俠
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See also: 侠
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]俠 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人大人人 (OKOO), four-corner 24238, composition ⿰亻夾)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 706
- Dae Jaweon: page 224, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 158, character 7
- Unihan data for U+4FE0
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 俠 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 侠 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 俠 |
|---|
 s05773 Transcribed ancient scripts  L38583  L38584  L29588  L29589 |
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 瘞 | *qrebs |
| 瘱 | *qeːbs |
| 脥 | *kʰemʔ |
| 浹 | *skaːb, *skeːb |
| 挾 | *skaːb, *ɡeːb |
| 夾 | *kreːb |
| 郟 | *kreːb |
| 筴 | *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb |
| 裌 | *kreːb |
| 鵊 | *kreːb |
| 狹 | *ɡreːb |
| 峽 | *ɡreːb |
| 硤 | *ɡreːb |
| 陜 | *ɡreːb |
| 陿 | *ɡreːb |
| 翜 | *sraːb, *srɯːb |
| 梜 | *kraːb, *keːb |
| 頰 | *keːb |
| 莢 | *keːb |
| 鋏 | *keːb |
| 蛺 | *keːb |
| 唊 | *keːb |
| 悏 | *kʰeːb |
| 匧 | *kʰeːb |
| 愜 | *kʰeːb |
| 篋 | *kʰeːb |
| 俠 | *ɡeːb |
| 綊 | *ɡeːb |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hap6 / haap6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieh7
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siá
- Wade–Giles: hsia2
- Yale: syá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
- Palladius: ся (sja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hap6 / haap6
- Yale: hahp / haahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: hap9 / haap9
- Guangdong Romanization: heb6 / hab6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐp̚²/, /haːp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: hiab
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiab6
- Sinological IPA: /hi̯ap̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /hieʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiɛʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiɛʔ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kiap - colloquial variant;
- hia̍p - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hiab8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍p
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiap̚⁴/
- Middle Chinese: hep
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːb/
Definitions
[edit]俠
Compounds
[edit]- 七俠五義／七侠五义
- 三俠五義／三侠五义
- 任俠／任侠
- 伉俠／伉侠
- 佳俠／佳侠
- 俠侍／侠侍
- 俠士／侠士 (xiáshì)
- 俠客／侠客 (xiákè)
- 俠拜／侠拜
- 俠氣／侠气
- 俠氣干雲／侠气干云
- 俠盜／侠盗
- 俠義／侠义 (xiáyì)
- 俠骨／侠骨
- 俠骨柔腸／侠骨柔肠
- 凶俠
- 劍俠／剑侠 (jiànxiá)
- 大俠／大侠 (dàxiá)
- 小飛俠／小飞侠
- 武俠／武侠 (wǔxiá)
- 武俠小說／武侠小说
- 游俠／游侠 (yóuxiá)
- 獨行俠／独行侠 (dúxíngxiá)
- 義俠／义侠 (yìxiá)
- 義俠記／义侠记
- 蝙蝠俠／蝙蝠侠 (Biānfúxiá)
- 豪俠／豪侠 (háoxiá)
- 豪俠好義／豪侠好义
- 豪俠強徒／豪侠强徒
- 輕財任俠／轻财任侠
- 鑑湖女俠／鉴湖女侠
- 風塵三俠／风尘三侠
References
[edit]- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “侠”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 254.
Japanese
[edit]| 侠 | |
| 俠 |
Kanji
[edit]俠
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 侠)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←げふ (gefu, historical)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō)←けふ (kefu, historical)
- Tō-on: きゃん (kyan)←きやん (kyan, historical)
- Kun: おとこだて (otokodate, 俠)
- Nanori: いさむ (isamu)、さとる (satoru)、たもつ (tamotsu)、ちか (chika)
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 俠 |
| きょう Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 俠 (MC hep).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous spirit
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 俠 |
| きゃん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi |
From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 俠 (MC hep). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- Kyūjitai form of 侠: a chivalrous person; a tomboy
Adjective
[edit]俠 • (kyan) -na (adnominal 俠な (kyan na), adverbial 俠に (kyan ni))
- Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous, tomboyish
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 俠
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 俠だろ | きゃんだろ | kyan daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 俠で | きゃんで | kyan de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 俠だ | きゃんだ | kyan da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 俠な | きゃんな | kyan na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 俠なら | きゃんなら | kyan nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 俠であれ | きゃんであれ | kyan de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 俠ではない 俠じゃない |
きゃんではない きゃんじゃない |
kyan de wa nai kyan ja nai |
| Informal past | 俠だった | きゃんだった | kyan datta |
| Informal negative past | 俠ではなかった 俠じゃなかった |
きゃんではなかった きゃんじゃなかった |
kyan de wa nakatta kyan ja nakatta |
| Formal | 俠です | きゃんです | kyan desu |
| Formal negative | 俠ではありません 俠じゃありません |
きゃんではありません きゃんじゃありません |
kyan de wa arimasen kyan ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 俠でした | きゃんでした | kyan deshita |
| Formal negative past | 俠ではありませんでした 俠じゃありませんでした |
きゃんではありませんでした きゃんじゃありませんでした |
kyan de wa arimasen deshita kyan ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 俠で | きゃんで | kyan de |
| Conditional | 俠なら（ば） | きゃんなら（ば） | kyan nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 俠だったら | きゃんだったら | kyan dattara |
| Volitional | 俠だろう | きゃんだろう | kyan darō |
| Adverbial | 俠に | きゃんに | kyan ni |
| Degree | 俠さ | きゃんさ | kyansa |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]俠 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
- chivalrous person
- knight-errant
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぎょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading げふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading けふ
- Japanese kanji with tōon reading きゃん
- Japanese kanji with historical tōon reading きやん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おとこだて
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いさむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さとる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たもつ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ちか
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