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Coordinates: 46°42′28″N 5°38′55″E / 46.70778°N 5.64861°E / 46.70778; 5.64861
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[[File:0 Baume-les-Messieurs - village Panorama.jpg|thumb|The abbey and commune in its glacial [[cirque]]]]
[[File:0 Baume-les-Messieurs - village Panorama.jpg|thumb|The abbey and commune in its glacial [[cirque]]]]
'''Baume Abbey''', in its village of [[Baume-les-Messieurs]], [[Jura (department)|Jura]], France, was founded as a [[Benedictine abbey]] not far from the still-travelled [[Roman road]] linking [[Besançon]] and [[Lyon]].<ref>Bernard Prost, ''Essai historique sur les origines de l'abbaye de Baume-les Moines'', 1872:4.</ref> It stands near the source of the [[Dard]]<ref>The actual source is the [[show cave]] [http://www.showcaves.com/english/fr/showcaves/Messieurs.html les Grottes de Baume-les-Messieurs]</ref> in the [[Jura (department)|Jura]], France. Around it the village of '''Baume-les-Messieurs''' is congregated. The abbey is known for its sixteenth-century [[retable]].
'''Baume Abbey''', in its village of [[Baume-les-Messieurs]], [[Jura (department)|Jura]], France, was founded as a [[Benedictine abbey]] not far from the still-travelled [[Roman road]] linking [[Besançon]] and [[Lyon]].<ref>Bernard Prost, ''Essai historique sur les origines de l'abbaye de Baume-les Moines'', 1872:4.</ref> It stands near the source of the [[Dard]]. Around it the village of '''Baume-les-Messieurs''' is congregated. The abbey is known for its sixteenth-century [[retable]].


==Early history==
==Early history==
⚫
The abbey's origins had been 'lost to memory' when [[Jean Mabillon]] inquired at the end of the 17th century, though an eleventh-century source and [[Peter the Venerable]] in the following century recorded a tradition Mabillon followed, that it had been founded by [[Saint Columbanus]], which would place the foundation in the late sixth century.<ref>Prost 1872:12 note 2, 13.</ref> In 732 [[Saracen]] raiders destroyed the obscure community of monks, along with neighboring Château-Châlon and the village of [[Lons-le-Saunier]].<ref>Prost 1872:15.</ref> It was refounded during the reign of [[Louis the Pious]] in the early ninth century by Saint Eutice,<ref>His commemoration falls on 13 January, but the date of his death is uncertain; Prost (1872:20 note 3) gives sources for the few traditional [[hagiography|hagiographic]] details of his life.</ref> probably a disciple of [[Benedict of Aniane]], who was revitalizing and reordering the Benedictine communities of the Gauls. In 817, when Emperor Louis at [[Aachen]] divided the monasteries in his lands into three categories, ''monasterium Balma'' was one of only twelve that owed him annual subsidies.<ref>Prost 1872:21-23.</ref>

[[File:Baume les Messieux 24.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Nave of the abbey church]]
[[File:Baume les Messieux 24.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Nave of the abbey church]]
⚫
[[Jean Mabillon]] an the had been founded by [[Saint Columbanus]], which would place the foundation in the late sixth century.<ref>Prost 1872:12 note 2, 13.</ref> 732 [[Saracen]] raiders destroyed the obscure community of monks, along with neighboring Château-Châlon and the village of [[Lons-le-Saunier]].<ref>Prost 1872:15.</ref> It was refounded during the reign of [[Louis the Pious]] in the early ninth century by Saint Eutice, probably a disciple of [[Benedict of Aniane]], who was revitalizing and reordering the Benedictine communities of the Gauls. In 817, when Emperor Louis at [[Aachen]] divided the monasteries in his lands into three categories, ''monasterium Balma'' was one of only twelve that owed him annual subsidies.<ref>Prost 1872:21-23.</ref>

However, more recent studies indicate that the first reference to Baume is around 869, and that it was not a Merovingian foundation.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nle6UIgtnVkC&pg=PA405&lpg=PA405&dq=baume+les+messieurs+abbey&source=bl&ots=JMELED5i6b&sig=7SIc_6Col67AD9miYneiqWfYLy0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia3qe0-qPXAhXsL8AKHYyGAa04KBDoAQhiMAk#v=onepage&q=baume%20les%20messieurs%20abbey&f=false Constable, Giles. "Baume and Cluny in the Twelfth Century", ''Tradition and Change: Essays in Honor of Marjorie Chibnall'', (Diana Greenway et al., eds.), Cambridge, 1985, pp. 31-61]</ref> [[Sir George Floyd Duckett, 3rd Baronet|George Floyd Duckett]] suggests that the early traditions may confuse the Abbey of Baume-les-Messieurs with the older Baume-les-Nonnes or Baume-les-Dames.<ref>Duckett, George Floyd. ''Visitations and Chapters-General of the Order of Cluny'', London, 1893, p. 44, n. 88</ref>


Passing through Besançon on his way to Rome in 869, [[Lothair II|Lothaire]] granted Baume and all its lands and goods to Arduic, archbishop of Besançon, but he died before the transfer could take effect. Beaume was among the royal properties that fell to the lot of [[Louis the German]] at the division effected in May 870.<ref>Prost 1872:23ff.</ref> After the desolation of Burgundy by the [[Normans]], 887—899, once again it had fallen into such desuetude, that its second refounding abbot,<ref>Prost quotes a charter of [[Rudolph I of Burgundy]], 903: "''Quamdam cellam nomine Balmam, quam ipsi monachi prælibati ad fundamentum reædificaverunt''", "that same cell, Baume by name, that the same aforesaid monks will have rebuilt from the ground up"</ref> [[Berno of Cluny|Berno]], who was later called from Baume to found [[Cluny Abbey]] in 910, is generally credited with being its founder, about 890.<ref>Date in Prost 1872:31.</ref> Berno was confirmed as abbot in 895 by [[Pope Formosus]], who took it and all its lands under the protection of the Holy See, asserting the right of the community to elect their own abbot, and threatening with excommunication any lay lord who might attach its lands and revenues; Berno took the prudent step of placing Baume under the secular patronage of [[Rudolph I of Burgundy]].
Passing through Besançon on his way to Rome in 869, [[Lothair II|Lothaire]] granted Baume and all its lands and goods to Arduic, archbishop of Besançon, but he died before the transfer could take effect. Beaume was among the royal properties that fell to the lot of [[Louis the German]] at the division effected in May 870.<ref>Prost 1872:23ff.</ref> After the desolation of Burgundy by the [[Normans]], 887—899, once again it had fallen into such desuetude, that its second refounding abbot,<ref>Prost quotes a charter of [[Rudolph I of Burgundy]], 903: "''Quamdam cellam nomine Balmam, quam ipsi monachi prælibati ad fundamentum reædificaverunt''", "that same cell, Baume by name, that the same aforesaid monks will have rebuilt from the ground up"</ref> [[Berno of Cluny|Berno]], who was later called from Baume to found [[Cluny Abbey]] in 910, is generally credited with being its founder, about 890.<ref>Date in Prost 1872:31.</ref> Berno was confirmed as abbot in 895 by [[Pope Formosus]], who took it and all its lands under the protection of the Holy See, asserting the right of the community to elect their own abbot, and threatening with excommunication any lay lord who might attach its lands and revenues; Berno took the prudent step of placing Baume under the secular patronage of [[Rudolph I of Burgundy]].
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The notorious{{clarify|date=April 2017}} [[Jean de Watteville]] was abbé de Baume. Baume was secularised in 1753 and its canons were expelled in 1790, at the start of the [[French Revolution]], when Baumes-les-Moines became Baume-les-Messieurs.
The notorious{{clarify|date=April 2017}} [[Jean de Watteville]] was abbé de Baume. Baume was secularised in 1753 and its canons were expelled in 1790, at the start of the [[French Revolution]], when Baumes-les-Moines became Baume-les-Messieurs.

⚫
[[Image:Baume-les-Messieurs_-_ancienne_abbaye_bénédictine.jpg|thumb|left|Baume Abbey (Jura- France)]]
The abbey is a designated historic building. It is privately owned by a group that handles maintenance and schedules group tours.<ref>[http://www.montagnes-du-jura.fr/en/activities/architecture-en/baume-abbey/ "Baume Abbey", Bourgogne, Franche-Comte tourisme]</ref>


== In popular culture ==
== In popular culture ==
⚫
[[Image:Baume-les-Messieurs_-_ancienne_abbaye_bénédictine.jpg|thumb|Baume Abbey (Jura- France)]]
*In the novel [[Raptor (novel)|''Raptor'']], the protagonist Thorn is born and lives his youth in the Abbey of [[Saint Damian|St. Damian Martyr]] within a ringed cliff formation known in [[Gothic language|Gothic]] as the ''Balsan Hrinkhen'' ({{lang-fr|Cirque de Baume}}; likely based on the formation in [[Baume-les-Messieurs]], where Baume Abbey is located).
*In the novel [[Raptor (novel)|''Raptor'']], the protagonist Thorn is born and lives his youth in the Abbey of [[Saint Damian|St. Damian Martyr]] within a ringed cliff formation known in [[Gothic language|Gothic]] as the ''Balsan Hrinkhen'' ({{lang-fr|Cirque de Baume}}; likely based on the formation in [[Baume-les-Messieurs]], where Baume Abbey is located).


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 03:57, 4 November 2017

The abbey and commune in its glacial cirque

Baume Abbey, in its village of Baume-les-Messieurs, Jura, France, was founded as a Benedictine abbey not far from the still-travelled Roman road linking Besançon and Lyon.[1] It stands near the source of the Dard. Around it the village of Baume-les-Messieurs is congregated. The abbey is known for its sixteenth-century retable.

Early history

Nave of the abbey church

Jean Mabillon followed an early tradition that the abbey had been founded by Saint Columbanus, which would place the foundation in the late sixth century.[2] Bernard Prost says that in 732 Saracen raiders destroyed the obscure community of monks, along with neighboring Château-Châlon and the village of Lons-le-Saunier.[3] It was refounded during the reign of Louis the Pious in the early ninth century by Saint Eutice, probably a disciple of Benedict of Aniane, who was revitalizing and reordering the Benedictine communities of the Gauls. In 817, when Emperor Louis at Aachen divided the monasteries in his lands into three categories, monasterium Balma was one of only twelve that owed him annual subsidies.[4]

However, more recent studies indicate that the first reference to Baume is around 869, and that it was not a Merovingian foundation.[5] George Floyd Duckett suggests that the early traditions may confuse the Abbey of Baume-les-Messieurs with the older Baume-les-Nonnes or Baume-les-Dames.[6]

Passing through Besançon on his way to Rome in 869, Lothaire granted Baume and all its lands and goods to Arduic, archbishop of Besançon, but he died before the transfer could take effect. Beaume was among the royal properties that fell to the lot of Louis the German at the division effected in May 870.[7] After the desolation of Burgundy by the Normans, 887—899, once again it had fallen into such desuetude, that its second refounding abbot,[8] Berno, who was later called from Baume to found Cluny Abbey in 910, is generally credited with being its founder, about 890.[9] Berno was confirmed as abbot in 895 by Pope Formosus, who took it and all its lands under the protection of the Holy See, asserting the right of the community to elect their own abbot, and threatening with excommunication any lay lord who might attach its lands and revenues; Berno took the prudent step of placing Baume under the secular patronage of Rudolph I of Burgundy.

The sixteenth-century retable.

About 909, Odo with his noble companion Adegrin, found Baume and became a monk, priest, and then superior of the abbey school, bringing with him a library of 100 books.[10]

Subsequently, however, without the invigorating presence of Berno's first successors,[tone] Baume suffered a century of eclipse, before papal authority gave it in 1147 to Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny; dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, Baume — in a sense the mother-house of Cluny — thus became a Cluniac priory.

The notorious[clarification needed] Jean de Watteville was abbé de Baume. Baume was secularised in 1753 and its canons were expelled in 1790, at the start of the French Revolution, when Baumes-les-Moines became Baume-les-Messieurs.

The abbey is a designated historic building. It is privately owned by a group that handles maintenance and schedules group tours.[11]

Baume Abbey (Jura- France)

References

  1. ^ Bernard Prost, Essai historique sur les origines de l'abbaye de Baume-les Moines, 1872:4.
  2. ^ Prost 1872:12 note 2, 13.
  3. ^ Prost 1872:15.
  4. ^ Prost 1872:21-23.
  5. ^ Constable, Giles. "Baume and Cluny in the Twelfth Century", Tradition and Change: Essays in Honor of Marjorie Chibnall, (Diana Greenway et al., eds.), Cambridge, 1985, pp. 31-61
  6. ^ Duckett, George Floyd. Visitations and Chapters-General of the Order of Cluny, London, 1893, p. 44, n. 88
  7. ^ Prost 1872:23ff.
  8. ^ Prost quotes a charter of Rudolph I of Burgundy, 903: "Quamdam cellam nomine Balmam, quam ipsi monachi prælibati ad fundamentum reædificaverunt", "that same cell, Baume by name, that the same aforesaid monks will have rebuilt from the ground up"
  9. ^ Date in Prost 1872:31.
  10. ^ Prost 1872:40.
  11. ^ "Baume Abbey", Bourgogne, Franche-Comte tourisme
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46°42′28″N 5°38′55″E / 46.70778°N 5.64861°E / 46.70778; 5.64861

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