La Salida
La Salida (lit. 'The Exit') was an opposition political campaign launched in Venezuela on 23 January 2014[1] based on civil disobedience against the government of Nicolás Maduro.[2][3][4] The term came to represent overall opposition to the government of Nicolás Maduro.[5]
The initiative was promoted by Leopoldo López, Antonio Ledezma and María Corina Machado,[6] leaders of the Democratic Unity Roundtable. Maduro's opposition became energized after López turned himself in pursuant to an arrest warrant, shortly after the 2014 wave of protests started.[7]
Timeline
Rising violence, the murder of Mónica Spear and her husband,[8] and a troubled economic climate of high inflation and food shortages[1][9] led to protests mostly by students.[10] Demonstrations started on 5 January 2014 in Mérida state, with the death of University of the Andes student Héctor Moreno, and intensified on 4 February in San Cristóbal, Táchira state, after the attempted rape of a student of the university.[2] López presented La Salida alongside the student protests.[1] Henrique Capriles led a moderate approach in opposition to Maduro while López and Machado were described as more radical.[1][7][11]
On 12 February, on Venezuela's Youth Day and the bicentennial of the Battle of La Victoria, Movimiento Estudiantil called for a march from Plaza Venezuela in Caracas to the Public Ministry to demand the release of a group of young demonstrators detained days before in San Cristóbal. During the march, officials of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service shot at the demonstrators, killing student Bassil Da Costa. Juan Montoya and Robert Redman were also killed the same day.[2]
That night, an arrest warrant was issued against López, who was charged with Da Costa's murder and the violence during the protests, with the crimes of "conspiracy, incitement to commit a crime, public intimidation, premeditated aggravated homicide and terrorism".[12] He turned himself in on 18 February.[9][7][12] Maduro's opposition became energized after López turned himself.[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Munger et al. 2019, p. 817.
- ^ a b c González, Andrea (12 February 2021). "12F: A siete años del inicio de "La Salida", ¿dónde están los protagonistas?". Runrunes. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
En 2014 las manifestaciones habían comenzado el 5 de enero, en el estado Mérida, tras la muerte del bachiller Héctor Moreno de la Universidad de los Andes de Mérida. Luego se intensificaron el 4 de febrero en San Cristóbal, estado Táchira, tras el intento de violación de una estudiante de la ULA.
- ^ Moro 2023, Prólogo.
- ^ Galdeano, Laura (21 September 2023). "Javier Moro: 'En la lucha contra Maduro estamos todos porque quieren muertos a todos los demócratas'" [Javier Moro: 'We are all in the fight against Maduro because they want all the democrats dead']. Libertad Digital - Cultura (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2023..
- ^ Tayler, Jeffrey (10 June 2015). "Venezuela's Last Hope". Foreign Policy magazine. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
- ^ "Quién es Antonio Ledezma, el alcalde opositor arrestado por el gobierno de Venezuela" [Who es Antonio Ledezma, the opposition mayor arrested by the Venezuelan government] (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. 20 February 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d Pizzi, Michael (19 February 2014). "Venezuela unrest energizes opposition". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
- ^ Moro 2023, Chapter 4.
- ^ a b "Venezuela protest death toll rises to 13". Al Jazeera. 24 February 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
- ^ Zuñiga, Mariana (28 April 2017). "Amid Venezuela's protests, 'Green Cross' medical students are here to help – and to stay". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
- ^ Watts, Jonathan (21 February 2014). "Venezuelan opposition leader, Leopoldo López, tells his allies to keep fighting". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
- ^ a b Kobelinsky, Fernanda (18 February 2017). "La historia detrás de la detención de Leopoldo López: sus horas previas, por qué se entregó y la sorprendente oferta de Maduro". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 November 2023.
Works cited
- Moro, Javier (2023). Nos Quieren Muertos [They Want Us Dead] (in Spanish). Espasa.
- Munger, Kevin; Bonneau, Richard; Nagler, Jonathan; Tucker, Joshua A. (October 2019). "Elites Tweet to Get Feet Off the Streets: Measuring Regime Social Media Strategies During Protest" (PDF). Political Science Research and Methods. 7 (4): 815–834. doi:10.1017/psrm.2018.3. Retrieved 27 October 2023.