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patior

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    Apparently denominative from Proto-Indo-European *ph₁-tós, participle of *peh₁- (“to hurt”), though this morphology would be highly irregular.[1] Cognate with paene, paeniteō, pēnūria, Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma), πηρός (pērós), Old English feond (“devil, enemy”) (English fiend), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”), Proto-Slavic *patiti (“to suffer, to fare misfortune”).

    An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to fly, fall”), with semantic shift "to befall" > "to experience" > "to suffer".[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    patior (present infinitive patī, perfect active passus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent

    1. (transitive) to suffer, endure, tolerate
      Synonyms: tolerō, patiō, sufferō, subeō, perferō, perpetior, recipiō, accipiō, sinō, ferō, dūrō, sustineō, sustentō
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.157–158:
        tum patitur cultus ager et renovātur arātrō
        That is when the field endures cultivation, and is renewed by the plough.
        [Note: This verse by the poet Ovid can endure a more figurative translation or permit a more literal reading of the word patitur.]
    2. (transitive) to allow, acquiesce, permit, submit
      Synonyms: permittō, admittō
      Patere lēgem quam ipse fēcistī / tulistī.
      Submit to the law which you yourself made / proposed.
    3. (intransitive) to exist, live
      Pati sine regno
      To live without a king.

    Conjugation

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       Conjugation of patior (third conjugation iō-variant, deponent)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present patior pateris,
    patere     		patitur patimur patiminī patiuntur
    imperfect patiēbar patiēbāris,
    patiēbāre     		patiēbātur patiēbāmur patiēbāminī patiēbantur
    future patiar patiēris,
    patiēre     		patiētur patiēmur patiēminī patientur
    perfect passus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect passus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect passus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present patiar patiāris,
    patiāre     		patiātur patiāmur patiāminī patiantur
    imperfect paterer paterēris,
    paterēre     		paterētur paterēmur paterēminī paterentur
    perfect passus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect passus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — patere — — patiminī —
    future — patitor patitor — — patiuntor
    non-finite forms active passive
    present perfect future present perfect future
    infinitives patī passum esse passūrum esse — — —
    participles patiēns passus passūrus — — patiendus,
    patiundus
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    patiendī patiendō patiendum patiendō passum passū

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Old French: pader
    • → Catalan: patir
    • → French: pâtir
    • → Occitan: patir
    • →? Serbo-Croatian: patiti

    Reflexes of an assumed variant *patīre:

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “patior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 450

    Further reading

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    • “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • patior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to suffer wrong: iniuriam ferre, pati
      • to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
      • (ambiguous) to extend in breadth, in length: in latitudinem, in longitudinem patere
      • (ambiguous) to have a wide extent: late patere (also metaphorically vid. sect. VIII. 8)
    • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
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