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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Incubator|code = tab}}
{{Incubator|code = tab}}
* [http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids/ Tabasaran dictionary online from IDS] (select simple or advanced browsing)
* [http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids/ Tabasaran dictionary online from IDS] (select simple or advanced browsing)
* [http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/tabasarans.shtml Entry in the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]
* [http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/tabasarans.shtml Entry in the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]
* [http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/caucasica/tabasar/raghnt.htm Sample text]
* [http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/caucasica/tabasar/raghnt.htm Sample text]
* [http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/desc?id=31&type=r Description at Languages of the World]
* [http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/desc?id=31&type=r Description at Languages of the World]
* [http://rosettaproject.org/archive/tab/view?searchterm=Tabassaran Entry at the Rosetta Project]
* [http://rosettaproject.org/archive/tab/view?searchterm=Tabassaran Entry at the Rosetta Project]
* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\ncc\lez&first=0 Tabasaran basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]
* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\ncc\lez&first=0 Tabasaran basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]


Revision as of 00:56, 2 January 2018

Tabasaran
табасаран чIал tabasaran ҫ̇al
Native toRussia
RegionSouthern Dagestan
EthnicityTabasarans
Native speakers
130,000 (2010 census)[1]
Northeast Caucasian
  • Lezgic
    • Samur
      • Eastern Samur
        • Lezgi–Aghul–Tabasaran
          • Tabasaran
Official status
Official language in
Dagestan (Russia)
Language codes
ISO 639-3tab
Glottologtaba1259
ELPTabasaran
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of the official languages of Dagestan.

Tabasaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the subject in number, person and (in North Tabasaran) class. North Tabasaran has two noun classes (also dubbed with the term "grammatical gender"), whereas Southern Tabasaran has none (i.e. one fewer than North Tabasaran, because no noun classes means that all nouns belong to the same class).

Geographical distribution

It is spoken in the basin of Upper Rubas-nir and Upper Chirakh-nir.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes of Tabasaran[2]
Labial Dental Palatal Velar Uvular Epiglottal Glottal
plain sibilant plain labial
Nasal m n
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiced b d d͡z d͡ʒ d͡ʒʷ ɡ ɢ
voiceless p t t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ʃʷ k q ʔ
fortis pː tː t͡sː t͡ʃː t͡ʃːʷ kː qː
ejective pʼ tʼ t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ t͡ʃʷʼ kʼ qʼ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ ʃʷ x ʜ
fortis fː sː ʃː ʃːʷ xː
voiced v z ʒ ʒʷ ɣ ʢ ɦ
Approximant l j
Trill r

Writing system

Tabasaran is written using Cyrillic.

Letter IPA
А а /ɑ/
Аь аь /æ/
Б б /b/
В в /v/
Г г /ɡ/
Гг гг /ɣ/
Гъ гъ /ʕ/
Гь гь /h/
Д д /d/
Е е /ɛ/, /jɛ/
Ё ё /jo/
Ж ж /ʒ/, /dʒ/
Жв жв /ʒʷ/
З з /z/, /dz/
И и /i/
Й й /j/
К к /kʰ/
Кк кк /kː/
Къ къ /qːʰ/
Кь кь /qʼ/
Кӏ кӏ /kʼ/
Л л /l/
М м /m/
Н н /n/
О о /o/
П п /pʰ/
ПП пп /pː/
Пӏ пӏ /pʼ/
Р р /r/
С с /s/
Т т /tʰ/
Тт тт /tː/
Тӏ тӏ /tʼ/
У у /u/
Уь уь /y/
Ф ф /f/
Х х /ɦ/
Хъ хъ /qʰ/
Хь хь /x/
Ц ц /tsʰ/
Цц цц /tsːʰ/
Цӏ цӏ /tsʼ/
Ч ч /tʃʰ/
Чв чв /tʃʷʰ/
Чч чч /tʃːʰ/
Чӏ чӏ /tʃʼ/
Ш ш /ʃ/
Шв шв /ʃʷ/
Щ щ /ɕ/
Ъ ъ /ʔ/
Ы ы /ɨ/
Ь ь
Э э /ɛ/
Ю ю /y/, /ju/
Я я /æ/, /jɑ/

Note: The letters indicated in orange are encountered only in loanwords from Russian.

Grammar

Tabasaran is very probably[clarification needed] an active language of the fluid-S type[clarification needed]. It is reported to have 53 noun cases[3] but see Comrie[4] and Blake.[5][further explanation needed]

Samples

Uwu aldakurawu. "Уву алдакураву." — "You are falling."

Uzuz uwu kkunduzuz. "Узуз уву ккундузуз." — "I love you."

Uwu fudžuwa? "Уву фужува?" — "Who are you?"

Fici wuna? "Фици вуна?" — "How are you?"

Zakur ʕürza. "Закур гъюрза." — "I'll come tomorrow."

Uzu kana qheza. "Узу кана хъэза." — "I'll be back."

References

  1. ^ Tabasaran at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Consonant Systems of the North-East Caucasian Languages on TITUS DIDACTICA
  3. ^ Comrie, B (1981). The languages of the Soviet Union. Cambridge University Press.
  4. ^ Comrie, B.; Polinsky, M. (1998). The great Daghestanian case hoax (pdf). {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Blake, Barry J. (2001). Case. Cambridge University Press.
  • Chanmagomedov, B.G.-K. & K.T. Šalbuzov, Tabasaransko-russkij slovar’, Moskva: Ilim, 2001, ISBN 5-02-022620-3 [Includes outline of Tabasaran grammar (Grammatičeskij očerk tabasaranskogo jazyka) by K.K. Kurbanov (p. 395-476)]
Tabasaran language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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