啁

啁	U+5541, 啁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5541

Translingual

Han character

啁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口月土口 (RBGR), four-corner 6702₀, composition ⿰口周)

chirp, twitter, twittering

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3790
Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 644, character 5
Unihan data for U+5541

Chinese

trad.		啁
simp. ^#		啁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (周) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
裯	tuːw, dɯw, *do
啁	tuːw, rtɯːw, *tɯw
禂	*tuːwʔ
綢	tʰuːw, dɯw
翢	tʰuːw, duːw
錭	*duːw
雕	*tɯːw
凋	*tɯːw
琱	*tɯːw
鯛	*tɯːw
鵰	*tɯːw
彫	*tɯːw
奝	*tɯːw
調	dɯːw, dɯːws, *tɯw
蜩	*dɯːw
惆	*tʰɯw
婤	tʰɯw, tjɯw
稠	*dɯw
椆	dɯw, tjɯws
周	*tjɯw
輖	*tjɯw
賙	*tjɯw
郮	*tjɯw
晭	*tjɯwʔ
倜	*tʰɯːwɢ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhāo, zhōu, tiáo, tiào, dāo, cháo (zhao¹, zhou¹, tiao², tiao⁴, dao¹, chao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄠ, ㄓㄡ, ㄊㄧㄠˊ, ㄊㄧㄠˋ, ㄉㄠ, ㄔㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau¹ / zau¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhao
  - Wade–Giles: chao¹
  - Yale: jāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jau
  - Palladius: чжао (čžao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
  - Wade–Giles: chou¹
  - Yale: jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiáo
  - Wade–Giles: tʻiao²
  - Yale: tyáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyau
  - Palladius: тяо (tjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiào
  - Wade–Giles: tʻiao⁴
  - Yale: tyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiaw
  - Palladius: тяо (tjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dao
  - Wade–Giles: tao¹
  - Yale: dāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
  - Palladius: дао (dao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaau¹ / zau¹
  - Yale: jāau / jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau¹ / dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zao¹ / zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːu̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: traew, trjuw

Rime
Character	啁	啁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	陟交切	張流切
Baxter	traew	trjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠau/	/ʈɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚau/	/ʈiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶau/	/ȶiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈaɨw/	/ʈuw/
Li Rong	/ȶau/	/ȶiu/
Wang Li	/ȶau/	/ȶĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶau/	/ȶi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāo	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaau¹	zau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤriw/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuːw/, /*rtɯːw/, /*tɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāo
Middle Chinese	‹ træw ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁriw/
English	twitter, noise
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啁	啁	啁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	17506	17512	17523
Phonetic component	周	周	周
Rime group	幽	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	刀	嘲	輈
Old Chinese	/*tuːw/	/*rtɯːw/	/*tɯw/
Notes	嘐啁今作嘮叨

Definitions

啁

(onomatopoeia) chirp; twitter

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

啁

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): とう (tō)、ちょう (chō)、ちゅう (chū)、しゅう (shū)
Kun: たわむれる (tawamureru)

Korean

Hanja

啁 • (jo, ju) (hangeul 조, 주, revised jo, ju, McCune–Reischauer cho, chu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.