido	46	300.000 km²	226,4
Italia	35.6	300.000 km²	93,3
Estados Unidos	95,5	7.800.000 km²	511,6
Total	793,3	67.500.000 km²	1.096,5

Véase también

Referencias

↑ Stevenson, 2013, p. 106.
↑ https://adadabsurdum.blogspot.com/2015/03/andorra-vs-alemania-39-anos-en-guerra.html
↑ https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20150405/54429433004/el-olvidado-papel-de-los-chinos-en-la-i-guerra-mundial.html
↑ Pérdidas australianas
Included in total are 55,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds-.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.-
Totals include 2,005 military deaths during 1919-21-. The 1922 War Office report listed 59,330 Army war dead.
↑ Belgium casualties
Included in total are 35,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds Figures include 13,716 killed and 24,456 missing up until Nov.11, 1918. "These figures are approximate only, the records being incomplete.".
↑ Canada casualties
Included in total are 53,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 3,789 military deaths during 1919-21 and 150 Merchant Navy deaths-. The losses of Newfoundland are listed separately on this table. The 1922 War Office report listed 56,639 Army war dead.
↑ United States casualties
Official military war deaths listed by the US Dept. of Defense for the period ending Dec. 31, 1918 are 116,516; which includes 53,402 battle deaths and 63,114 other deaths.[1], The US Coast Guard lost an additional 192 dead.
↑ France casualties
Included in total are 1,186,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds. Totals include the deaths of 71,100 French colonial troops. -Figures include war related military deaths of 28,600 from 11/11/1918 to 6/1/1919.
↑ Greece casualties
Jean Bujac in a campaign history of the Greek Army in World War One listed 8,365 combat related deaths and 3,255 missing, The Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis estimated total dead of 26,000 including 15,000 military deaths due disease
↑ India casualties
British India included present-day India, Pakistán and Bangladés.
Included in total are 27,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 15,069 military deaths during 1919-21 and 1,841 Canadian Merchant Navy dea. The 1922 War Office report listed 64,454 Army war dead
↑ Italy casualties
Included in total are 433,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds
Figures of total military dead are from a 1925 Italian report using official data.
↑ War dead figure is from a 1991 history of the Japanese Army.
↑ New Zealand casualties
Included in total are 14,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 702 military deaths during 1919-21. The 1922 War Office report listed 16,711 Army war dead.
↑ Newfoundland casualties
Newfoundland was a Dominion at the time, and not part of Canadá. The 1922 War Office report listed 1,204 Army war dead
↑ Portugal casualties
Figures include the following killed and died of other causes up until Jan.1, 1920; 1,689 in France and 5,332 in Africa. Figures do not include an additional 12,318 listed as missing and POW.
↑ UK and Crown Colonies casualties
Included in total are 624,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Military dead total includes 34,663 deaths during 1919-21 and 13,632 British Merchant Navy deaths. The losses of Newfoundland are listed separately on this table. The 1922 War Office report listed 702,410 war dead for the UK, 507 from "Other colonies" and the Royal Navy (32,287).
The British Merchant Navy losses of 14,661 were listed separately; The 1922 War Office report detailed the deaths of 310 military personnel due to air and sea bombardment of the UK.
↑ Romania casualties
Military dead is "The figure reported by the Rumanian Government in reply to a questionnaire from the International Labour Office". Included in total are 177,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
↑ Russia casualties
Included in total are 1,451,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds. The estimate of total Russian military losses was made by the Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis.
↑ Serbia casualties
Included in total are 165,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.The estimate of total combined Serbian and Montenegrin military losses of 278,000 was made by the Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis
↑ South Africa casualties
Included in total are 5,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 380 military deaths during 1919-21. The 1922 War Office report listed 7,121 Army war dead.
↑ S.N. Broadberry, Mark Harrison. The Economics of World War I. illustrated ed. Cambridge University Press, 2005, pgs. 7-8.

Bibliografía

Ellis, John and Mike Cox. The World War I Databook: The Essential Facts and Figures for All the Combatants (2002)
Espositons, Vincent J. The West Point Atlas of American Wars: 1900-1918 (1997) despite the title covers entire war; online maps from this atlas
Falls, Cyril. nkxiei

(1960), general military history

Higham, Robin and Dennis E. Showalter, eds. Researching World War I: A Handbook (2003), historiography, stressing military themes
Pope, Stephen and Wheal, Elizabeth-Anne, eds. The Macmillan Dictionary of the First World War (1995)
Stevenson, David (2013). 1914-1918. Historia de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores/Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-84-672-5794-6.
Strachan, Hew. The First World War: Volume I: To Arms (2004)
Trask, David F. The United States in the Supreme War Council: American War Aims and Inter-Allied Strategy, 1917-1918 (1961)
Tucker, Spencer, ed. The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History (5 volumes) (2005), online at eBook.com
Tucker, Spencer, ed. European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia (1999)

Datos: Q215669
Multimedia: Allies of World War I / Q215669

[FOOTNOTEStevenson2013106-1] Stevenson, 2013, p. 106.

[2] ttps://adadabsurdum.blogspot.com/2015/03/andorra-vs-alemania-39-anos-en-guerra.html

[3] ttps://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20150405/54429433004/el-olvidado-papel-de-los-chinos-en-la-i-guerra-mundial.html

[4] Pérdidas australianas
Included in total are 55,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds-.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.-
Totals include 2,005 military deaths during 1919-21-. The 1922 War Office report listed 59,330 Army war dead.

[5] Belgium casualties
Included in total are 35,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds Figures include 13,716 killed and 24,456 missing up until Nov.11, 1918. "These figures are approximate only, the records being incomplete.".

[6] Canada casualties
Included in total are 53,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 3,789 military deaths during 1919-21 and 150 Merchant Navy deaths-. The losses of Newfoundland are listed separately on this table. The 1922 War Office report listed 56,639 Army war dead.

[7] United States casualties
Official military war deaths listed by the US Dept. of Defense for the period ending Dec. 31, 1918 are 116,516; which includes 53,402 battle deaths and 63,114 other deaths.[1], The US Coast Guard lost an additional 192 dead.

[8] France casualties
Included in total are 1,186,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds. Totals include the deaths of 71,100 French colonial troops. -Figures include war related military deaths of 28,600 from 11/11/1918 to 6/1/1919.

[9] Greece casualties
Jean Bujac in a campaign history of the Greek Army in World War One listed 8,365 combat related deaths and 3,255 missing, The Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis estimated total dead of 26,000 including 15,000 military deaths due disease

[10] India casualties
British India included present-day India, Pakistán and Bangladés.
Included in total are 27,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 15,069 military deaths during 1919-21 and 1,841 Canadian Merchant Navy dea. The 1922 War Office report listed 64,454 Army war dead

[11] Italy casualties
Included in total are 433,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds
Figures of total military dead are from a 1925 Italian report using official data.

[12] War dead figure is from a 1991 history of the Japanese Army.

[13] New Zealand casualties
Included in total are 14,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 702 military deaths during 1919-21. The 1922 War Office report listed 16,711 Army war dead.

[14] Newfoundland casualties
Newfoundland was a Dominion at the time, and not part of Canadá. The 1922 War Office report listed 1,204 Army war dead

[15] Portugal casualties
Figures include the following killed and died of other causes up until Jan.1, 1920; 1,689 in France and 5,332 in Africa. Figures do not include an additional 12,318 listed as missing and POW.

[16] UK and Crown Colonies casualties
Included in total are 624,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Military dead total includes 34,663 deaths during 1919-21 and 13,632 British Merchant Navy deaths. The losses of Newfoundland are listed separately on this table. The 1922 War Office report listed 702,410 war dead for the UK, 507 from "Other colonies" and the Royal Navy (32,287).
The British Merchant Navy losses of 14,661 were listed separately; The 1922 War Office report detailed the deaths of 310 military personnel due to air and sea bombardment of the UK.

[17] Romania casualties
Military dead is "The figure reported by the Rumanian Government in reply to a questionnaire from the International Labour Office". Included in total are 177,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.

[18] Russia casualties
Included in total are 1,451,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds. The estimate of total Russian military losses was made by the Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis.

[19] Serbia casualties
Included in total are 165,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.The estimate of total combined Serbian and Montenegrin military losses of 278,000 was made by the Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis

[20] South Africa casualties
Included in total are 5,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 380 military deaths during 1919-21. The 1922 War Office report listed 7,121 Army war dead.

[21] S.N. Broadberry, Mark Harrison. The Economics of World War I. illustrated ed. Cambridge University Press, 2005, pgs. 7-8.

[1]