Marawi

Marawi مراوي
Component city
Islamic City of Marawi
Skyline of the city, pictured in October 2023
Flag Seal
Nickname:  "Summer Capital of the South"
Map of Lanao del Sur with Marawi highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Marawi Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 8°00′11″N 124°17′06″E / 8.0031°N 124.285°E / 8.0031; 124.285
Country	Philippines
Region	Bangsamoro
Province	Lanao del Sur
District	1st district
Settled	1639
Chartered	May 24, 1907
Cityhood	August 19, 1940
Renamed	June 16, 1956
Barangays	96 (see Barangays)
Government  [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Panlungsod
• Mayor	Majul U. Gandamra (PMP)
• Deputy mayor	Anouar A. Abdulrauf (PMP)
• Representative	Ziaur-Rahman A. Adiong (Lakas–CMD)
• City Council	Members Princess Pala A. Lanto-Gandamra Nasrollah M. Basman Cosain R. Capal II Zalwaida A. Macabangon Anisa D. Magandia-Dimal Nasif G. Marangit Ummar Hasser D. Munder Abdul Wali B. Dalidig Abdani T. Alonto Abdulrahim L. Lao
• Electorate	79,244 voters (2022)
Area [2]
• Total	87.55 km2 (33.80 sq mi)
Elevation [3]	710 m (2,330 ft)
Highest elevation	1,852 m (6,076 ft)
Lowest elevation	19 m (62 ft)
Population  (2020 census)[4]
• Total	207,010
• Density	2,400/km2 (6,100/sq mi)
• Households	30,839
Economy
• Income class	4th city income class
• Poverty incidence	20.42 % (2021)[5]
• Revenue	₱ 837.6 million (2020)
• Assets	₱ 3,559 million (2020)
• Expenditure	₱ 843.9 million (2020)
• Liabilities	₱ 2,116 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Lanao del Sur Electric Cooperative (LASURECO)
Time zone	UTC+08:00 (PST)
ZIP code	9700
PSGC	153617000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)63
Native languages	Maranao Tagalog

Marawi, officially the Islamic City of Marawi (Maranao: Bandar a Marawi; Filipino: Lungsod ng Marawi), is a 4th class component city and capital of the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 207,010 people.^[4]

Marawi is located upon the shores of Lake Lanao.^[6] It is primarily inhabited by the Maranao people. The city is also called the "Summer Capital of the South" due to its higher elevation and cooler climate,^{[7][failed verification]} a nickname it shares with Malaybalay.^{[8][better source needed]}

On May 23, 2017, the city suffered extensive damage during the Siege of Marawi as militants affiliated with the Islamic State invaded the city and engaged in a five-month urban warfare,^[9] until when Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana announced the ending of the battle in October.

Dansalan (Marawi's prior name) derived from the Mëranaw word "dansal", which means rendezvous; literally, it also means arrival^[10] (in other source,^[11] "where the waves come to shore"). Being known as the destination point for arriving boats,^[11] the place refers to a port,^[12] hence, the "Place of Destination and Purpose."^[13]

Meanwhile, Marawi is derived from the word "rawi", which means reclining, in reference to Agus River.^[10] On the other hand, this present name is in honor of the city's martyred hero in Kuta Maraghui (Fortress of Marawi) in 1895.^[11]

Dansalan began as a port.^[11] A sovereign of Marawi before 1639 was "Datu Buadi Sa Kayo" who imposed taxation.^{[citation needed]}

Around the original Meranaw fortification, Spanish captain Francisco Atienza founded a settlement called Dansalan in October 1639. His forces had come from Iligan and were attempting to conquer the entire Lake Lanao area. However, it was abandoned later the same year when thousands of Meranaw soldiers invested the then-fortifying settlement, pressing the Spaniards hard and thus they returned to Iligan, having failed in their quest.^[12]

The Spaniards only returned to the area when they began the conquest of the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the 19th century.^[12] They made attempts to capture Marawi, a Maranao stronghold, twice until they succeeded in 1895 with the deaths of Datu Amai Pakpak and Datu Sinal.^[14] They abandoned the place again upon the arrival of the Americans in the Mindanao in 1898.^[12][14]

Dansalan was created as a municipality by the Moro Province legislative council on May 24, 1907;^[13][15] served as the capital of the undivided Lanao Province since its declaration by the American colonial government.^[10][11]

It was in this municipality when, on March 18, 1935, a group of 189 Maranao leaders and its leader, Hadji Abdulhamid Bongabong of Unayan, signed a document known as the Dansalan Declaration, urging then United States President Franklin Roosevelt and its Congress to grant Mindanao and Sulu separate independence by the United States instead of inclusion in the country's independence.^[14][16]

Dansalan was the last to become a chartered city under the country's Commonwealth era with the approval of Commonwealth Act No. 592 on August 19, 1940.^[11][17] During World War II, the Japanese invaded Dansalan and established a "comfort station" in the city, where local girls, teenagers, and young adults were kidnapped and turned into sex slaves under brutal "comfort women" system, where victims were routinely gang-raped and killed by Japanese soldiers.^[18][19][20] After the Second World War, inauguration took place on September 30, 1950.^[21] It was renamed Marawi City on June 16, 1956 through Republic Act (RA) No. 1552 which amended the charter.^{[11][22][10][13]}

Upon division of Lanao province through RA No. 2228 in 1959, it was made capital of Lanao del Sur.^[11][23]

The city, being the country's only predominantly Muslim chartered city, was declared "Islamic City of Marawi" through City Council Resolution No. 19-A on April 15, 1980.^[10][11][13] This was proposed by Parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa, the country's former parliament during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from the Middle East.^[7]

On May 23, 2017, a pro–Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group called the Maute group attacked the city. The Battle of Marawi—also known as the Marawi siege, the Marawi clash, and the Marawi crisis—started on May 23. CNN Philippines reported that the militants had over 500 men.^[24] Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law on the island of Mindanao, where the fighting was taking place, initially until December 31, 2017,^[25] but was later extended to the end of 2018 and then again to the end of 2019.^[25][26] The city was liberated from militant control on October 17, 2017 and battle operations officially ended on October 23, 2017.

On January 30, 2018, it was announced that a 10-hectare military base will be established in the city to prevent the reentry of terrorists.^[27]

The 2017 siege resulted to internally displaced persons contributing to a significant population increase in certain barangays, later led to the creation of new ones.^[28][29] Since then, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) held two separate plebiscites in the city, eventually establishing five barangays.^[30][31]

Results of plebiscites for the creation of barangays, 2023–2024

Proposed barangay	Mother barangay	Choice				Total votes	Turnout (%)	Registered voters
		Yes		No
		Votes	%	Votes	%
2023 plebiscite (City Ordinances 07-10 and 05-10, series of 2022)[30]
Boganga II	Boganga	948	99.79%	2	0.21%	950	95.77%	992
Datu Dalidigan	Sagonsongan	473	99.37%	3	0.63%	476	99.17%	480
2024 plebiscite (City Ordinances 20-11, 18-11, and 19-11, series of 2023)[31]
Angoyao	Patani	1,137	99.82%	2	0.18%	1,139	92.23%	1,235
Sultan Corobong	Dulay Proper	387	100%	0	0%	387	97.97%	395
Sultan Panoroganan	Kilala	597	100%	0	0%	597	94.02%	635
Sources: COMELEC, via Rappler[32] and Inquirer.net.[33]

The plebiscite for the creation of two barangays on March 18, 2023, marking the first exclusively local electoral exercise in the city post-siege,^[28] was held in five polling precincts.^[34] With 96.88% of registered voters participated, majority of them later ratified the proposal.^[35][32] The creation became effective, months prior to the Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections in October.^[36][37]

Another plebiscite, seeking for the creation of three additional barangays, was held on March 9, 2024,^[31] in eight clustered precincts.^[38] With 93.73% voter turnout, the proposal was ratified, almost unanimously.^[39][40]

Marawi has a total land area of 8,755 hectares (21,630 acres). ^[41] It is located on the northernmost shores of Lake Lanao and straddles the area where the Agus River starts. It is bounded to the north by the municipalities of Kapai and Saguiaran; to the south by Lake Lanao; to the east by the municipalities of Bubong and Ditsaan-Ramain; and to the west by the municipalities of Marantao and Saguiaran.^[7] The Bagang beach is situated 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from the city's commercial center.

The Muslim majority city also hosts a national park, the Sacred Mountain National Park, which spans the barangays of Guimba and Papandayan covering an area of 94-hectare (230-acre). The protected area was established on August 5, 1965, by Republic Act no. 4190.^[42] The park is dominated by Mount Mupo, a 900-foot (270 m) tall^[43] extinct volcanic cone. The park is ideal for birdwatching and mountain climbing to the summit that features a small pond.^{[44][better source needed]}

Mountains, rolling hills, valleys, and a large placid lake dominate the city's landscape. Angoyao Hills (Barangay Sogod) served as natural viewpoint over the water of the Lake Lanao. Signal Hill (Barangay Matampay), Arumpac Hill (Barangay Saduc), and Mt. Mupo (Barangay Guimba) are considered beautiful but mysterious. Mt. Mupo, located within the Sacred Mountain National Park, is known for its untouched trees and beautiful, perfect cone.^{[citation needed]}

Marawi is politically subdivided into 101 barangays.^[32][33][45] Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

Marawi's weather is warm and wet throughout the year. With the elevation along Lake Lanao at around 2,300 feet (700 m),^[3] this raised altitude together frequent heavy showers at all seasons, ensures that hot conditions are seldom observed.

Population census of Marawi

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1918	6,005	—
1939	11,319	+3.06%
1948	19,657	+6.32%
1960	27,049	+2.70%
1970	55,708	+7.48%
1975	63,332	+2.61%
1980	53,812	−3.20%
1990	91,901	+5.50%
1995	114,389	+4.19%
2000	131,090	+2.96%
2007	177,391	+4.26%
2010	187,106	+1.96%
2015	201,785	+1.45%
2020	207,010	+0.50%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[47][48][49][50]

Maranao or Meranaw is widely spoken in Marawi; however, many local inhabitants can also speak Maguindanao, Iranun, English and/or Tagalog.

Marawi is predominantly a Muslim city, with Muslims accounting for 99.6% of the population.^[7]

Poverty Incidence of Marawi

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2000 23.30 2003 28.91 2006 27.60 2009 34.48 2012 60.04 2015 54.64 2018 63.18 2021 20.42 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]

The economy of Marawi is largely based on agriculture, trading, and exporting. Most industries in the city are agriculture-oriented. They include rice and corn farming, hollow blocks manufacturing, goldsmithing, and saw milling. Small and cottage-size enterprises are engaged in garment making, mat and malong weaving, wood carving, brassware making, web development, and blacksmithing.^[7]

Apart from that, Marawi is home to NPC – Agus 1 Hydro Electric Power Plant and the first of the six cascading Agus Hydro Power Plants.

A new wind and solar energy plant and a new diesel-generated power plant are set to be developed in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur, by two private firms to provide electricity to Marawi and adjoining areas.^{[59][60][better source needed]} The project will cost PHP 2 billion and will generate 10 to 30 megawatts of electricity.^[59]

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The feeling of the unique natural setting of the Maranaos in Marawi is manifested by the presence of many large Torogans, an antique royal high-roofed houses with carvings designed by the Meranau, and the Sambitory Old Building in Barrio Naga in front of Tuaka Laput, Marawi.

List of Mayors

Only mayors since the 1986 People Power Revolution are listed.

Marawi is home to the main campus of Mindanao State University, the biggest state university in Philippines. Other institutions and colleges are well established in the city and are as follows:

• Mindanao State University – Lanao National College of Arts and Trades
• Jamiatu Muslim Mindanao
• Jamiatu Philippine al-Islamia
• Mapandi Memorial College
• Jamiatu Marawi Al-Islamia Foundation
• Pacasum College
• Marawi Capitol College Foundation, Inc.
• Lake Lanao College Inc.
• Philippine Muslim Teachers' College
• Marawi Islamic College
• Senator Ninoy Aquino College Foundation
• Lanao Islamic Paramedical College Foundation, Inc.
• Cali Paramedical College Foundation, Inc.
• RC-Al Khwarizmi International College Foundation, Inc.
• Mindanao Islamic Computer College
• Datu Mala Muslim Mindanao Islamic College
• Dansalan Polytechnic College
• Philippine Engineering and Agro-Industrial College, Inc.
• Lanao Central College, Inc.
• Khadijah Mohammad Islamic Academy
• Masiricampo Abantas Memorial Educational Center, Inc.
• Philippine Integrated College Academy Foundation Inc.
• Al Bangsamoro Shari'ah and Professional Education College
• Muslim Mindanao Integrated College Academy, Inc.
• Mindanao Institute of Healthcare Professionals, Inc.
• Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc. - Marawi
• Fountain Harvest Islamic Academy

Other notable secondary schools are:

TESDA is also stationed in Marawi which caters to technical training of students for the province.

Within the Mindanao State University is the Aga Khan Museum of Islamic Arts which is named in honor of Sultan Aga Khan who contributed to the realization of the museum. Historical development of the country is bank on the large space upon the conservation of cultural materials. It has huge, collection of indigenous art, displayed ethnic music tape recorded, the native folk dances from different regions of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan, the native tools and weapons used by the Muslims and different artistic designs of houses are the main attractions of museum. Indigenous art and cultural material are being displayed.

Local

• Malaybalay
• Iligan
• Zamboanga City
• Cotabato City
• Lamitan
• Butuan
• Cagayan de Oro

• List of renamed cities and municipalities in the Philippines

• Marawi Profile at the DTI Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Marawi City Profile – Official website