懂

See also: 𢤦

懂	U+61C2, 懂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C2

← 懁
[U+61C1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

懃 →
[U+61C3]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

懂 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心廿竹土 (PTHG), four-corner 9401₄, composition ⿰忄董)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11320
Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2353, character 6
Unihan data for U+61C2

Chinese

trad.		懂
simp. ^#		懂
2nd round simp.		㤏
alternative forms		𢤦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撞	rdoːŋ, rdoːŋs
幢	rdoːŋ, rdoːŋs
橦	rdoːŋ, doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇	*rdoːŋ
𩪘	*rdoːŋ
艟	rdoːŋs, tʰjoŋ
憧	rdoːŋs, tʰjoŋ
畽	tʰoːnʔ, tʰuːnʔ
董	*toːŋʔ
蕫	toːŋʔ, doːŋ
箽	*toːŋʔ
懂	*toːŋʔ
湩	toːŋs, tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈	tʰoːŋ, tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童	*doːŋ
僮	*doːŋ
瞳	*doːŋ
罿	doːŋ, tʰjoŋ
犝	*doːŋ
潼	doːŋ, tʰjoŋ
穜	doːŋ, doŋ
動	*doːŋʔ
慟	*doːŋs
堹	*toŋs
諥	*toŋs
蹱	tʰoŋ, tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重	doŋ, doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟	doŋ, doŋs
蝩	*doŋ
褈	doŋ, tʰjoŋ
鐘	tjoŋ, tjoŋ
鍾	*tjoŋ
籦	*tjoŋ
種	tjoŋʔ, tjoŋs
腫	*tjoŋʔ
踵	*tjoŋʔ
歱	*tjoŋʔ
喠	tjoŋʔ, tʰjoŋʔ
偅	*tjoŋs
衝	*tʰjoŋ
揰	*tʰjoŋs
尰	*djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 董 (OC *toːŋʔ).

Etymology

Perhaps cognate with 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “to know”), an ancient Chu dialect word (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dǒng (dong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong³

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дун (dun, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dung²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): uung²
Gan (Wiktionary): dung³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): túng

(Meixian, Guangdong): dung³
Jin (Wiktionary): dung²
Northern Min (KCR): dǒng
Eastern Min (BUC): dūng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tóng / táng

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ton
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dǒng
  - Wade–Giles: tung³
  - Yale: dǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doong
  - Palladius: дун (dun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: dong³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dung²
  - Yale: dúng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: uung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: dung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: túng
  - Hakka Romanization System: dung^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dung³
  - Sinological IPA: /tuŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dung³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dung²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuŋ⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tóng
  - Tâi-lô: tóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: táng
  - Tâi-lô: táng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: darng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /taŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴¹/

Note:

Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
- tóng - literary;
- táng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 懂嚇).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: dong²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tóng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ton
  - MiniDict: ton^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ton
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /tʊŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /tən⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: tuwngX

Rime
Character	懂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	多動切
Baxter	tuwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/tuŋ^X/
Wang Li	/tuŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*toːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17435
Phonetic component	重
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	董
Old Chinese	/*toːŋʔ/
Notes	右原從蕫，今字見韻會覩動切

Definitions

懂

to understand; to comprehend
我懂了。 ― Wǒ dǒng le. ― I see.

懂禮貌／懂礼貌 ― dǒng lǐmào ― to understand good manners

他的話我聽懂了。 [MSC, trad.]
他的话我听懂了。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā de huà wǒ tīngdǒng le. [Pinyin]
I understand what he said.

你懂英語嗎？／你懂英语吗？ ― Nǐ dǒng yīngyǔ ma? ― Do you understand English?

阿拉勿懂。 [Shanghainese, trad. and simp.]
⁷aq-laq ⁸veq ⁵ton [Wugniu]
I don't understand.
(Singapore, Hong Kong) to know
你這暑假準備幹什麼？我不懂。 [MSC, trad.]
你这暑假准备干什么？我不懂。 [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ zhè shǔjià zhǔnbèi gànshénme? Wǒ bù dǒng. [Pinyin]
What are you doing this summer? I don't know.
Used in 懵懂 (měngdǒng, “confused”).
a surname: Dong

Synonyms

(to understand):

edit

了解 (liǎojiě)
佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
參悟／参悟 (cānwù)
悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
懂得 (dǒngde)
打生 (Wenzhounese)
把握 (bǎwò)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
明 (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
明白
明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
洞悉 (dòngxī)
清亮 (mainland China)
清楚
熟似 (Hokkien)
熟悉 (shúxī)
熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
理解 (lǐjiě)
瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
知識／知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
知道
覺／觉
覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
認識／认识
諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
通達／通达 (tōngdá)
達／达 (literary, or in compounds)
醒悟 (xǐngwù)
開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to understand”):

edit

不了解 (bù liǎojiě)
不懂 (bùdǒng)
不明 (bùmíng) (literary)
不曉得／不晓得 (bù xiǎodé)
不知 (bùzhī)
不知道 (bù zhīdào)
不解 (bùjiě)
不通 (bùtōng)
伓知 (Puxian Min)
唔知 (Cantonese)
曉不得／晓不得
𣍐仈／𫧃仈 (mâ̤-báik) (Eastern Min)
毋知 (Hakka, Hokkien)
毋知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
母雞／母鸡 (mǔjī) (slang, neologism, humorous)

Compounds

不懂 (bùdǒng)
不懂事
似懂非懂 (sìdǒngfēidǒng)
懂事 (dǒngshì)
懂得 (dǒngde)
懂眼
懂行 (dǒngháng)
懞懂／蒙懂 (měngdǒng)
懵懂 (měngdǒng)
懵懂痴呆
懵懵懂懂 (měngměngdǒngdǒng)
懵裡懵懂／懵里懵懂
搞不懂
搞懂
淺顯易懂／浅显易懂
略懂
痴呆懵懂
看懂 (kàndǒng)
瞢懂 (měngdǒng)
聽懂／听懂 (tīngdǒng)

Japanese

Kanji

懂

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

懂 (eumhun 심란할 동 (simnanhal dong))

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Vietnamese

Han character

懂: Hán Nôm readings: đổng, đỏng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.