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{{discussion month}}

== [[quisling]] (sp. "Quislin") ==

{{ping|-sche|Lambiam|Leasnam|Mahagaja}}:

A minor matter, but something regarding the earlier form of the man's surname, ''"Quislin"''...

The final form, "Quisling" quite clearly is ''[[Kvislemark]]'' + ''[[-ing#Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l|-ing]]'' (sense 2).

But is the earlier form, ''Quislin'', [[Kvislemark]] + a Latinate ''[[-in]]'' suffix seen in certain Scandinavian surnames (from ''[[-inus#Suffix|-inus]]'')?

Cf. [[Lundin]], [[Ahlin]], [[Nordin]], [[Dahlin]], [[Sahlin]].

If so, we probably ought to note that. [[User:Tharthan|Tharthan]] ([[User talk:Tharthan|talk]]) 00:43, 1 September 2021 (UTC)

:According to {{w|Vidkun Quisling#Background|Wikipedia}}, referencing [https://books.google.com/books?id=23slAAAACAAJ&hl=en a book] with no Google preview, “The family name derives from ''Quislinus'', a Latinised name invented by Quisling's ancestor Lauritz Ibsen Quislin (1634–1703), based on the village of Kvislemark near {{w|Slagelse}}, Denmark, whence he had emigrated.” If ''Quislin'' derives from ''Quislinus'', then this ancestor <u>re</u>invented the Latinization.  But perhaps the author of the book got the order of derivations wrong, or the presentation is misleading; the intention could be that ancestor Lauritz, the son of Ib, adopted a family name and turned ''kvissel'' – the first component of ''Kvislemark'' (a terrain at a fork in a river) – into a surname using ''-inus'' and henceforth styled himself “Lauritz Ibsen Quislin(us)“. See also {{section link|Wiktionary:Etymology scriptorium/2019/August#quisling}}. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 06:55, 1 September 2021 (UTC)
::Thank you for your assistance.
::If you are right about that, then presumably, ''Quislin'' later became to ''Quisling'' due to reanalysis after immigration to Norway as ''Kvislemark'' + ''[[-ing#Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l|-ing]]'' (sense 2). If no one has any objections to that analysis, the relevant part of the etymology section probably ought to be amended, so that it says:

:::The name is seemingly supposed to mean "one who is from Kvislemark", and is equivalent to {{af|da|Kvislemark|-ing|pos2=suffix designating a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities|nocat=1}}. However, the earlier form of the name, ''Quislinus''/''Quislin'', appears to have originally been intended as {{m|da|Kvislemark}} + {{m+|la|-inus||suffix indicating a relationship of position, possession, or origin}}, and only later on came to be reinterpreted as {{m|da|Kvislemark}} + {{m+|no|-ing||suffix designating a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities}}.

:: [[User:Tharthan|Tharthan]] ([[User talk:Tharthan|talk]]) 17:42, 1 September 2021 (UTC)

:::I don't know when the spelling change ''Quislin'' → ''Quisling'' took place, but the person effecting the change may have been unaware of any association with the utterly insignificant Danish parish Kvislemark. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 21:18, 1 September 2021 (UTC)
::::That's certainly true. I have modified the etymology section at [[quisling]], taking what you just said into account. Feel free to revert if you take issue with the edit. [[User:Tharthan|Tharthan]] ([[User talk:Tharthan|talk]]) 18:34, 2 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::I wasn't sure if to protest but since Lambi said effectively the same, I think the compound is too long and we would usually cite a reinterpretation of the suffix in such cases, the stem morphology to be left as an exercise for the reader if you don't want to cite a cranberry, if only to shave screen real estate. The exercise should be simpler if there was a page for [[Kvislemark]].
:::::It would be lovely to have the place name in place, but I am puzzled by the previous thread. The only two examples for *tw > kʷ that I can think of in any Germanic branch are [[Quark]] and [[queer]], where I thought the latter was from metastasis of the labio-velar that was already there in *terkʷ, while lacking compeling counter examples. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]])
::::::I know about the Scandinavian words [[kvitra]] (with daughter terms) and Dutch [[kwetteren]] for [[tweet]], [[twitter]], although it seems unclear if they are strictly related. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 13:46, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::::Cf. [[Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twitwizōną]]. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 13:51, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
::::::::Btw, is Frisian [[tsjotterje]] believed to be related, or would it have another origin? [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 16:21, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
::::::::Also, on a related note, there's Old Norse [[trana]] or [[trani]] from Proto-Germanic *[[Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kranô|kranô]]. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 16:21, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[fustee]], [[dustee]] ==

The racial terms. Any idea what the etymology of either is? Compare [[mustee]], [[costee]], which are from Spanish ''mestizo'', ''castizo''. A reference cited in ''[[costee]]'' suggests that it (or the alt form ''castee'') would be directly from Spanish ''casta'' by analogy to ''mustee'', so I suppose ''dustee'' could be from ''dusty'' or ''dust'' + ''-ee'' by analogy to ''mustee'', but I wonder if there's not a Spanish etymon. ''[[mustiphini]]'' from ''mestizo fino'' shows that the sound/form can become quite different from the original Spanish. [[User:-sche|- -sche]] [[User talk:-sche|(discuss)]] 21:13, 1 September 2021 (UTC)

:The old ''Century Dictionary'' speculates, with question mark, that ''fustee'' might be from ''mustee'' and ''dustee'' from ''fustee''. I almost wonder whether people connected ''mustee'' to ''musty'' and then derived ''fustee'' from {{m|en|fusty||musty}}, and ''dustee'' from ''dusty'': to this day I can find books calling someone's skin colour "dusty". [[User:-sche|- -sche]] [[User talk:-sche|(discuss)]] 03:57, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

::{{re|-sche}} What about PCel. {{m|cel-pro|*dusnos||dark, brown}}, cognate with L. {{m|la|fuscus}} and, so it seems, indeed with ''dust''? I noticed this while looking into [[Wiktionary:Etymology_scriptorium/2021/October#dune|*dʰewh₂-}}, but only after the battery of possibly misplaced Proto-Germanic words, to wit: *dauganą "to conceal, hide", poorly attested and synonym with "tunkal*" in OHG (Köbler) q. v. {{m|de|dunkel||dark, obscure}}), and by extension synonym with {{m|de|duster}}, of uncertain origin. If I would already speculate about a possibly Visigothic vector, and considering the fact that 1/32 or 1/16 black ancestry would have to be far from black (but cp. [[hoary]], [[hehr]], [[obscurus]]), it fits well--too well I suppose--that one hypothesis for ''duster'' < OSax. ''thiustri'' should be PIE *tewh₂- (albeit not explained nor sourced) which is tentatively linked to [[Dutch]] vel sim., y'know? The other hypothesis adduces *þimstr < *temH- (“dark”), with the doublet {{m|de|finster}}! It is understandable that the dental fricatives were not compared to *dusnos, but that the very topic was already concerned with Celtic burrowings ("dune" and "town") offers a striking parallel. In sum, there seems to have been repeated bastardization, or corruption, for lack of a better word. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 11:55, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

== [[maroon]], [[cimarrón]] ==

The English entry says the source of the Spanish word is Taino, while the Spanish entry says it's native Spanish from {{m|es|cima||mountaintop}}. Other references I can find also differ in which origin they state. Which is right? Generally, works which cite Taino say the Taino word meant "wild" and was applied by the Taino (and then the Spanish) to undomesticated plants and animals, but Helaine Silverman, D. Fairchild Ruggles, ''Cultural Heritage and Human Rights'' (2008), page 108, says the "Taino" word was applied to cattle that escaped domestication and ''took to the hills'' (emphasis mine); perhaps it is then that the word is Spanish and the Taino (once they shifted to speaking Spanish) are only responsible for a semantic development? [[User:-sche|- -sche]] [[User talk:-sche|(discuss)]] 07:06, 2 September 2021 (UTC)
:The [[:es:cimarrón#Etimología|Spanish Wiktionary]] mentions both etymological theories. It appears that the term originated in the Americas, which lends some support to the theory of Taíno origin, and afaik ''-(a)rrón'', although seen as an extension of {{m|es|-ón}} in {{m|es|abejarrón}}, otherwise does not carry a sense such as “dweller”. I can imagine though that {{m+|es|cima}} and the numerous Spanish words ending on ''-arrón'' influenced the form of the loanword. The [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=902468&orden=1&info=link first ref] given at the Spanish Wiktionary, a 57-page article entitled “Cimarrón: apuntes sobre sus primeras documentaciones y su probable origen” (”Cimarrón: notes on its first documentations and its probable origin”), gives an extensive discussion, resulting in the conclusion that the term comes from an indigenous Taíno word ''símaran'', a durative of the word ''símara'' meaning ''arrow'', like an arrow escaping the bow. I have not read the whole article, so I cannot judge how convincing its arguments are. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 12:41, 2 September 2021 (UTC)
::Thanks, I've expanded the entry. [[User:-sche|- -sche]] [[User talk:-sche|(discuss)]] 19:06, 4 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[deis]] ==

maybe from OldIr dess (right) < *deks-o- ; see Cymr. dehau and Bret. dehou from Celt. *deks-owo- see also Sk. daks-ina, Gr. δεξ-ιό-ς (dex-io-s), Lat. dex-ter
:Yes; I've added it now. —[[User:Mahagaja|Mahāgaja]] · [[User talk:Mahagaja|''talk'']] 08:07, 4 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[baluz]] ==

Can anyone provide a bit more specificity on what the "misunderstanding" was: misreading, or mistaking the meaning...? I want to check because it seems like this could be categorized as (etymologically) a [[:Category:Ghost words by language|ghost word]]. [[User:-sche|- -sche]] [[User talk:-sche|(discuss)]] 19:07, 4 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[hammer]] ==

What about [http://languagehat.com/pecan-vs-pecan/ Hyllested’s ideas]? --[[User:Espoo|Espoo]] ([[User talk:Espoo|talk]]) 07:40, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
:whose dissertation can be downloaded [https://research.ku.dk/search/result/?pure=en%2Fpublications%2Fword-exchange-at-the-gates-of-europe(eb5167e5-9c93-4e4e-948c-4e55d2960dd1).html here]. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 08:11, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

::This is very interesting, especially in view of a later paper about Finnic reflexes of laryngeals as *s, but the argument concludes in an appeal to ignorance, however valid, that a Slavic intermediate may have existed, which lacking cannot be included, naturally. The criticizm of Slavic "stone" is very real, see @AlexB over at [https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/a/37579/22504 Stackexchange]] with further references, and an atypical conclusion: ''Languages are very complex phenomena and they cannot be adequately described with "die Lautgesetze kennen keine Ausnahmen."'' I'd subscribe to that.
::The current ety suffers from the fact that there's no independent evidence to the particular formation in the same sense. It may have had *-mn, but that's mostly guess work. Personally I would rather refer to the Latin and Slavic words for [[hammer#translation]] from *mel-, cp. ''marcellus, martellus, mortar and pistle'' (see also [[Fäustling]]) and suppose a prefix like Grimm alternant of the ga-prefix, cp. ''confect, commerce, comeo'' (as in Lillehammer?) when it was still meaningful, or perhaps *ḱeh3-, cf. {{m|la|cos}}. The type with a slanted edge is not really used for pounding, mind. It's imaginable that various confluences fell together, because, as the saying goes, if everything you have is a hammer ... [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 12:35, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

== [[buffer]] ==

I split out the sense " A good-humoured, slow-witted fellow, usually an elderly man" to a separate ety on the basis of what other dictionaries do, but we also have the sense "The chief bosun's mate", which is presently under the same ety as the pH-stabiliser, portion of computer memory, device to cushion impact on trains, etc. etc. It occurred to me that the "bosun's mate" sense could in fact be the same ety as the "fellow" sense, but I cannot find verification of this. Does anyone know for sure where this sense belongs, or can find out? [[User:Mihia|Mihia]] ([[User talk:Mihia|talk]]) 19:17, 6 September 2021 (UTC) I did find one definition [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CwL7bqZKFaYC&pg=PA87&dq=buffer%22] which reads 'a navy term for a boatswain's mate, part of whose duties is to administer the "cat"', possibly as if administering the "cat" explained the term. [[User:Mihia|Mihia]] ([[User talk:Mihia|talk]]) 19:26, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
: The "[[cat-o'-nine-tails|cat]]" referred to is not something I would ever associate with the phrase "good-humoured"... [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz]] ([[User talk:Chuck Entz|talk]]) 19:52, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
:: Yeah, I'm beginning to think it probably has nothing to do with the "fellow" sense, but whether it belongs in its existing place either, I don't know. [[User:Mihia|Mihia]] ([[User talk:Mihia|talk]]) 20:10, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
::: Thinking again about the "cat" association, it now seems to me more likely that it is connected with the "leather" sense, ultimately connected with "buffalo", in which case this sense of "buffer" probably should go under ety 1. [[User:Mihia|Mihia]] ([[User talk:Mihia|talk]]) 21:34, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
:::: I found a book that [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Grey_Funnel_Lines/ak5ACwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=buffer+boatswain+mate&pg=PA164&printsec=frontcover discusses the issue], though it doesn't come to a definitive conclusion. [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz]] ([[User talk:Chuck Entz|talk]]) 23:50, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
::::: {{reply to|Chuck Entz}} Thanks. Google won't show me that content; would it be possible for you to give me the gist of it, if it's not too long and complicated? [[User:Mihia|Mihia]] ([[User talk:Mihia|talk]]) 17:37, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::: {{ping|Mihia}} Google is real picky about showing things from one country domain to people from another one. You might have better luck if you replace "google.com" with "google.co.uk" in the URL. Anyway, the book says the most common explanation is that the boatswain's mates act as a "buffer" between the officers and the rest of the crew. It then mentions an 1864 slang dictionary that says, in reference to the buffer's use of the "cat", that it might be from [[buff]], as in bare skin, and finally gives the author's own theory that it might be from [[buff]], apparently an obsolete term meaning to strike a blow or [[buffet]]. [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz]] ([[User talk:Chuck Entz|talk]]) 02:23, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
::::::: {{reply to|Chuck Entz}} I changed it to co.uk and it worked! Thanks for that tip. If the mate acts as a "buffer" between the officers and the rest of the crew, then this sense is in the correct section. I feel ''slightly'' sceptical about this "most common explanation", but since I really have no idea I will leave it alone. Thanks for your help. [[User:Mihia|Mihia]] ([[User talk:Mihia|talk]]) 13:00, 8 September 2021 (UTC)

== {{l|sga|fáilte}} ==

Anyone got an etymology for {{m-self|sga|fáilte||welcome}} or {{m|sga|fáilid||happy}}? There's nothing in Vendryes, Matasovic, or Pokorny. —[[User:Caoimhin ceallach|caoimhinoc]] ([[User talk:Caoimhin ceallach|talk]]) 00:22, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
:There is something at {{m+|gv|failt}}. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 08:10, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
::That's the same there is a ''fáilte''. I'm looking for a source. —[[User:Caoimhin ceallach|caoimhinoc]] ([[User talk:Caoimhin ceallach|talk]]) 14:23, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

== Rupee and Ruble ==
The etymologies for these two words denote their meanings in their respective languages; rupee comes from a word meaning stamped and ruble from one meaning cut. There seems to have been minimal effort to trace each word back to its PIE root. Considering that Russian and Hindustani are both Indo-European languages and the words have a similar form and original meaning, I wonder if they are descended from the same root, but it is beyond my ability at this time to research that now. [[Special:Contributions/2408:8221:2D:BBD0:35D8:D8C3:6988:B3B3|2408:8221:2D:BBD0:35D8:D8C3:6988:B3B3]] 10:20, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
:The roots of the words seem to be Sanskrit [[रूप्]] (form, shape) and [[Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rǫbiti]] (to chop), but the Sanskrit lemma doesn't have any etymology. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 12:19, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
:: The Sanskrit root {{m|sa|रूप्}} is said to be a back-formation from the noun {{m|sa|रूप}}, i.e. a {{glossary|denominal}} verb. This can be seen in the [https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csl-apidev/servepdf.php?dict=MW&page=885 MW dictionary (the last two entries on the page)]. --[[User:Frigoris|Frigoris]] ([[User talk:Frigoris|talk]]) 12:58, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
:Interesting analogy and admittedly possible on the face of it. (I know of one comparable case: {{m|ine-pro|*peḱu-||cattle}}, leading to {{m|la|pecunia}} and {{m|en|fee}}. Livestock was apparently the most important form of wealth for the Indo-Europeans.) But the meaning 'currency' doesn't go back very far in either language. I also don't see how a Sanskrit /p/ could be related to Russian /b/. I'd put this one with accidental similarity. —[[User:Caoimhin ceallach|caoimhinoc]] ([[User talk:Caoimhin ceallach|talk]]) 12:50, 8 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/néh₂us#rfv-etymology-notice-ine-pro-|Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/néh₂us]] ==

RFV of the etimology. {{unsigned-ip|2A01:E0A:9B9:A870:C847:43C3:7976:714C|18:06, 8 September 2021 (UTC)}}
: Well, it says “usually”, so I guess it is in many sources and one of them is in the lengthy reference list, have you even looked? The Semitic word is apparently the one I described under {{m|ar|إِنَاء}}. [[User:Fay Freak|Fay Freak]] ([[User talk:Fay Freak|talk]]) 18:13, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
::I'd second a rfv of the Gamkrelidze/Ivanov claim. Don't see how that could work. —[[User:Caoimhin ceallach|caoimhinoc]] ([[User talk:Caoimhin ceallach|talk]]) 19:18, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
::: Agreed, this etymology is beyond farfetched. --<code>&#123;&#123;[[User:Victar|victar]]|[[User talk:Victar|talk]]&#125;&#125;</code> 06:03, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[raviolo]] ==

What is the "[[rava]]" that is alluded to? Is this just another form of [[rapa]] (turnip)? If so, doesn't that derive from Latin [[rapum]] rather than Dutch? I'm confused what the Dutch influence is supposed to be, if any. [[Special:Contributions/70.175.192.217|70.175.192.217]] 06:57, 9 September 2021 (UTC)
: The Dutch part was grafted on to the etymology {{diff|23678296|text=in 2013}} by a user who's added lots of bad etymologies over the years: they're much, much better than they were back then, but they still make lots of mistakes. It looks like they were trying to combine the etymology that was there with the etymology for {{m+|en|ravel}}, with predictable results. I've removed that part as obvious incompetent nonsense. [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz]] ([[User talk:Chuck Entz|talk]]) 08:01, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[馨]] pronunciation xīng ==

{{ping|Suzukaze-c}} You wrote an rfe asking why the Mandarin reading does not end in -ng. According to MOEDict, xīng is indeed an alternative pronunciation which I've added to the entry, but I do feel that there is probably more to it etymologicaly, considering that -ng is the expected Mandarin ending. [[User:ChromeGames923|ChromeGames923]] ([[User talk:ChromeGames923|talk]]) 00:26, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

== tumma ==

Finnish [[tumma]], Estonian tume, Voro tummõ etc. can't be connected to Proto-Slavic [[tьma|*tьma]] both meaning "dark,darkness"? [[User:Kutkar|Kutkar]] ([[User talk:Kutkar|talk]]) 11:24, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
:The entry is located under [[Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma]]. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 15:18, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

== Xhosa ''[[imali#Xhosa|ímalí]]'' and Zulu ''[[imali#Zulu|ímalí]]'' ==

According to OED, English {{m|en|mali#Etymology 2|mali|t=money}} is “from {{bor|en|xh|imali}}, {{bor|en|zu|imali|t=money}}, both ultimately from {{der|en|en|money}}.” Our Xhosa and Zulu entries state they are “from {{der|xh|sw|mali}}, ultimately from {{der|xh|ar|مال}}.” The Xhosa entry references “Sergio Baldi, “Swahili”, in: ''Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics'' (2011)”. [[User:Sgconlaw|Sgconlaw]] [[Talk:mali#Etymology (money sense)|states]] “this [the OED entry] is a new entry first published June 2000 (so not an old entry that has yet to be reviewed)”. Which is the correct etymology? [[User:J3133|J3133]] ([[User talk:J3133|talk]]) 13:37, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
: Just wondering if it is likely for Arabic to influence Zulu? Are there many Muslim Zulus, perhaps? — [[User:Sgconlaw|SGconlaw]] ([[User talk:Sgconlaw|talk]]) 13:45, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
::The OED is not especially reliable for borrowings; they simply don't have the necessary breadth of expertise. Baldi is not always right, but the distributional evidence he cites makes this clearly favourable to the alternative, which requires an unmotivated shift from /n/ to /l/. {{ping|Sgconlaw}}, Arabic did not directly influence Zulu, but if you looked at Baldi's evidence, it would become immediately clear that multiple individual borrowings with the same semantic shift is highly unparsimonious.
::{{ping|J3133}}, is there a reason you added this to June's subpage? I suggest you move it to the current page. —[[User:Metaknowledge|Μετάknowledge]]<small><sup>''[[User talk:Metaknowledge|discuss]]/[[Special:Contributions/Metaknowledge|deeds]]''</sup></small> 18:18, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
:: There don't have to be. Arab traders had extensive dealings all along the east coast of Africa and [[Swahili]] developed as a [[lingua franca]] for Africans to communicate with Arabs and each other. There have been Zulu speakers who also spoke Swahili for a long, long time. [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz]] ([[User talk:Chuck Entz|talk]]) 18:24, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
::: So is it advisable to cite both etymologies as alternatives, or only the Arabic one? If the latter, we should provide a fuller citation to Baldi, and I think we should at least mention the OED’s etymology and explain why we feel it is less plausible. Who can draft something appropriate? — [[User:Sgconlaw|SGconlaw]] ([[User talk:Sgconlaw|talk]]) 18:33, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
:::: I'm not a fan of these maximal English etymologies, but I know you are, so I added more text to satisfy you. —[[User:Metaknowledge|Μετάknowledge]]<small><sup>''[[User talk:Metaknowledge|discuss]]/[[Special:Contributions/Metaknowledge|deeds]]''</sup></small> 19:16, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
::::: {{reply|Metaknowledge}} thanks. Might I add that a fuller explanation with sources as you have added would probably avoid someone coming along in the future and changing it back to the OED version. — [[User:Sgconlaw|SGconlaw]] ([[User talk:Sgconlaw|talk]]) 20:04, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
::::::In my humble opinion, I prefer those "maximal etymologies" to the situation where two related words have contrasting etymologies with a "more at" note, such as [[are]] and [[art]]. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 21:28, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

== [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Proto-Anatolian_terms_with_IPA_pronunciation Proto-Anatolian terms with IPA pronunciation] ==

I don't know anything about Proto-Anatolian, so this request may be entirely unjustified, but many of the IPA transcriptions look rather strange. In particular, the great majority of consonants are geminated. The word for "bear" is {{IPAchar|/ħːŕ̩tːkːɔs/}}, for example. I just want to mention it, so it can be ruled out that someone conjured up something funny here, because I've seen it once before with IPA in a less prominent language. [[Special:Contributions/88.64.225.109|88.64.225.109]] 04:49, 15 September 2021 (UTC)
:Courtesy link: {{m|ine-ana-pro|*Hŕ̥tḱos#Pronunciation}}. It looks a bit strange, but a cursory inspection suggests that [[User:Tom 144|the editor who added this]] is quite capable and knowledgeable. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 08:14, 15 September 2021 (UTC)
::Having skimmed over the entries in [[:Category:Proto-Anatolian terms with IPA pronunciation]], it is apparent that [ː] is used to indicate a fortis-lenis distinction (e.g. ''d'' [t] vs. ''t'' [tː]), so it seems to be ok. Even ''H'' [ħː] is solid, since Melchert uses ''H'' for the voiceless laryngeal and ''h'' for the voiced one.
::But I agree, without explanatory notes (e.g. in [[Wiktionary:About Proto-Anatolian]] or the linked WP page [[w:Proto-Anatolian_language]]) and ideally a source for this phonetic interpretation of Melchert's reconstruction, it ''is'' confusing. Which brings us back to [[Wiktionary:Beer_parlour/2021/August#IPA_for_reconstructed_languages]]. –[[User:Austronesier|Austronesier]] ([[User talk:Austronesier|talk]]) 09:22, 15 September 2021 (UTC)
:::At the very least it needs the asterisk marked up, conventionally, also for Proto-Germanic
:::Whether it's fine and reliable, or not, is entirely relative to how useful this is, as Mahagaja and Austronesier said in that thread, but I disagree that the about-pages are better places to deal with. Because, if the verbose explanation may use IPA for clarity, there'd be need to avoid it in the reconstruction entry, where the reader is more likely to look first. The international standard is a good choice, because it is easier to research generally speaking. It's just a bit of funny punctuation added. However, that point is crucial. 
:::I favor Victar's judgement to remove the pronounciation, nevertheless, if only to avoid uncomfortable discussions. Like, I'm worried about the age old question around the linguistic reality of reconstruction, such as in this case. This thread is concerned with verification, not policy. I see no way to verify that PA had /*ħ/, if it rests mostly on Sumero-Akkadian Cuniform readings from many centuries later. I'm in no position to criticize it appropriately, but it seems too important to accept unchallenged for laryngeal theory, if the only resolution seems to be that it's broad transcription with several possible representations in a narrower sense, and underlying *h2, *h3. It's still unclear to me what that really means to you. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 06:58, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
::::Yes, adding IPA to reconstructions as in this case creates an illusion of unverifiable precision (like /*ħ/ for PA ''*H'', or saying that PA lenes were unvoiced) which historical linguists don't offer in many cases–for good reasons. It's like adding geographical coordinates to a country infobox in WP. Some proto-sounds are like Singapore or Liechtenstein and can be pinned down in a meaningful way, but for others the range of possibilities and opinions is as large as Brazil. –[[User:Austronesier|Austronesier]] ([[User talk:Austronesier|talk]]) 07:53, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::This moves into policy territory, but a heading '''Reconstructed pronunciation''' will remove any unwarranted illusion of precision. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 12:36, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::: I'm sorry I committed several typoes. Now, I reckon, that about-page exclusive treatment of the phonology could be justified by a need to be verbose and even handed. A heading '' 'reconstructed pronunciation''' does not offer the needed level of detail. Anyhow, I had meant to say the opposite, that a single Cesar Chiffre or other rule set using IPA would pave the way for including the corollary data in the entries. So, "there'd be [no] need to avoid it [...]". However, the way it is now it set precedent by way of [[anchoring]], largely dictating content for the about-page. And it seems to be mistaken: I have by the way revisited Kloekhorst 2018 on the matter (though the download from his page seems to be broken), who summarized a forming consensus on PA '''uvular stops''', largely following Weiss 2016 and others but citing Melchert 1994 as uncertain. What has changed since then? Craig Melchert has recently published 78 pages of a chapter on "The Position of Anatolian" in draft for preview (so not a good reference per se, but see [https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Melchert/recent_papers.html his page]), where it does tentatively suggest labialized uvulars '''*/xʷ/''' [xʷ] eg. for the case of {{m|ine-ana-pro|*tr̥Hʷánts}} as the outcome of *h2w, if I am not mistaken. The exposition is slightly cryptic, but pharyngeals (viz. [[ħ]]) are nowhere to be found. {{ping|Tom 144|Lambian|Austronesier}} [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 07:25, 17 September 2021 (UTC)
::::::: {{re|ApisAzuli}} Thanks for pointing out these sources. From what I can get there, Melcherts "conventional" ''*H''/''*h'' are now interpreted by him as [x]/[ɣ], and as [qː]/[q] by Kloekhorst. So the transcription /ħːŕ̩tːkːɔs/ contains a hybrid of Kloekhorst's length interpretation of the fortis-lenis contrast (see [https://www.kloekhorst.nl/KloekhorstTheAnatolianStopSystemAndTheIndoHittiteHypothesis.pdf Kloekhorst (2016)]), and the common pharyngeal interpretation of ''*h<sub>2</sub>'' and ''*h<sub>3</sub>'' (which is rejected by Kloekhorst). –[[User:Austronesier|Austronesier]] ([[User talk:Austronesier|talk]]) 12:38, 17 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::::: A convenient way of expressing the fortis/lenis distinction in IPA is with the "strong articulation" diacritic {{IPAfont|◌͈}} from the {{w|Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet}} for the fortis series, leaving the lenis series unmarked. We already use it for [[Appendix:Korean pronunciation|Korean]] and [[Appendix:Old Irish pronunciation|Old Irish]]. {{IPAchar|/ħ͈ŕ̩t͈k͈ɔs/}} or {{IPAchar|/x͈ŕ̩t͈k͈ɔs/}} might look less startling than with length marks. Nevertheless, I am still opposed to the inclusion of IPA transcriptions for proto-languages. [[WT:About Proto-Anatolian]] should have a discussion of the various proposals for the phonetic realization of each reconstructed phoneme, but the entry itself shouldn't give pronunciation information, IMO. —[[User:Mahagaja|Mahāgaja]] · [[User talk:Mahagaja|''talk'']] 14:16, 17 September 2021 (UTC)
: Yeah, I was noticing this the other day on {{m|ine-ana-pro|*tr̥Hʷánts}} (since I'm working on the PIE entry). ''Hʷ'' is controversial enough, let's not reconstruct largyngeals. --<code>&#123;&#123;[[User:Victar|victar]]|[[User talk:Victar|talk]]&#125;&#125;</code> 20:27, 17 September 2021 (UTC)

== Can somebody verify the etymology of [[glamour]]? ==

This [https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=glamour&diff=63433989&oldid=62349834#English] edit was made by a rather disruptive user [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/2603:900A:2308:2DD1:D9E2:3FFA:DC5C:5294/32]. --[[User:Fytcha|Fytcha]] ([[User talk:Fytcha|talk]]) 17:24, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
:The Norse hypothesis is standing since September 2010.
:The writing style of the more recent edit is rejectable and should be reverted. The previous version is not perfect either, because we would usually leave details up to the respective entry and simply gloss "moon", or nothing, which was not supported by the templates in 2010,I imagine. If the editor was serious they had better create the respective entry, where the quotation is a better fit. Adding qualifications into the competing, thus far accepted hypothesis changes very little, because the template system does not support probabilistic reckoning (does it?) and the tone is too confrontational anyway. It should be understood that almost all etymologies are hypothetical to varying degrees.
:More over, they fail to see that the Norse alternative might, hypothetically speaking, also apply to the Scottish etymon, whether that's intended or not. This point of view should give them some rest. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 19:10, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
::I've not heard of the Norse connection before, but I found some corroborating info here [[http://www.germanic-lexicon-project.org/cgi-bin/gmc_search_v3?cmd=formquery2&query=glamr+@loose]] under ''GLÁMR''. [[User:Leasnam|Leasnam]] ([[User talk:Leasnam|talk]]) 04:53, 17 September 2021 (UTC)
:::Etymonline mentions it, as well. [https://www.etymonline.com/word/glamour#etymonline_v_33676] [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 11:21, 17 September 2021 (UTC)
:‘glamour’ is definitely from Scots. OED says so. All the oldest citations are from Scotland. The text should make clear that the two hypotheses—''gramarye'' or ''glámr''—pertain to the origin of the Scots word. They both seem equally likely to me. I think they should be brief and the Scots entry can optionally contain a more detailed discussion. —[[User:Caoimhin ceallach|Caoimhin ceallach]] ([[User talk:Caoimhin ceallach|talk]]) 01:11, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
::I might buy into an etymological confluence of two tributaries, ''gramarye'' <u>and</u> ''glámr'', whose collusion gave birth to {{m+|sco|glamer}}. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 09:51, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[天堂#rfv-etymology-notice-zh-|天堂]] ==

RFV of the etymology. —&nbsp;[[User:Justinrleung|justin(r)leung]]&nbsp;<sub>{&nbsp;[[User_talk:Justinrleung|(t...)]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[Special:Contributions/Justinrleung|c=›]]&nbsp;}</sub> 21:37, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Justinrleung|p=,}} most likely incorrect or at least inaccurate in the form as it is presented now. {{m+|sa|देवसभा}} means literally a {{m|sa|सभा|t=assembly hall}} of the {{m|sa|देव}}s, which doesn't match the meanings of the {{m+|zh|天堂}} as defined in the entry. In Buddhist mythology, there's a ''devasabhā'' hall by the name {{m|sa||सुधर्मा}} in the ''Trāyastriṃśa'' heaven of Śakra (Indra). (This is also the name of a hall of the {{w|Yadava|Yādava}}s in the ''{{w|Harivaṃśa}}''). In extant translations in Chinese Buddhism the word ''devasabhā'' was typically glossed over while a phrase like "the ''devasabhā'' known as Sudharmā" was translated together as {{lang|zh|善法堂}} from its name; ''su-'' (good) + ''dharma'' + ''-ā'' (feminine ending to agree with ''sabhā''). There's a mention though, in the classical Sanskrit-Tibetan-Chinese glossary book ''{{w|Mahāvyutpatti}}''; you can [http://www2.hf.uio.no/common/apps/permlink/permlink.php?app=polyglotta&context=record&uid=0eaf252c-afa6-11df-b371-001cc4df1abe see the mentioning here] where ''devasabhā'' was glossed as {{lang|zh|天堂}} or {{lang|zh|靈霄殿}}. However, this cannot be understood to mean that it was actually used like that in the texts, nor that the Chinese term {{lang|zh|天堂}} first ever arose from a translation of ''devasabhā''. Most of the earliest attestations of the Chinese term couldn't be "mapped" to an Indic original. Some later authors such as {{w|Yijing (monk)}} used it quite idiomatically (as in modern usage) to translate any word in the sense of "heaven; paradise" without the {{m|sa|सभा}} stuff; e.g. for {{m|sa|दिव्य|t=heavenly; celestial|pos=adj}}, as in the phrase {{m|sa|[[दिव्य|दिव्येषु]] [[काम|कामेषु]]|t=in heavenly delights}} -> {{lang|zh|受天堂樂}} in the {{lang|zh|《根本説一切有部毘奈耶藥事》}}. --[[User:Frigoris|Frigoris]] ([[User talk:Frigoris|talk]]) 08:12, 23 September 2021 (UTC)
:Also, if {{ping|Kungming2}} (who added the etymology) is out there, do you have some source for the etymology? --[[User:Frigoris|Frigoris]] ([[User talk:Frigoris|talk]]) 08:44, 23 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaša|Proto-Slavic/kaša]] ==

Is it more parsimonious to assume Lithuanian košė and Slavic kaša are siblings, or that one borrowed from the other (which would most likely be Lithuanian borrowing from Slavic)? Košė does seem slightly more like the hypothesized related Lithuanian word košti which makes me think it could be independent, but I wasn't able to find any source either way. (Also, this is my first time making a Reconstruction page so I'm not sure if I did it right. I copied it from another and then modified the details. Might have gotten something wrong.) [[Special:Contributions/70.175.192.217|70.175.192.217]] 21:59, 17 September 2021 (UTC)
:The Lithuanian verb is real, more often as perfective [https://en.opentran.net/english-lithuanian/filtering.html nukošti]. There are however multiple problems with that hypothesis:
:*Different intonation (it doesn't change easily in Baltic languages).
:*The Latvian counterpart kāst "to filter, to decant" does not produce a noun; there's a regionalism [https://tezaurs.lv/ka%C5%A1as kašas] ''pl'' but that's clearly from kasīt "to scratch".
:*Filtering or decanting isn't actually involved in making porridge.
:Therefore, košė is more likely a borrowing from Slavic. [[User:Panya kijivu|Panya kijivu]] ([[User talk:Panya kijivu|talk]]) 20:16, 14 October 2021 (UTC)

== {{l|tr|korku}}, {{l|tr|-u}} and {{l|tr|-i}}  ==

The entry at Turkish {{m|tr|-u}} introduces this suffix as a nominalizing suffix, providing the example {{m|tr|korku}}. This in itself is already dubious as it doesn't mention vowel harmony, and I wouldn't expect -u to be used as the canonical form. 

But when following the link to this example word, the etymology now links to another suffix {{m|tr|-i}}. In this page in turn, no mention is made about any nominalizing function.

Can a Turkish editor clarify? [[User:Sitaron|Sitaron]] ([[User talk:Sitaron|talk]]) 04:48, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
: It looks like there are two issues: whether [[:-u]] should be the lemma, and what its definition should be. I've addressed the first by posting it at [[WT:RFM]], but I have no clue about the other one. [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz]] ([[User talk:Chuck Entz|talk]]) 05:51, 18 September 2021 (UTC)

: {{reply|Sitaron}} {{m|tr|-u}} is a harmonized form of {{m|tr|-i}}, as are {{m|tr|-ü}} and {{m|tr|-ı}}. It is correct that they are a derivational suffix to form a noun from a verb (cf. {{m|tr|yazı}}, {{m|tr|ölçü}}, {{m|tr|koku}} and many more). --[[User:Fytcha|Fytcha]] ([[User talk:Fytcha|talk]]) 09:45, 18 September 2021 (UTC)

: {{reply|Sitaron}} As for canonicalization, Wiktionary doesn't do this for Turkish suffixes unfortunately, see for instance {{m|tr|-im}}, {{m|tr|-ım}}, {{m|tr|-um}}, {{m|tr|-üm}} (only one of them contains all three meanings and the complete etymology). If I were to decide, I'd make all but the canonical forms of the suffixes into pages whose only purpose is to refer to the canonical form of the suffix (as in [[-dük]]). 

: The canonical forms are those with ''i'' and ''e''. --[[User:Fytcha|Fytcha]] ([[User talk:Fytcha|talk]]) 09:54, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
:: A possible approach would be to have a consolidated entry {{m|tr|-ı/-i/-u/-ü}}, with definitions for separate entries {{m|tr|-ı}} etcetera of the form “''Vowel-harmonized form of'' {{m|tr|-ı|-ı/-i/-u/-ü}}&thinsp;”. A similar approach can be used for ''-ler/-lar'' and other context-dependent suffix variation such as ''-(y)ken'' and ''-de/-da/-te/-ta''. For ''korku'' the etymology should then use “From {{mono|<nowiki>{{|tr|korkmak|ı/-i/-u/-ü|alt2=u|alt1=kork-|t1=to be afraid}}</nowiki>}}”. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 09:38, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
:::I support this idea. What about deverbal verb-forming suffixes, for example Turkish reflexive suffix is written as -n- in linguistics however verbs with this suffix combined with both of the inflectional and noun-forming suffix -n in [[:Category:Turkish words suffixed with -n|Turkish words suffixed with -n]]. Should we handle it like [[:Category:Turkish_words_suffixed_with_-e|Turkish words suffixed with -e]] and [[:Category:Turkish_words_suffixed_with_-e_(dative)|Turkish words suffixed with -e (dative)]] or like [[:Category:Turkish_words_suffixed_with_-la|Turkish words suffixed with -la]] and [[:Category:Turkish_words_suffixed_with_-la-|Turkish words suffixed with -la-]].
:::Is it OK to use minus sign after the suffix and what about plus sign before it if it's denominal. [[User:MhmtÖ|MhmtÖ]] ([[User talk:MhmtÖ|talk]]) 14:19, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

== An Entry for the Hebrew Word: כיח is MISSING ==

Hello,

Could anyone knowledgeable enough would please ADD an ENTRY to Wiktionary for the MISSING above-referenced Hebrew word (hopefully, with its Arabic/Aramaic cognates)/

Thank you,

[[User:AK63|AK63]] ([[User talk:AK63|talk]]) 05:22, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
: That doesn't seem like an etymological question. Have you tried [[WT:Requested_entries_(Hebrew)#כ]]? [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz]] ([[User talk:Chuck Entz|talk]]) 06:05, 18 September 2021 (UTC)

:There is [[כיח|one]] now, but did you mean the Mishnaic noun {{lang|he|כִּיחַ}} or the modern verb [[:he:כיח#כִּיֵּחַ|{{lang|he|כִּיֵּחַ}}]]? &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 09:13, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

== Possible relation of Proto-Bantu {{l|bnt-pro|*ncímbá}} and PIE {{l|ine-pro|*sinǵʰo-}} ==

I do not know how this Etymology Scriptorium works (I would be surprised if this theory actually comes into consideration), but just wanted to let a few people know that these are a possible pair.

If the relation is unclear, consider Swahili {{l|sw|simba}} and Sanskrit {{l|sa|सिंह|tr="siṃhá"}}

(I do not know how they are related, but I did hear that us Indians used to trade a lot with East Africa) ॥ [[User talk:BrightSunMan|☼]] [[User:BrightSunMan|সূর্যমান]] [[Special:Contributions/BrightSunMan|☽]] ॥ 14:34, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
:According to [[Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sinȷ́ʰás]], they're unrelated. According to [[User:Metaknowledge]]. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 16:02, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
:According to Mayrhofer <ref>{{R:inc:EWAia|vol=2|page=728}}</ref> “The reminiscence of Swahili ''simba'' “lion” is clearly coincidental” (My translation). —[[User:Caoimhin ceallach|Caoimhin ceallach]] ([[User talk:Caoimhin ceallach|talk]]) 16:13, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
<small><references/></small>
:: Mayrhofer has no experties in African languages, is it? Meta has worked in Bantu languages, but is no expert in Indo-Iranian, has erred before, and the line only says "likely unrelated". The question has been posted on every etymology forum on the internet and it is always struck down under the iron doctrine of coincidence, without irony or anything amounting to an argument. Although, there are so many languages between, below and above this and that, like Elamite and Dravidian and a couple unknown ones too, that nobody could be expected to show an unambiguous path of transmission at the supposed time-depth.
:: The Indo-Iranian reconstruction rests on a single reflex and should be technically inadmissable because of it; the further reconstruction all the more, if it would be incompatible with the central Asian donor hypothesis. It refers to a wanderword, so the timing might be based on a suspected donor, but we clearly can't say which one. Bantu has a problem with dating as well because of the lack of writing. The *n is a noun-class prefix and should not distract from the question. Howsoever, the animal is and was native to both continents, so trade relations are per se no argument. The question would be, what kind of relation to expect. Since the words can be unrelated coincidents, the default answer is what you see here. 
::On another note, the Iranian forms tentatively attributed to a different donor don't look anything alike, and the Indo-Aryan cognates under for that one root differ quite a bit in meaning. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 04:46, 19 September 2021 (UTC)
:::The question that would need to be answered for any kind of a connection is where the Bantu *b comes from or where does it go in Indo-Iranian. Note that ''ṃ'' is not an /m/ but rather marks nasalization: /sĩɦə/, so we cannot even assume anything like *m > *mb. --[[User:Tropylium|Tropylium]] ([[User talk:Tropylium|talk]]) 09:35, 24 September 2021 (UTC)

== Incomplete etymology for "diopside" ==
[[diopside#English]]

The entry gives two mineralogy articles for further reading, which have some etymology notes, but they conflict with each other and with Wikipedia's non-referenced assertion (see bullet points). If we assume Min.dat has misread Greek lettering, some of the conflict is resolved.
; Min.dat "[https://www.mindat.org/min-1294.html Diopside]": Named in 1806 by Rene Just Haüy From the Greek [[διζ-]] for "double" and [[οψτζ-]] "appearance," in allusion to two possible orientations of the prism zone.
; Webmineral's "[http://webmineral.com/data/Diopside.shtml Diopside]": From the Greek [[δις|dis]] - "two kinds" and [[ὄψις|opsis]] - "opinion."
; Wikipedia's "[[wikipedia:Diopside|Diopside]]" article (uncited): Diopside derives its name from the Greek [[δις|dis]], "twice", and [[ὀψέ|òpsè]], "face" in reference to the two ways of orienting the vertical prism.
; Current Wiktionary entry (uncited): {{der|en|grc|||through}} + {{m|grc|||view}}
——[[User:JavaRogers|JavaRogers]] ([[User talk:JavaRogers|talk]]) 23:08, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
:[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diopside Merriam-Webster] and [https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=diopside AHD] both agree it's from {{m+|fr|diopside}}, from {{m|fr|di-|t=two}} (from {{m+|grc|δίς}}) + {{m|grc|ὄψις}}. —[[User:Mahagaja|Mahāgaja]] · [[User talk:Mahagaja|''talk'']] 21:13, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

:Mindat.org’s stem {{lang|grc|οψτζ-}} is phonotactically impossible. {{m+|grc|ὄψις}} means “aspect, appearance, view, sight, vision”. Perhaps it can be used figuratively for “viewpoint, opinion”, but this is definitely not a primary meaning. {{m+|grc|ὀψέ}} does exist but is an adverb meaning “late”. The noun {{m|grc|ὄψ}} means “eye, face”, but its stem is {{lang|grc|ὄπ-}}, so its use should have given rise to <sup><span style="font-size:75%">✽</span></sup>''diopide'' (cf. {{m|en|dinopid}}). &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 08:58, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
:Diopside seems to be from {{m+|grc|δίοψις}} which is a rare term for "transparency" and therefore analysable as {{m+|grc|διά}} + {{m+|grc|ὄψις}}; the mineral in its pure form is (according to wikipedia) transparent. οψτζ looks like an attempt to imitate the letter forms of ὄψις without knowing the Greeek script, ὀψέ in the wp-article is clearly a misreading of ὄψις. The explanations with {{m+|grc|δίς}} can be regarded as folk etymologies. --[[User:Akletos|Akletos]] ([[User talk:Akletos|talk]]) 09:30, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
::I’ve adjusted the etymology accordingly. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 04:49, 21 September 2021 (UTC)
:::I assume the etymologies for related cognates also should be adjusted, if there's time. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 11:31, 21 September 2021 (UTC)

== Thai [[กระท่อม]] etymology 2 -- possibly from Sanskrit [[क्रतु]]? ==

I am outside my usual field of knowledge/interest here, but I am a Latinist who is currently learning Attic Greek.

I came across greek kratos in my studies, and being aware of Kratom, on a total whim I wondered if it was at all possible the two were related.
Thanks to wiktionary, I came across क्रतु which is cognate with the Greek word, of course, but also could/would have definitely been transmitted to the region in which Kratom grows.
The two words are obviously both phonologically similar. Kratom being an intoxicating plant used by the locals with opioidergic effects, the Sanskrit word has clear significant semantic similarity to the psychoactive effects of the plant, ie. "power, might, ability".

I, however, know nothing of Thai, and I don't know how the phonological or morphological "arithmetic" works out here. I'm sure however that there are probably Thai words which are loaned from Sanskrit, and so I'm assuming the "arithmetic" is known. My only question is, thus, if it is at all possible that the two words are related? [[User:Arxandr|Arxandr]] ([[User talk:Arxandr|talk]]) 23:38, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
:Initially, the semantic shift seem pretty far-fetched to me. Not any more believable than the connection between a hut and the tree it's made of (?), anyway... [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 13:42, 19 September 2021 (UTC)
::Hmm, the tree might be too weak for cottage material, when I look at the images. Possibly the leaves could be used for rain cover, if anything. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 13:59, 19 September 2021 (UTC)
::: You're looking at the wrong etymology section. The "hut" etymology is from Khmer. The idea being discussed is whether people borrowed the Sanskrit word as the name of the plant due a perceived connection between the effects of the plant and the meaning of the Sanskrit word. [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz]] ([[User talk:Chuck Entz|talk]]) 14:48, 19 September 2021 (UTC)
::::No, I thought that it might be a connection between the two Thai words, although they had different meanings, but on second thought, that might be an incorrect assumption, as well. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 18:56, 19 September 2021 (UTC)
:::: These two are not related. The [tʰ] in the Thai word is spelled with ท. This was a plain voiced stop [d] in earlier stages of Thai and is the regular rendering of द ''d'' in loans from Sanskrit and Pali, e.g. {{m|th|เทพ}} from {{m+|sa|देव}}. The त in क्रतु however remains an unaspirated [t] in Thai and is spelled with ต, e.g. {{m|th|ญาติ}} from {{m|sa|जाति}}. Also in the last example, one can see that final short vowels in nouns of the ''i''- and ''u''-declensions become zero. So a loan from Sanskrit क्रतु would have become something like **กรตุ (**''grad''). Finally the tone mark in กระท่อม is also atypical of loans from Sanskrit/Pali. –[[User:Austronesier|Austronesier]] ([[User talk:Austronesier|talk]]) 15:55, 19 September 2021 (UTC)
::::: The only reason why I might be inclined to cling on to this theory is that the word has no known etymology and describes a plant which really only lives deep in the jungle. The Sanskrit (or, I suppose, most likely Pali) that would have been transferred may have been very colloquial. The word's origins must be obscure because its etymology cannot be found anywhere, and though I understand that its very unlikely, I wonder if it is at all still possible that through local dialects or even accents of Thai, this plant came to be named as such. Per wikipedia's very well cited entry on the traditional use of the plant, I just wonder if perhaps it was a neologism formed from Sanskrit or Pali that was done post-hoc -- the connection seems very strong, as the Thai knew it's properties and indeed used it in some cases for religious rites. But I am not the expert here, and again know nothing of Thai or the other languages of the region, but given where it grows -- would it not be more likely to originate in one of the insular language families of the region? It grows most notably in Indonesia... Perhaps its something like Sanskrit->Malay->Thai. However I appreciate your work in disputing the initial theory here, and I know that this is make-or-break for establishing etymologies. [[User:Arxandr|Arxandr]] ([[User talk:Arxandr|talk]])

== Persian {{m|fa|الو|tr=alow}} ==

According to {{R:fa:TMN|vol=III|pages=357-358}}, this word is difficult to have a Turkic origin, and Herzenberg thinks it is from Iranian *ham-tāpa-, which borrowed from an Eastern Iranian language, such as a later Sogdian dialect, which had not only -*t- >-*δ- > -*l-, but also -*p- > -*b > -w as reflected in many Tajik dialects ([https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/studies-in-persian-etymology ''Studies in Persian etymology'']). — [[User:Ydcok|Ydcok]] ([[User talk:Ydcok|talk]]) 05:08, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

== Descendants of Sanskrit [[शून्य]] ==

{{m+|sa|शून्य}} is the source of many words for zero or cipher.  They were all listed as descendants rather than borrowings.   I split the list based on whether the word was definitely a borrowing (unrelated language) or possibly inherited (listed as a child langage in [[:Category:Sanskrit language]]).  It occurs to me that there may be learned borrowings mixed with genuine descendants.  For example, {{m+|hi|शून्य}} says it is "borrowed".  Can somebody clean up the rest?  [[User:Vox Sciurorum|Vox Sciurorum]] ([[User talk:Vox Sciurorum|talk]]) 14:28, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

: I think I've cleaned them up.  I can't confirm Assamese, but it looks like a descendant, Dhivehi is recorded as a descendant, the Pali word is part of its inherited lexicon, and the Punjabi looks inherited - but might possibly show contamination.  The cluster -ny- was generally assimilated, so its presence is a give away.  The Thai word is a hybrid - the consonants are from Pali and the vowel is from Sanskrit. --[[User:RichardW57|RichardW57]] ([[User talk:RichardW57|talk]]) 22:06, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

== "[[english]]" in the sense of "spin" ==

Our entry currently just has the etym as "uncertain".  I read somewhere not too long ago that this was ultimately from {{cog|fr|angler||to angle something}}, mis-parsed as {{m|fr|anglais}} and then translated into English (a bit of a [[mondegreen]]?).  Has anyone else encountered this derivation?  ‑‑&nbsp;[[User:Eirikr|Eiríkr&nbsp;Útlendi]]&nbsp;│<sup>''[[User talk:Eirikr|Tala&nbsp;við&nbsp;mig]]''</sup> 19:15, 24 September 2021 (UTC)
:That might make sense for {{m|fr|clé anglaise}}, {{m|de|Engländer||monkey wrench}}. And I always thought it was a calque in the other direction! The most reasonable explanation for [[Schraubenzieher]] outside irregular changes would also refers to the angular momentum of levers and pullies (german.stackexchange). There is a rare saying, ''[[schief]] ist englisch und englisch ist modern'' (skewed slant is an Anglish thang ...?), which, I imagine, is referring to the diphtongized vowels. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]])

:For another tangent, now that I have read the entry, consider that this is called [[anschneiden]] or [[anschnippeln]] in table tennis, maybe also arcing bow shots, car racing, and of course bowling. To [[cut]] has a similar sense in cricket. The participle has a velar, ''an-ge-schnitten''. I recall ''gain, again'', ''gegen, angegen'', implying that more northern varieties with similar changes might have ŋ, as for Dutch [[aansnijden]], participle /ˈaŋɣəˌsnedə(n/. Henceforth it may be questionable if its prefix is really [[an-]] (with notable complications for the reconstruction in Old Dutch, and possible conflation with [[in-]] in the beginning point of entry sense, to say the least).

:In sum sum, ''angle'' from Latin ''angulus'' is only needed to account for the 'l', s. v. [[-else]] for example. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 00:28, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[fluo#rfv-etymology-notice-la-|fluo]] ==

RFV of the etymology.
Bye-Bye  [[User:75.174.187.83|75.174.187.83]] ([[User talk:75.174.187.83|talk]]) 18:47, 25 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[mullion]] ==

Corruption of {{m|en|munnion}}, {{der|en|fr|moignon||stump of an amputated limb, stump}}.

How reliable is this etymology? It contradicts what apparently all other dictionaries say. --[[User:Espoo|Espoo]] ([[User talk:Espoo|talk]])2

:A discussion of the etymology can be found [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Modern_Language_Review/Qy1KAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22English+Mullion+French+Meneau%22&pg=PA396 here], where it is said that “<span style="font-family:serif;font-size:108%;">the old derivation ... from ''mognon'' ‘stump,’ is clearly wrong</span>”. (I do not find this discussion particularly clear.) &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 11:46, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[chop suey]] ==

Is it correct for us to be calling this a "phono-semantic matching"? Perhaps the editor who [https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=chop_suey&type=revision&diff=50351699&oldid=45274855 added it] felt English picked "chop" out of association with "mixed" or "broken"? But that connection seems tenuous, and "suey" does not seem to have been an English word at all at the time (although it is now supposedly a [[suey|childish/slangy shortening of "suicide"]]). ''[[chop-chop|Chop-chop]]'' and ''[[chopstick]]s'' are just listed as borrowings. [[User:-sche|- -sche]] [[User talk:-sche|(discuss)]] 20:00, 26 September 2021 (UTC)
:Huh? Aren't the "mixed"/"broken" just meanings found in the original Chinese? And the connection with [[chop]] mainly due to the English verb? (Although the lemmas seem to indicate that the form originated in Chinese Pidgin English.) [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 21:24, 26 September 2021 (UTC)
::I.e. rather than phono-semantic matching, the "chop" part might be a [[folk etymology]], but maybe that was what you meant? [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 21:27, 26 September 2021 (UTC)
:::Well, if you search [[giblets]] you find [[什件]]. The first character, that may read Cantonese /t͡säːp̚²/, is defined as alternative form of 杂. Seems the semantic association to chopping is not far fetched, while these particular glosses may be irrelevant for a native speaker in a second language. Whether the pronounciation was intentional is anyone's guess, as the history is uncertain, but the vowel change woukd otherwise have to be regular. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 01:51, 27 September 2021 (UTC)
::::By the way, I remember some Norwegian comedians doing a joke on this where "Suey" was interpreted as the name of a dog... I guess Norwegian comedy often could feel pretty rural and provincial... [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 12:18, 28 September 2021 (UTC)
:I've changed it to "borrowing". [[User:-sche|- -sche]] [[User talk:-sche|(discuss)]] 02:02, 28 September 2021 (UTC)
::Based on what, erring on the safe side? I mean generally, how do you distinguish reanalysis from calquing (or partial calquing) on a homonym when the homophony / allophony is exceptionally broad? Same thing as with ''money / mali'' above (explaining why it entered english, not where the swahili was from, it's clearly a substitution for and of money in English, not talking about some Arabic currency).

::Also, I suspect that the second half is actually akin to [[sushi]]. I cannot judge the alleged 16th century quotation from the wiki artikel, but everything else would seemn to post date American usage, so take it with a grain of salt. [[Special:Contributions/2A00:20:6000:DF79:8D13:4DA0:871F:E7FE|2A00:20:6000:DF79:8D13:4DA0:871F:E7FE]] 19:38, 28 September 2021 (UTC)
:::According to the entry, "sushi" seems to be derived from an old Japanese word meaning "sour". I don't think there's any connection to the Cantonese word. [[User:Wakuran|Wakuran]] ([[User talk:Wakuran|talk]]) 20:06, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
:::: Ya, {{cog|ja|すし|tr=sushi}} is from a root meaning {{m|en|sour}}, with no connection I can see to {{cog|zh|碎||shattered; fragments; talkative}}.  There is a connection to {{cog|zh|酢||vinegar}}, but not to {{m|zh|碎}}.  ‑‑&nbsp;[[User:Eirikr|Eiríkr&nbsp;Útlendi]]&nbsp;│<sup>''[[User talk:Eirikr|Tala&nbsp;við&nbsp;mig]]''</sup> 00:45, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
::::: {{re|Eirikr}} With all due respect, that's not what I was talking about. I was in fact not aware of the etymology. I haven't explained it the first time and still don't feel like going out on a limb. Let me put it this way, if ''-shi'' was an archaic conjugation (which one?) then why was it not regularly lost? Suppose it's not unusual for familiar food names to fossilize, somewhat like [[tagliatelle]] which ending is no doubt a reanalyzed diminutive suffix. [[User:ApisAzuli|ApisAzuli]] ([[User talk:ApisAzuli|talk]]) 23:54, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::: {{re|ApisAzuli}} Indeed, what were you talking about?  Honest confusion on my part.  Your only other contribution to this thread is the bit above about ''"Well, if you search [[giblets]] you find [[什件]]."''  The {{ja-r|すし}} connection was brought up by an anon.
:::::: Re: the ''-shi'' ending, if you visit the lemma entry for the food item at {{m|ja|寿司}}, that explains that this is the archaic terminal (i.e. predicative) ending for adjectives, as used in pre-modern Japanese and older.  If someone makes a simple statement, ''it's sour'', they would have said ''sushi'', as this terminal ending for adjectives includes an inherent "it is" sense.  By extension, I could imagine a shift in usage whereby a conversation like ''"what's that?" → "sushi"'' is reanalyzed where the response is interpreted as a noun rather than an adjective.  There are other instances of terminal-conjugation adjectives or adjectival phrases that have become nouns, such as {{m|ja|顎無し|tr=aginashi||Sagittaria aginashi|pos=a kind of flower|lit=it has no sepals}}, or {{m|ja|少し|tr=sukoshi||a little bit|lit=it is a small amount}}.  Whatever the case, monolingual Japanese sources are consistent in deriving the noun from the terminal conjugation of the adjective.  
:::::: If you were the IPv6 anon who posted about sushi, then the only way I can think to connect the ''suey'' in {{m|en|chop suey}} with {{ja-r|すし}} would be if the ''suey'' were derived somehow from {{m|zh|酢}} or {{m|zh|醋}}.  Then the two would be cognate.  But it looks like the ''suey'' is instead from {{m|zh|碎}}, which (as best I can tell) is wholly unrelated to either {{m|zh|酢}} or {{m|zh|醋}}.  ‑‑&nbsp;[[User:Eirikr|Eiríkr&nbsp;Útlendi]]&nbsp;│<sup>''[[User talk:Eirikr|Tala&nbsp;við&nbsp;mig]]''</sup> 01:46, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

== paṭhamapurisa ==

This word, {{m|pi|paṭhamapurisa|t=third person}} is undoubtedly related to Sanskrit {{m|sa|प्रथमपुरुष}}.  I am raising its etymology here because Svartava2 has changed its etymology from --[[User:RichardW57|RichardW57]] ([[User talk:RichardW57|talk]]) 21:23, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

<nowiki>{{calque|pi|sa|प्रथमपुरुष|t=third person}}, compounded as {{compound|pi|paṭhama|t1=first|purisa|t2=person}}.  The uncompounded form also exists.</nowiki>

to

<nowiki>{{inh+|pi|sa|प्रथमपुरुष}}. Snchronically, {{compound|pi|paṭhama|t1=first|purisa|t2=person|nocap=1|type=kd}}.</nowiki>

The first issue is that the use of {{tl|inh+}} is either a lie or a reckless assertion.  As has been pointed out, the template links the output to a definition of 'inherited' that requires descent via regular sound changes, and the cerebralisation in ''paṭhama'' is an irregular development from ''prathama'', and a vocalic development from ''puruṣa'' to ''purisa'' would be irregular, and indeed I have seen no evidence that the second 'u' is original.

The second issue is that I believe that this word is a calque.  Oriental ('native' is the wrong word) Pali grammars appear to be part of the Indian tradition of grammars, which appears to have very much started with the analysis of Sanskrit.  Most of the terminology is the same as Sanskrit, but adapted to Pali phonology - semi-learned loans in some people's vocabulary, though I think that that English term is a semantic loan (calque even?) from [[ardhatatsama]].  Why should we believe that this word is a common inheritance with the Sanskrit word?

The third issue is that I believe the etymology section should mention the existence of the uncompounded form, whose nominative singular is ''paṭhamo puriso'', i.e. the first part is also inflected.  Note that this is an idiomatic phrase - the literal translation in English would be 'first person', not 'third person'.  I have given the two-word phrase in the alternative forms section.

The fourth issue is that I believe it is worth noting that the phrase/compound word retains its meaning even when other words are inserted, e.g. the genitive plural ''paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ'' "third, second, and first persons".

I am therefore mostly reverting the edit by {{ping|Svartava2}}. --[[User:RichardW57|RichardW57]] ([[User talk:RichardW57|talk]]) 21:23, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

== Terms derived from PIE words ==

# Is there a version of 'PIE word' that doesn't add the box of the word in the term's article?
# Also is there a version of 'PIE root see' for PIE words?
&nbsp;--[[User:The cool numel|The cool numel]] 21:13, 27 September 2021 (UTC)
:What do you want to achieve with the non-boxing &thinsp;{{mono|PIE word}}&thinsp; version? The purpose of {{tl|PIE word}} – which has been [[Wiktionary:Requests for deletion/Others#Template:PIE word|nominated for deletion]] – is to add a box containing the word in an article. If it doesn’t do that, then what is it it should do instead? Instead of some “{{mono|<nowiki>{{PIE word see}}</nowiki>}}”, simply list descendants in a section [[Wiktionary:Entry layout#Descendants|Descendants]], like the entry {{mono|<nowiki>{{desc|hyx-pro||*u(m)s}}</nowiki>}} found at {{m|ine-pro|*h₂ṓms#Descendants|*h₂ṓms}}. (Is {{m+|sa|अंस}} missing there?) &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 09:04, 28 September 2021 (UTC)
:: Adding the page to the category <language> terms derived from PIE and <language> terms derived from the PIE word <x> [[User:The cool numel|The cool numel]] ([[User talk:The cool numel|talk]]) 16:26, 28 September 2021 (UTC)
::: The former should be done (assuming inheritance) using [[Template:inherited|{{mono|<nowiki>{{inh|</nowiki>''xx''<nowiki>|pie|</nowiki>*''PIE-term''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}}]], in which ''{{mono|xx}}'' is the code for the recipient language, as seen at the etymology section of {{m|en|daughter}}, which has “{{mono|<nowiki>from {{inh|en|ine-pro|*dʰugh₂tḗr}}</nowiki>}}”. For the latter, the descendants list at the PIE term will do. {{section link|Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰugh₂tḗr#Descendants}} lists {{m+|gem-pro|*duhtēr}}, and {{section link|Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/duhtēr#Descendants}} lists {{m+|en|daughter}}. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 22:11, 28 September 2021 (UTC)
:::: The article daughter, for example, doesn't have the category "English terms derived from dʰugh₂tḗr" which is what I'm looking for. PIE roots, for example {{section link|Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Derived_terms}} uses the template {{tl|PIE root see}} to add all categories of words derived from it. [[User:The cool numel|The cool numel]] ([[User talk:The cool numel|talk]]) 09:45, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
::::: Personally I am not in favour of such overspecific categories. There are also no categories such as [[:Category:English terms derived from ἄμη]], [[:Category:English terms derived from masculus]], [[:Category:English terms derived from trognon]] or [[:Category:English terms derived from wrītaną]]. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 13:13, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::: Wait what {{ping|Lambian}}? Categories like English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *méǵh₂s exist anyway and there are 43 of them. Are all of them bad? I mean it's just like terms by PIE root isn't it? &nbsp;--[[User:The cool numel|The cool numel]] 17:53, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
::::::: I do not see how these categories are useful; IMO their minor curiosity value (if any) does not merit their existence. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 09:39, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
:::::::: Including categories like "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (think)"? Or the other ~600 categories like it? [[User:The cool numel|The cool numel]] ([[User talk:The cool numel|talk]]) 12:02, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
::::: Yes, please stop {{ping|The cool numel}}. --<code>&#123;&#123;[[User:Victar|victar]]|[[User talk:Victar|talk]]&#125;&#125;</code> 16:24, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[蒲公英]] - [[婆婆丁]] ==

might there be a connection between [[婆婆丁]] and the japanese reading of [[たんぽぽ]] (tanpopo)? {{unsigned|219.74.247.106|18:46, 28 September 2021 (UTC)}}
:I think it's negative, the form 婆婆丁 and 孛孛丁 were already recorded in the Ming period documents (滇南本草, 救荒本草, 农政全书, 本草蒙筌, etc.), and according to Chinese dialectologist Itsuku Oota (太田斎)[https://researchmap.jp/read0021187/published_papers/14300296], 婆婆丁 and similar forms were simply derived from the formal form [[蒲公英]] and mixed with folk etymology, which produced a lot of interesting dialectal forms of dandelion, including [[布布丁]], [[姑姑英]], [[婆婆英]], [[薄薄丁]], [[馍馍菜]], [[不登登]], [[孛登高]], etc. Some of those forms can also be found in Wiktionary: [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:zh-dial-map/%E8%92%B2%E5%85%AC%E8%8B%B1] [[User:Ydcok|Ydcok]] ([[User talk:Ydcok|talk]]) 13:14, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

* {{re|219.74.247.106}} Japanese sources bring that up, particularly an older version of the Chinese term, {{ltc-l|丁婆婆}}.  However, at least one Japanese source ([https://gogen-yurai.jp/tanpopo/ ''Gogen Yurai Jiten''], "Etymology Derivation Dictionary") rejects that hypothesis due to the time lag between when the flower was called {{zh-l|丁婆婆}} in Chinese and when the Japanese term {{ja-r|たんぽぽ}} shows up, apparently sometime during the {{w|Edo Period}} (1600–1868).
: Separately, I find the contention mentioned above a bit odd, that Chinese {{zh-l|婆婆丁}} is somehow derived from {{zh-l|蒲公英}}.  The vowels aren't too far off, but the consonantal shifts seem strained...?
: ‑‑&nbsp;[[User:Eirikr|Eiríkr&nbsp;Útlendi]]&nbsp;│<sup>''[[User talk:Eirikr|Tala&nbsp;við&nbsp;mig]]''</sup> 18:00, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
::I came up with a similar example for corruption by folk etymology, the English word ''asparagus'', in some dialects, this word was replaced by ''[[sparrow grass]]'', which has nothing to do with ''sparrow'' nor ''grass''. I think similar process has happened between 蒲公英 and 婆婆丁. [[User:Ydcok|Ydcok]] ([[User talk:Ydcok|talk]]) 15:32, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

* {{re|Eirikr}} Well, according to Oota (2017), 婆婆丁 was contaminated by [[婆婆]], with the first two syllables somehow duplicated. 
::This is how 婆婆丁 derived from 蒲公英 explained by Oota: 
:::pʰu kuəŋ iəŋ (蒲公英) → pʰu pʰu iəŋ/tiəŋ (扑扑丁)→ pʰuə pʰuə iəŋ/tiəŋ (婆婆英/婆婆丁)
:::But he did not explain why 丁 and 英 was interchangeable in many dialects, he found both 婆婆英 and 婆婆丁 in some dialects of Hebei, and this counterpart: 咕咕英 (Daixian, Shanxi) vs 咕咕丁 (Shenze, Hebei).
‑‑ [[User:Ydcok|Ydcok]] ([[User talk:Ydcok|talk]]) 10:59, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

== [[Milan]] ==

We say the lack of a final ''-o'' in English (vs standard Italian ''Milano'') suggests borrowing from French, but as pointed out on the talk page, the final ''-o'' is also lacking from the native Milanese Lombard ''Milan''. Could this just be a borrowing of the local name, then? [[User:-sche|- -sche]] [[User talk:-sche|(discuss)]] 02:28, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
: On the face of it, that certainly seems more likely, especially given that standard Italian would not have been standard yet when the name was borrowed into English. [[User:Andrew Sheedy|Andrew Sheedy]] ([[User talk:Andrew Sheedy|talk]]) 00:43, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
::So several categorizations “<language> terms borrowed/derived from Italian” are probably somewhat anachronistic. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 09:57, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
:::I think a borrowing from French is more likely, because English borrowed several names of cities on the continent from French rather than the local language, e.g. Turin, Florence, Rome, Venice, Munich, Prague, etc. As for terms derived from Italian, remember that our definition of Italian goes very far back, since we consider Old Italian (which is as old as Old English) an etymology-only variant of Italian. —[[User:Mahagaja|Mahāgaja]] · [[User talk:Mahagaja|''talk'']] 10:43, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
::: In the old days Venice with its language Venetian was a big source of loanwords.  I correct incorrect attributions to Italian as I notice them.  See {{tl|R:tr:LF}}.  [[User:Vox Sciurorum|Vox Sciurorum]] ([[User talk:Vox Sciurorum|talk]]) 20:21, 2 October 2021 (UTC)

::: I saw that {{m+|en|pizza}} is etymologized as, specifically, “Borrowed from {{bor|en|nap|pizza}}”. Is that perhaps too specific? The modern style of pizza, first documented by  {{w|Vincenzo Corrado|lang=it}} who wrote in Italian, is a Napolitan innovation. This does not imply the term is originally Napolitan, and not at all that Napolitan was the donor language. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 10:32, 6 October 2021 (UTC)

== [[gig]], [[giggle]] ==

Bringing these edits to [[Special:Diff/64064603|gig]] and [[Special:Diff/64064528/64064680|giggle]] to public attention. Especially the latter one reeks of a [[folk etymology]]. &mdash; [[User:Surjection|'''s'''ur]][[Special:Contributions/Surjection|'''j'''ec]][[Special:Log/Surjection|'''t'''ion]] &lang;<tt>[[User talk:Surjection|'''??''']]</tt>&rang; 13:32, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
: I was just bold and reverted the claptrap at {{m|en|giggle}} -- given the extremely common addition of suffix {{m|en|-le}} to form frequentatives, and also the Middle English antecedent and cognates in Dutch and German, the purported mish-mash of {{cog|ga|gíog}} + {{m|ga|geal}} strains credibility so much it makes my head hurt.  The removal of the Middle English and the Dutch and German looks like borderline vandalism to boot.
: I am less certain about the changes to {{m|en|gig}}, so I've left that as-is.  ‑‑&nbsp;[[User:Eirikr|Eiríkr&nbsp;Útlendi]]&nbsp;│<sup>''[[User talk:Eirikr|Tala&nbsp;við&nbsp;mig]]''</sup> 00:56, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
:: I have de-''giggle''d that change. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 08:54, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

* PS: Over on Wikipedia, I've backed out the same user's [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Irish_origin&type=revision&diff=1047254790&oldid=1034533122 rubbish] on the [[w:List of English words of Irish origin]] page.  He'd added {{m|en|avocado}}, among other flaming incompetence.  Sheesh.  ‑‑&nbsp;[[User:Eirikr|Eiríkr&nbsp;Útlendi]]&nbsp;│<sup>''[[User talk:Eirikr|Tala&nbsp;við&nbsp;mig]]''</sup> 01:05, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

== [[jig]] ==

At &thinsp;{{m|en|jig}}&thinsp; I read: “An assimilated form of earlier {{m|en|gig}}&thinsp;”.
# Should that be, “[[Appendix:Glossary#dissimilation|Dissimilation]] of”?
# Is there any substantiating support for this claim? In particular, is this earlier “gig” attested?
# If so, shouldn’t the sense “{{l|en|jig}}” be listed as the definition of a (presumably ''obsolete'') entry at {{m|en|gig}}?
# Or is this earlier “gig”, perhaps, an earlier “''alternative form of'' {{l|en|jig}}”? – the spelling “gig” for the pronunciation {{IPAchar|/d͡ʒɪɡ/}} would not be entirely strange.
So many questions, ... &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 09:14, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
:Merriam-Webster's etymology of {{m|en|jig}} is: "perhaps from {{m+|frm|giguer|t=to frolic}}, from {{m|frm|gigue|t=fiddle}}, of Germanic origin; akin to {{cog|goh|gīga|t=fiddle}}; akin to {{m+|non|geiga|t=to turn aside}}", which seems to match up with our [[gig#Etymology 1]]. —[[User:Mahagaja|Mahāgaja]] · [[User talk:Mahagaja|''talk'']] 09:40, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
::I have replaced the section by one derived from the entry in ''{{w|The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology}}''. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 10:07, 6 October 2021 (UTC)

== [[bien lui en prit]] ==

What is the etymology of this French phrase? What I wrote previously was reverted so I am unsure. {{unsigned|Ffffrr}}

:It is one specific form of a more general idiom: ''prendre de'' <action> ''à'' <quelqu’un>, in which: the subject can be ''bien'', but also ''grand bien'', or ''mal''; the indirect object (''à'' <quelqu’un>) can be pronominal, becoming ''lui'' or in the plural ''leur''; the verb agrees with the third-person singular subject but can be any of the present (''prend''), past historic (''prit''), perfect (''a pris''), future (''prendra'') or conditional (''prendrait''), but not the imperfect; and the action can be an infinitive, or pronominal, becoming ''en''. So a manifestation of the idiom may take the form, ''grand bien leur prendrait de rééditer ce genre de performance''.<sup>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/normandie/une-colere-qui-du-mal-passer-4053642]</sup>. The sense of the verb in the idiom is “to contribute to a (good or bad) result”; see sense 60 for ''[[:fr:prendre|prendre]]'' at the French Wiktionary. &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 07:09, 1 October 2021 (UTC)
::{{reply|Lambiam}} That's an interesting phrase. When the subject is impersonal, the imperfect is not unheard of: "[https://books.google.be/books?id=7B4nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16&dq=%22il+me+prenait+de%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWlImauKzzAhWX_6QKHYejCZ4Q6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=%22il%20me%20prenait%20de%22&f=false Je ne savais pas ce qu'il me prenait de dire ça à un total inconnu]"; "[https://books.google.be/books?id=cszpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT275&dq=%22quand+il+lui+prenait+de%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjituTwuKzzAhUEuqQKHcyaCpYQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=%22quand%20il%20lui%20prenait%20de%22&f=false Quand il lui prenait de téléphoner à Alexandre, c'était en général pour lui demander son avis]"; "[https://books.google.be/books?id=w52VDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT28&dq=%22il+lui+prenait+parfois+de%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifiImbt6zzAhUIKuwKHV_bAD4Q6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=%22il%20lui%20prenait%20parfois%20de%22&f=false s'il lui prenait parfois de rêver de répit, d'accalmies, de plages de silence]". 
::Compare also the turn of phrase ''qu'est-ce qui te prend ?'', ''qu'est-ce qui lui a pris ?'' (≈ {{m|fr|quelle mouche l'a piqué ?}}), "[https://books.google.be/books?id=dCxUAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA223&dq=%22il+me+prenait+parfois+de%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIzLnluqzzAhXNDewKHd2rCaMQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=%22il%20me%20prenait%20parfois%20de%22&f=false il me prenait parfois de folles envies de serrer cette charmante enfant dans mes bras et de l'appeler ma fille]" (= "de folles envies me prenaient parfois de...", where the {{m|fr|sujet réel}}, which is a noun designating some emotion, is displaced behind the verb and replaced by an impersonal {{m|fr|il}}). [[User:PUC|P]][[User talk:PUC|U]][[Special:Contributions/PUC|C]] – 19:32, 2 October 2021 (UTC)
:::These seem to be different idioms. Do they, or at least the second one, correspond to sense 66 for ''[[:fr:prendre|prendre]]'' at the French Wiktionary, ''Concevoir un sentiment pour quelqu’un''? Note that the definition for sense 60 is not grammatically substitutible (''Bien lui a pris d’avoir été averti à temps'' ≠ ''Bien lui a contribué à un bon ou à un mauvais résultat d’avoir été averti à temps''), and I suspect the same may hold for 66. The usexes given are too bare to see the grammatical pattern. Can one replace ''je ne sais pas ce qu’il me prit de dire ça'' by ''je ne sais pas quel caprice me prit de dire ça'' and then also by ''je ne comprends pas comment il me prit de caprice de dire ça''? &nbsp;--[[User:Lambiam|Lambiam]] 22:19, 2 October 2021 (UTC)

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