Joseon missions to China: Difference between revisions
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==See also == |
==See also == |
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* [[Joseon diplomacy]] |
* [[Joseon diplomacy]] |
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* [[Joseon |
* [[Joseon ]] |
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* [[Joseon tongsinsa]] |
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* [[Korean Empire]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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Revision as of 05:23, 18 October 2009
Joseon missions to Imperial China were Joseon diplomatic ventures which were intermittently sent in the years 1392-1910. These represent a significant aspect of the international relations of mutual Joseon-Chinese contacts and communication.
Joseon diplomacy
A series diplomatic ventures illustrate the persistence of Joseon's sadae (serving the great) diplomacy in dealings with China. The chronology of one side in a bilateral relationship stands on its own.
This long-term, strategic policy contrasts with the gyorin (kyorin) (neighborly relations) diplomacy in dealings with Jurchen, Ryukyu Kingdom and Japan.[1] Gyorin was applied to a multi-national foreign policy.[2] The unique nature of these bilateral diplomatic exchanges evolved from a conceptual framework developed by the Chinese. Gradually, the theoretical models would be modified, mirroring the evolution of a unique relationship.[3]
Envoys to the Ming court
Although the Joseon Dynasty (Yi family) considered 1392 as the foundation of the Joseon kingdom, Imperial China did not immediately acknowledge the new government on the Korean penninsula. In 1401, the Ming court recognized Joseon as a tributary state in its sino-centric schema of foreign relations. In 1403, the Yung-lo emperor conveyed a patent and a gold seal to Taejong of Joseon, thus confirming his status and that of his dynasty.[4]
Despite the label "tributary state," China did not interfere in Joseon domestic affairs and diplomacy.[4]
| Year | Sender | Joseon chief envoy | Emperor of China | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1597 | Seonjo | Yi Su-gwang[5] | Wanli | Yi's encounters with Matteo Ricci provide impetus for the creation of the first Korean language encylcopedia |
- 1597 – Yi Su-gwang was the Joseon chief envoy from the Joseon court.[5]
Envoys to the Qian court
| Year | Sender | Joseon chief envoy | Emperor of China | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1795 | Jeongjo | – | Qianlong[6] | Offering congratulations; celebrations of the 60th anniversary of Qianlong's reign.[7] |
| 1872 | Gojong | Park Gyu-su[7] | Tongzhi | . |
- 1795 – The first and only American to be received in the court of the Qianlong Emperor took special note of the reception of Joseon ambassadors, who were received immediately preceding the Dutch embassy in which Andreas Everardus van Braam Houckgeest had a role.[6]
- 1872 – Park Gyu-su was the Joseon chief envoy to the court of the Tongzhi Emperor, offering congratulations.[7]
See also
Notes
- ^ Kang, Etsuko H. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century, p. 49.
- ^ Template:Ko icon 사대교린 (조선 외교), Britannica online Korea
- ^ Toby, Ronald P. (1991). State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu, p. 87.
- ^ a b Kang, Diplomacy and Ideology, p. 49.
- ^ a b Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch (RASKB): Yi Sugwang in Beijing (1597). May 2009.
- ^ a b vanBraam Houckgeest, André Everard. (1798). An Authentic Account of the Embassy of the Dutch East-India Company, to the Court of the Emperor of China, in the Years 1974 and 1795, p. 272.
- ^ a b c Kang, Jae-eun, and Suzanne Lee. (2006). The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism, p. 445
References
- Daehwan, Noh. "The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century," Korea Journal (Winter 2003).
- Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Basingstoke, Hampshire; Macmillan. 10-ISBN 0-312-17370-9/13-ISBN 978-0-312-17370-8; OCLC 243874305
- Kang, Jae-eun and Suzanne Lee. (2006). The Land of Scholars : Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Paramus, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey Books. 10-ISBN 1-931-90737-4/13-ISBN 978-1-931-90737-8; OCLC 60931394
- Toby, Ronald P. (1991). State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 10-ISBN 0-804-71951-9/13-ISBN 978-0-804-71951-3
- vanBraam Houckgeest, André Everard. (1798). An authentic account of the embassy of the Dutch East-India company, to the court of the emperor of China, in the years 1794 and 1795, Vol. I. London : R. Phillips.
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