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Hellenic army equipment

[edit]

Αlthough Greece has the potential to design and manufacture military systems, chooses to import battle proven military systems, because Greece does not have the economic capability needed for this task.[1] As resources cannot be diverted because they are dedicated to a disproportionately large standing military, relatively to Greek economy and population. Most people and governments criticize this tactic by Greece but they tend to forget that Greece is on the front of NATO's southern flank, in a crossroad of 3 continents and in constant conflict with the neighboring Turkey despite the two countries being in the same alliance. Greece is the EU member state most exposed to negative developments in the geographical region of Southern Europe and the economic crisis only exaggerated the severity of the situation. Αlthough Greece maintains defense expenditure as a share of GDP above the 2% NATO guideline, the reality is that equipment expenditure as a share of defense expenditure is below the NATO guideline of 20%.[2] The Greek army left to rot for 15 years with no updates and in most cases not even maintenance and support.[3] Thus a situation has created in which the Greek army is constantly falling behind in respect of quality of armament compared to air force and navy. Most of the the Hellenic army equipment is of second hand with main suppliers being US and Germany. Τhe Hellenic army totals 88.850 active personnel with 8.000 civilian staff.[4] Additionally Greece is a signatory nation of the treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) with restrictions on the quantities of defense systems it can maintain.[5] According to the conventional armed forces in europe treaty (CFE) as provided in the adapted CFE Treaty. The following are the national ceilings for Greece.[6]

NATIONAL CEILINGS SPECIFIED IN THE ADAPTED CFE TREATY FOR GREECE
[edit]
Battle tanks Armored combat vehicles Pieces of artillery Combat aircraft Attack helicopters
1735 2498 1920 650 65

In context of CFE the term armored combat vehicle (ACV) means a self-propelled vehicle with armored protection and cross-country capability. That includes armored personnel carriers (APCs), armored infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) and heavy armament combat vehicles (HACVs). In the Article II paragraph (F) the treaty specified that any future large caliber direct fire system which has a secondary effective indirect fire capability shall be counted against the artillery ceilings. This last fact covers mortar carriers so that they be counted against the artillery ceilings, as there is no provision of indirect fire capability on armored fighting vehicles in the CFE treaty. An exception on this rule are carriers that have mortars, artillery and rocket launchers below 100mm caliber so that a M106 carrier with M29A1 mortars is counted as ACV, but a M106 carrier with M30 or Soltam K6 mortar is counted as artillery.[7]

Land vehicles and heavy armament

[edit]

Main battle tanks

[edit]

Greek CFE treaty limit: 1,735 tanks to correct 1343[4]

Quantity Type Images Caliber Origin Notes
170[8] Leopard 2A6 HEL 120mm  Germany

 Greece

With enhanced mine protection under the chassis, and internal enhancements to improve crew survivability, has an additional armor module over the hulls upper glacis and armor module over the turret roof protecting the fighting compartment from top attack. The first 30 assembled by KMW, with the remainder 140 by ELVO of Greece.[9][10]
183[8] Leopard 2A4/GR 120mm  Germany Equipped with C2 systems. Currently 190 Leopard 2A4 and Leopard 1A5 driving electro-optics are being upgraded. The operational goal is to increase the range and accuracy above at distances over 2000 meters, so that the above tanks are able to shoot at distances as much as the Leopard 2 HEL that has Ophelios system . The dominant choice in this area is the German Helsoldt with the ATTICA-GL in place of the WBG-X.[11]
500[4] Leopard 1A4/5 105mm  Germany All 500 Leopard-1A5 tanks carry the EMES-18 Fire Control System (SEP), an enhanced version of the Leopard-2A4 EMES-15, which allows the execution of moving shots and the use of piercing missiles (APFSDS). Their shielding was reinforced with additional modular bulletproof glass (LAP) shielding placed inside the factory shield.[4]
390[4] M48A5 MOLF 105mm  United States MOLF is a fire control system for tanks developed and manufactured by the German company ATLAS ELEKTRONIK. It is a variant of the tested EMES 18 and EMES 15 systems that equip the Leopard 1 and Leopard 2 tanks respectively.[4]
100[12] M60A3 TTS 105 mm  United States Fitted with the Raytheon AN/VSG-2 thermal sight. Greek M60 tanks retired in 2009 except of those 100 M60A3 TTS.[13]

In the context of upgrading the main battle tanks and the integration of self-protection systems in them. Greece is in preliminary contacts with the companies involved.[14]

Artillery

[edit]

Greek CFE treaty limit: 1,920 (calibers > 100 mm)

Quantity Weapon Images Origin Notes
Rocket artillery
36 M270 MLRS United States 12×227 mm

152 MGM-140A ATACMS Block 1 missiles are also available, under a program to be upgraded 2021.

111 RM70 Czechoslovakia 40×122 mm

Currently under upgrade with the Serbian rockets G2000 to increase range.

Self-propelled artillery
25 PzH 2000 Germany 155 mm howitzer with range at 40 km and 5 multiple rounds simultaneous impact capability. Equipped with WISPR and communication stations ΤRC-9300 from Intracοm an engine of 986 hp, with max speed 70 km and range of 420 km.[15]
420[8][16] M109 United States 155 mm howitzer. (12) M-109A5, (84) M109A2, (223) M109A3GEA2, (50) M109A3GEA1. (51) M-109A1B, All vehicles are upgraded with Hybrid GENAIRCON from IDE

and modernized systems including the AURORA system. It can also be linked to the other artillery systems including the PzH-2000GR or act autonomously.

145 M110A2 United States Still in service due to the large stock of ammunition available, to be phased out upon completion of the other programs.
Towed artillery
206 M114 155 mm howitzer United States 155mm howitzer, in storage/service as of 2016.
333 in storage M101 United States 105mm howitzer.
18 OTO Melara Mod 56 Italy 105mm howitzer.
Counter-battery radar/Observation systems
20 BOR A-550 France The RADAR BOR-A-550 is a land and coastal surveillance radar (GSR) suitable for military use in coastal and land border surveillance operations.

Combines ground, sea and low flying target surveillance automatically classifying them day and night under any weather conditions.Mounted on M-1118-2GR HMMWV

10/8 AN/TPQ-36/37 United States The latest version of the AN / TPQ-36 is the (v) 10 with improved performance, higher computing power, lower operating costs and an increased maximum detection range of at least 50%.
3 ARTHUR Mod.B Sweden on Bv-206

Arthur is a lightweight, highly mobile weapon locating system (WLS), tactically deployed close to the forward line of own troops. Arthur is in currently operational in twelve countries, among them Norway, Sweden, the Czech Republic, South Korea, Spain, Italy, Greece and the UK.

3 Kasta 2E1 Russia
10 Stentor France Stentor radar is designed to detect, recognize, and locate moving targets such as infantry, ground vehicles, helicopters, low-flying aircraft, and boats.
10 MSP-350 MARGOT XXL France Electronic surveillance system mounted on M-1118-2GR HMMWV

Armored fighting vehicles/carriers

[edit]

Greek CFE treaty limit of 2,498( IFVs / APCs) .

Quantity Type Images Origin Notes
Armored infantry fighting vehicles
490[4][17][18] Leonidas II  Austria

 Greece

Made by the Greek vehicle manufacturer ELBO, includes 90 upgraded Leonidas 1.[17]
664[8] M 113A2  United States From 1982 to 2014 Greece received from US Army stockpiles 514 M113A2.[8] Additionally in the context of implementation of the CFE Treaty. Greece received 150 M113A2 from US.[19]
257[20] M-106A1/A2  United States US delivered 120 M106A2 before 2000 through EDA and can be found on the old tables[21] and another 114 M106A2 in 2002 and 2014, can be found on SIRI[8].

53 M-106A1 came from Netherlands in 1992[8][22]. In total 287 M106. 257 vehicles are in active service 120 with E 56 and 137 with M29A1 mortars respectively.[20]

88 BMP-1P Ost  Soviet Union Ιn total, Greece received 501 BMP-1A1 Ost armored vehicles from Germany.[22]

In 2005, Greece in the context of NATO transferred (64) vehicles to Iraq and 2019 (101) were sold to Egypt.[22]

Despite popular belief the program of modification to ZU-23-2 carrier did not actualized and only a small number of BMP-1A1 Ost

are in active service, after the majority of them retired.[23] By logic out of 500 BMP-1A1 Ost 250 are most likely cannibalized for spare parts in all this years and taking account of the exports, we can safely assume that the current number of the vehicles does not exceed 85 - 90 units. The number of actual ZU-23-2 carriers can't be confirmed.

Armored personnel carriers
840[8] M 113A1  United States From 1991 to 2014 Greece received around 840 M113A1 armoured personnel carriers. 350 from US, 213 from Germany and 177 from Netherlands.[8]
0/1200 M1117 Armored Security Vehicle  United States U.S. Congress approved the sale of 1,200 used 4x4 M1117 Guardian.Deliveries continue.[24][14]
Armored anti-tank guided missile carriers
330[8][21] M901 ITV  United States 330 Armored M220 twin TOW II launcher carrier based on M113 the number is based on EDA old tables[21] and SIRI database.[8]

Greek army also has about 76 single TOW II launchers on MB-240GD and M113 TOW vehicles, with the rest being MPATS.[20]

The total amount of TOW II launchers approximately approaches the 438 units.[25]

Armored command vehicles
272[8][20] M577A2  United States Armored command vehicle, based on M113. 206 can be found on SIRI[8] and 66 in EDA old tables.[21]
23[26] M1059 SGS  United States With an M157Α2 smoke generation.[26]
Armored patrol and reconnaissance vehicles
242[8][22] VBL  France Delivered in various version, 1997 (12) | 1998 (1) | 1999 (37) | 2000 (23) | 2001 (29) | 2002 (70) | 2005 (21) | 2006 (49).[8][22](14) MILAN version with a single MILAN anti-tank missile launcher, (7) command vehicles, of the VB2L version, (7) modified VB2L with PL-127 battle tower, (74) VBL Tourelle Fermée version with PL-127 battle tower and 12.7 mm M-2HB-QCB Browning machine gun. (140) improved ULTRAV M11 configuration of the VBL Tourelle Fermée version, which integrated system of protection against nuclear, biological and chemical substances, 24 of those are equipped with GMG 40 mm.[27][28]
681[29][27] M1025A2 HMMWV  United States

 Greece

Greece's Hummers are the most lethal and most protected out there. They have a very mottled "international" pedigree. They are based on an American design, assembled locally by military vehicle maker ELVO, up-armored via Israel's armored vehicle masters Plasan Sasa Ltd, and pack a Russian anti-tank missile.[30] (42) M-1025A2 version equipped with MILAN anti-tank systems. (196) M-1114GR version equipped with Kornet-E anti-tank systems. (20) M-1097A2 version as trailers for the 105 mm M-56 Pack cannons. (54) M-1097A2 version equipped with ASRAD Hellas close air defense system. (40) M-1118GR1 version equipped with BOR-A550 surveillance radar. (165) M-1115GR version equipped with GMG automatic grenade launchers. (70) M-1116GR version medevac. (6) M-1117GR version used by the Special Forces. (8) M-1097A2 version carry machine guns of various calibers, used by the Special Forces. (60) M-1119GR version used as mobile repair shops.[27][29]

There have been rumors about a potential M2 Bradley purchase from the US Army's stock, because US in 2018 has authorized 367 M2A0 Bradley IFVs to Greece through EDA program.[26]The problem is that these vehicles are older basic version of the M2 that later named M2A0. The cost for the reconstruction and modernization of these vehicles will reach or even exceed 2 to 3 million dollars each and close to 1 billion dollars for all 367 vehicles.[31] Meaning that if you had the money in the first place, you would buy new IFVs with that money. On the other hand a program is being implemented on M113 vehicles, with additional installation of external metal shields for comprehensive protection. Greece is also taking part in the European research sub-program entitled “Nano-modified Composite Materials & Processes for Armor Reinforcing ", which concerns the use of nanotechnology material for the upgrade of ballistic passive protection of armored vehicles.[32] Additionally minister of defense said that Greece is constantly searching for solutions in replacement of all IFVs and APCs, of the Greek army, by respectively modern state of the art type of high specifications.[23]

Engineering vehicles

[edit]

Greece has in total 202 Leopard-1V and 110 Leopard-1A3[8], that have been retired from active duty as main battle tanks and they have been modified and are in use as engineering vehicles. In order to not count these vehicles on the limits of the CFE Treaty, the 105 mm guns have been removed.

Quantity Weapon Images Origin Notes
Armoured Recovery Vehicle - ARVs
80[8] M-578 United States light recovery vehicle
187[8] M88A1 United States Armored recovery vehicle of the Patton tanks family.
18[8] Leopard 1 ST(BPz-2)  Germany
12[8] Leopard II BUFALO HEL Germany Armoured recovery vehicle based on Leopard-2 chassis.
43 Leopard-1 ARV Germany z
Μ62
Steyr 680M3
ΜTVR Mk27 Eyal
Full Width Mine Plough - FWMP
Leopard-1V MP
Leopard-2Α4 MP[33]
Minefield Breaching Systems
FV3705 Giant Viper[34]
Mine Clearing Roller System - MCRS
Leopard 1 Mine rollers[35]
Robotic Demining Vehicles
ΜV-4 [36]
Armoured Vehicles Launched Bridge - AVLBs
12 Leopard-1 Biber Germany Armoured vehicle-launched bridge based on Leopard-1 chassis.
8 Leopard-2 Leguan Germany Armoured vehicle-launched bridge based on Leopard-2 chassis .
? PMP Floating Bridge Russia KrAZ-255B It is used for transporting launching and disengaging of PMP bridge pairs.
? RIBBON floating bridge United States Greece has the basic version
6 Leopard-1A3 Armored firefighting vehicle based on retired Leopard-1 chassis. The turret is replaced with a 12.5 ton water tank. Used in firing ranges by the Army and being evaluated by the Hellenic Fire Service.


Logistics & Support

[edit]
Quantity Weapon Images Origin Notes
Armored recovery vehicles
8500[37] Steyr 680M3 6x6  Austria

 Greece

Pending decision on replacement.
2200[37] Steyr 680M3 6x6 Custom  Austria

 Greece

In role of vehicles recovery, In role of refrigerators in supplies and as carriers of communication and other weapon systems.[38]
5500[39] MB-240GD  Germany

 Greece

Of W462 series with cargo carrying capacity of 0.25 tonnes. In role of personnel and cargo transport , as command and medevac vehicles, as military police vehicles and communication equipment carrier. It is also used as carrier of M40 106mm, MILAN anti-tank missile launcher and 9K111-2 Fagot-M and TOW anti-tank systems.[40]


A total of over 10,000 units (5500 240GD and 4500 290GD) were built at the Sindos facility by ELBO the Hellenic Vehicles Industry. It exists as a command vehicle, patrol / security units (equipped with a 7.62 mm MG3 or MAG machine gun), ambulance, radio carrier, but also as a carrier of guns and anti-tank missiles.

From 2022 the older ones will start to be withdrawn, with the total replacement of the fleet being placed around 2030.[41]

4500[37] MB-290GD  Germany

 Greece

150[21] REO M35A2  United States 2 1/2-Ton Cargo Trucks. Most of them retired in 2011, but still serve in limited numbers.
73 MTVR MK27 6x6 United States

Greece

40 MK27 are fitted with medium recovery equipment supplied by Eyal of Israel.

33 are fitted out as ammunition transporter vehicles to operate alongside the Hellenic Army's Leopard MBTs.

320[25] HEMTT  United States M978 ,M985, M977 and M987P1. They were donated by the USA in 2014.
4[21] M984A1
24[21] M985
66[42] Steyr 40M60 HET  Austria

 Greece

The Steyr 40M60 is essentially the MAN40.603 DFATX vehicle from the company's SX2000 military series. In 1999 the German MAN acquired the Austrian Steyr, however the Greek vehicles bear the Steyr logo due to the cooperation agreement of the Austrian company with the then Greek ELVO.[43]
93[42][43] Oshkosh M911 HET  United States 77 Oshkosh M911 HET 6×6 and 16 Oshkosh M911 HET 8×6
77[43] TATRA  Czech Republic (15) Τ815 VNT 6X6 from East German stocks, (35) TatraT-815 VT 8X8 with four-door cabin, (28) Τ815 VVN 6x6 with two-door cabin. RM-70 RPG-Multiple Launchers as Zuzana self-propelled guns are based on frames of the same series. Received in the context of free assistance from the USA, Czechoslovak trucks. Which came [43]


23[44] ΜΑΝ Κat-1  Germany Ιn the role of transporting ammunition, and are already in service with the two self-propelled Medium Artillery Squadrons operating with the PzH2000GR of the Hellenic Army.
300 FMTV  United States In various versions
15 Mitsubishi L200 Japan The new 6th generation of the L200. To strengthen border patrols.





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