William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley
The Rt Hon. The Earl of Dudley, GCB, GCMG, GCVO | |
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| 4th Governor-General of Australia | |
| In office 9 September 1908 – 31 July 1911 | |
| Preceded by | The Lord Northcote |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Denman |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 25 May 1867 London, United Kingdom |
| Died | 29 June 1932 London, United Kingdom |
William Humble Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley, GCB, GCMG, GCVO (25 May 1867–29 June 1932), styled Viscount Ednam before 1885, was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and fourth Governor-General of Australia. He was born in London and was educated at Eton. His father died when he was 17 and he inherited enormous wealth along with the Earldom of Dudley. He became part of the social circle of the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who attended his wedding to Rachel Gurney in 1891. He was active in the Conservative Party and held office in the 1895 government of Lord Salisbury.
In 1902 Dudley was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in which post he displayed great extravagance but also some political and administrative ability. As a Conservative, Dudley could not have expected preferment from the Liberal government which came to office in 1905, but King Edward VII pressed the Prime Minister, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman to offer Dudley the post of Governor-General of Australia, and Campbell-Bannerman agreed, since there was apparently no suitable Liberal candidate available.
Dudley arrived in Sydney in September 1908, and soon established a reputation for pomp, ceremony and extravagance which was unwelcome to many Australians, particularly the Labor Party and the radical press such as The Bulletin. Not long after his arrival, he found himself swearing in a Labor cabinet under Andrew Fisher, so the Labor Party's disapproval of his vice-regal style became an important issue.
The new Governor-General soon found himself involved in another controversy. It was part of Labor policy to establish an independent Australian navy. The Liberal opposition, on the other hand, supported the campaign for Australia to raise money to build ships for the Royal Navy: the so-called Dreadnought campaign. So when Dudley made a speech in support of the Dreadnought campaign, he was straying into party politics, leading to a tense relationship with Fisher.
In 1909 Fisher's minority government resigned, and Dudley refused him an early election. The Liberals returned to office under Alfred Deakin, solving Dudley's immediate problems. But although Fisher was careful not to criticise Dudley in public, the Governor-General had acquired a reputation as "anti-Labor," which made him unpopular with half the Australian electorate.
In April 1910 Labor won a sweeping election victory and Fisher returned to power. Relations between Governor-General and Prime Minister were soon once again frosty. Dudley's insistence on maintaining two very expensive Government Houses, in Sydney and Melbourne, on travelling around the country in vice-regal pomp, and on chartering a steam-yacht to circumnavigate the continent, infuriated Fisher, a frugal Scottish socialist.
By October Dudley had recognised the impossibility of his position and asked to be recalled. He left Australia in July 1911, unmarked by any official ceremony. With the Liberals still in power in Britain, he held no further public office. He served in the First World War, then retired to his estates. He married the actress Gertie Millar, daughter of John Millar, on 30 April 1924, his first wife having died on 26th June 1920. He died on 29 June 1932 at age 65.
In his role as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Dudley makes an appearance in the Wandering Rocks episode of James Joyce's Ulysses (set on June 16, 1904), when a cavalcade taking him to dedicate a hospital crosses the paths of various characters.
References
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