kin-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kin"
Middle English
[edit]Prefix
[edit]kin-
- Alternative form of kine-
Pipil
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]kin-
- (personal) them, third-person plural object marker.
- Nikintajtanilij su kinekituyat yawit
- I asked them if they wanted to go
- Nikintajtanilij su kinekituyat yawit
Usage notes
[edit]- Often substituted by the third-person singular object marker k(i)- in daily speech. Before a vowel, "kin-" changes to "kinh-". The digraph <nh> is pronounced as [ŋ]. Example:
- Tikinhishmati
- You know them
- Tikinhishmati
See also
[edit]Pipil verb object markers
- yejemet (personal pronoun)
Ye'kwana
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]kin-
- Allomorph of kün- (distant past third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with i or y.
Inflection
[edit]Ye'kwana personal markers
| pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
| first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
| first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
| second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | |||||||
| first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
| third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
| distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
| coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
| reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
| ||||||||||
| series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
|---|---|
| first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
| first person dual exclusive > second person | |
| second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
| second person > first person dual exclusive | |
| third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |