affliger
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin afflīgere.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]affliger
- (transitive) to grieve someone, to distress someone
- 1640, Pierre Corneille, Horace, act I, scene I:
- Je crains pour l’une et l’autre en ce dernier effort / Et serai du parti qu’affligera le Sort.
- I fear for both in this final struggle / and shall be on the side that Destiny makes grieved.
- (literary) to smite [with de ‘with’]
Conjugation
[edit]This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written afflige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of affliger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | affliger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | affligeant /a.fli.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | affligé /a.fli.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | afflige /a.fliʒ/ |
affliges /a.fliʒ/ |
afflige /a.fliʒ/ |
affligeons /a.fli.ʒɔ̃/ |
affligez /a.fli.ʒe/ |
affligent /a.fliʒ/ |
| imperfect | affligeais /a.fli.ʒɛ/ |
affligeais /a.fli.ʒɛ/ |
affligeait /a.fli.ʒɛ/ |
affligions /a.fli.ʒjɔ̃/ |
affligiez /a.fli.ʒje/ |
affligeaient /a.fli.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | affligeai /a.fli.ʒe/ |
affligeas /a.fli.ʒa/ |
affligea /a.fli.ʒa/ |
affligeâmes /a.fli.ʒam/ |
affligeâtes /a.fli.ʒat/ |
affligèrent /a.fli.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | affligerai /a.fliʒ.ʁe/ |
affligeras /a.fliʒ.ʁa/ |
affligera /a.fliʒ.ʁa/ |
affligerons /a.fliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
affligerez /a.fliʒ.ʁe/ |
affligeront /a.fliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | affligerais /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
affligerais /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
affligerait /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/ |
affligerions /a.fli.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
affligeriez /a.fli.ʒə.ʁje/ |
affligeraient /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | afflige /a.fliʒ/ |
affliges /a.fliʒ/ |
afflige /a.fliʒ/ |
affligions /a.fli.ʒjɔ̃/ |
affligiez /a.fli.ʒje/ |
affligent /a.fliʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | affligeasse /a.fli.ʒas/ |
affligeasses /a.fli.ʒas/ |
affligeât /a.fli.ʒa/ |
affligeassions /a.fli.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
affligeassiez /a.fli.ʒa.sje/ |
affligeassent /a.fli.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | afflige /a.fliʒ/ |
— | affligeons /a.fli.ʒɔ̃/ |
affligez /a.fli.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
References
[edit]- “affliger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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