View source for Surinam (Dutch colony)

You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 206.189.32.0/20 has been blocked by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: {{unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~}}. You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 07:33, 6 August 2027. Your current IP address is 206.189.44.186.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 206.189.0.0/16 has been blocked by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: {{unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~}}. You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 07:37, 6 August 2027. Your current IP address is 206.189.44.186.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
This IP address range has been globally blocked.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis.
The IP address or range 206.189.32.0/20 has been globally blocked by ‪EPIC‬ for the following reason(s):

Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected

This block will expire on 08:48, 2 July 2025. Your current IP address is 206.189.44.186.

Even while globally blocked, you will usually still be able to edit pages on Meta-Wiki.

If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

Other useful links: Global blocks · Help:I have been blocked

You can view and copy the source of this page:

{{Short description|Dutch plantation colony in the Guianas}}
{{For | the later Republic of Suriname | Suriname}}
{{Infobox former country
|native_name            = ''Kolonie Suriname''
|conventional_long_name =Colony of Surinam 
|name            = 
|era                    = 
|status                 = Colony
|empire                 =[[Netherlands]]
|year_start             = 1667
|year_end               = 1954
|event_start            = [[Invasion of Surinam (1667)|Capture of Surinam]]
|event1 = [[Treaty of Breda (1667)|Treaty of Breda]]
|date_event1 = 31 July 1667
|date_start             = 26 February
|event_end              = Proclamation of the [[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
|date_end               = 15 December
|p1=Surinam (English colony)
|s1                     = Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
|image_flag             = Flag of the Netherlands.svg
|linking_name           = the Netherlands<!--For flag caption-->
|image_coat             = Coat of arms of Dutch colony of Surinam.svg
|symbol_type_article    = Coat of arms of Surinam
|image_map              = Suriname (orthographic projection).svg
|image_map_caption      = Suriname in 1954
|capital                = [[Paramaribo]]
|title_leader = Head of state
|leader1=[[William III of England|Willem III]] (first)
|year_leader1 = 1667–1702
|leader2=[[Juliana of the Netherlands|Juliana]] (last)
|year_leader2=1948–1954
|title_representative   = 
|representative1=
|year_representative1 = 
|representative2=
|year_representative2 = 
|title_deputy = [[List of colonial governors of Suriname|Governor General]]
|deputy1=[[:nl:Maurits de Rama|Maurits de Rama]] (first)
|year_deputy1=1667
|deputy2=[[Johan van Scharphuizen]]
|year_deputy2=1689–1696
|national_motto         =  
| national_anthem       = {{native name|nl|"[[Wilhelmus van Nassouwe]]"|nolink=yes|italics=off}}<br />{{small|"'William of Nassau"}}<br />{{center|[[File:Het-Wilhelmus.ogg|noicon|center]]}}
|common_languages       = [[Dutch language|Dutch]] (official)<br/>{{collapsible list
 |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 |title = 11 other languages
 | [[Sranan Tongo]]
 | [[Caribbean Hindustani#Sarnami Hindustani|Sarnami Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu)]]
 | [[Javanese language|Javanese]]
 | [[Ndyuka language|Ndyuka]]
 | [[Saramaccan language|Saramaccan]]
|[[Kwinti language|Kwinti]]
 |[[Chinese language|Chinese]]
 | [[English language|English]]
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| [[French language|French]]
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
}}
{{collapsible list
 |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 |title = 8 native languages
                     |[[Akurio language|Akurio]]
                     |[[Arawak language|Arawak-Lokono]]
                     | [[Carib language|Carib-Kari'nja]]
                     | [[Sikiana language|Sikiana-Kashuyana]]
                     | [[Tiriyó language|Tiro-Tiriyó]]
                     | [[Waiwai language|Waiwai]]
                     | [[Warao language|Warao]]
                     | [[Wayana language|Wayana]] 
}}
|currency               = [[Dutch guilder]], [[Spanish dollar]]
|today=[[Suriname]]
|demonym=|area_km2=|area_rank=|GDP_PPP=|GDP_PPP_year=|HDI=|HDI_year=|common_name=|status_text=Colony of the [[Dutch Republic]] (1667–1795) <br /> Colony of the [[Batavian Republic]] (1795–1799, 1802–1804) <br /> Occupied territory of the [[United Kingdom]] (1799–1802, 1804–1815) <br /> Colony of the [[Netherlands]] (1815–1954)|year_deputy3=1949–1954|deputy3=[[Jan Klaasesz]]|life_span=1667–1954}}

'''Surinam''' ({{langx|nl|Suriname}}), also unofficially known as '''[[Dutch colonisation of the Guianas|Dutch Guiana]]''', was a Dutch [[plantation economy|plantation colony]] in [[the Guianas]], bordered by the equally Dutch colony of [[Berbice]] to the west, and the French colony of [[French Guiana|Cayenne]] to the east. It later bordered [[British Guiana]] from 1831 to 1966.

== History ==
=== The colonization of Suriname ===
{{see also|History of Suriname}}

[[File:Guiana's.jpg|thumb|left|Map of the Guianas from 1700]]

Surinam was a Dutch colony from 26 February 1667, when Dutch forces captured [[Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham|Francis Willoughby]]'s [[England|English]] colony during the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]], until 15 December 1954, when Surinam became a [[Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)|constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands]]. The status quo of Dutch sovereignty over Surinam, and English sovereignty over [[New Netherland]], which it had conquered in 1664, was kept in the [[Treaty of Breda (1667)|Treaty of Breda]] of 31 July 1667, and again confirmed in the [[Treaty of Westminster (1674)|Treaty of Westminster]] of 1674.{{sfn|Oostindie|2005|pp=7-8}}

After the [[Dutch colonisation of the Guianas|other Dutch colonies in the Guianas]], i.e., [[Berbice]], [[Essequibo (colony)|Essequibo]], [[Demerara]], and [[Pomeroon (colony)|Pomeroon]], were lost to the British in 1814, the remaining colony of Surinam was often referred to as '''Dutch Guiana''', especially after 1831, when the British merged Berbice, Essequibo, and Demerara into [[British Guiana]]. As the term Dutch Guiana was used in the 17th and 18th centuries to refer to all Dutch colonies in the Guianas, this use of the term can be confusing ([[Surinam (Dutch colony)#Dutch Guiana|see below]]).

=== Dutch Guiana ===
[[File:Flag of Suriname (1959–1975).svg|thumb|left|Flag of Suriname (1959–1975)]]

Although the colony has always been officially known as Surinam or Suriname, in both Dutch<ref>See for example [http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_sur001184601_01/_sur001184601_01_0014.php this royal decree] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210700/http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_sur001184601_01/_sur001184601_01_0014.php |date=2016-03-03 }} separating Suriname from Curaçao and Dependencies (1845).</ref> and English,<ref>In treaties between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, the colony is consistently referred to as the ''Colony of Surinam'', e.g. [[Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–1871|Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands, relative to the Emigration of Labourers from India to the Dutch ''Colony of Surinam'']], the [https://books.google.com/books?id=TIv5LQEACAAJ Accession of the Dutch ''colonies of Curaçao and Surinam'' to the International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property].</ref> the colony was often unofficially and semi-officially referred to as Dutch Guiana (Dutch: ''Nederlands Guiana'') in the 19th and 20th century, in an analogy to [[British Guiana]] and [[French Guiana]]. Historically, Suriname was only one of many Dutch colonies in [[the Guianas]], others being [[Berbice]], [[Essequibo (colony)|Essequibo]], [[Demerara]], and [[Pomeroon (colony)|Pomeroon]], which after being taken over by the United Kingdom in 1814, were united into British Guiana in 1831. The Dutch also controlled [[Dutch Brazil|northern Brazil]] from 1630 to 1654, including the area that, when governed by Lisbon, was called [[Portuguese Guiana]]. Thus, before 1814, the term [[Dutch colonization of the Guianas|Dutch Guiana]] described not only Suriname, but all the colonies under Dutch sovereignty in the region taken together: a set of polities, with distinct governments, whose external borders changed much over time.<ref>This is, e.g., how Jan Jacob Hartsinck uses the term in his ''Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America'' {{harv|Hartsinck|1770|pp=257}}.</ref>

=== Slave labor in the colony ===
[[File:A Surinam Planter in his Morning Drefs (Dress), by John Gabriel Stedman, 1796 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left| An illustration of a Dutch plantation owner and slave from [[William Blake]]'s illustrations of the work of [[John Gabriel Stedman]], first published in 1792–1794]]
The economy of the Colony of Suriname depended upon people enslaved at its plantations. Slave labour was mostly supplied by the [[Dutch West India Company]] from its trading posts in West Africa, to produce their crops. [[Sugar]], [[cotton]], and [[Indigo dye|indigo]] were the main goods exported from the colony to the [[Netherlands]] until the early 18th century, when [[coffee]] became the single most important export product of Surinam. Planters' treatment of the slaves was notoriously bad.<ref>{{cite book|author=Streissguth, Tom |title=Suriname in Pictures|url=https://archive.org/details/surinameinpictur0000stre|url-access=registration |year= 2009|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-1-57505-964-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/surinameinpictur0000stre/page/23 23]–}}</ref> The historian [[C.R. Boxer]] wrote that "man's inhumanity to man just about reached its limits in Surinam",<ref>{{cite book|title=The Dutch Seaborne Empire |author=C.R. Boxer| author-link=C. R. Boxer|pages=271–272|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780140136180|date=1990}}</ref> and many slaves escaped the plantations. The [[Amsterdam Stock Exchange]] crashed in 1773, which dealt a severe blow to the plantation economy that was further exacerbated by the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807.{{sfn|Buddingh'|1999|p=57}} This abolition was adopted by [[William I of the Netherlands]], who signed a royal decree in this regard in June 1814, and who concluded the [[Anglo-Dutch Slave Trade Treaty]] in May 1818. Many plantations went bankrupt as a consequence of the abolition of slave trade. Without supply of slaves, many plantations were merged to increase efficiency.

=== Abolition of slavery ===
{{anchor|Emancipation}}Slavery was eventually abolished on 1 July 1863, a date now celebrated as the public holiday of [[Ketikoti]], although [[Slavery|slaves]] were only released after a ten-year transitory period in 1873.{{sfn|Bakker|1993|p=76}} This spurred the immigration of [[indenture]]d labourers from [[British India]], after [[Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–1871|a treaty to that effect]] had been signed between the Netherlands and the [[United Kingdom]] in 1870. Apart from immigration from British India, [[Javanese people|Javanese]] workers from the [[Dutch East Indies]] were also contracted to work on plantations in Surinam.{{sfn|Bakker|1993|p=105}} At the same time, a largely unsuccessful attempt to colonize Surinam with [[Boeroes|impoverished farmers from the Netherlands]] was started as well.

=== The natural resources of Suriname ===
In the 20th century, the natural resources of Surinam, which include [[rubber]], [[gold]] and [[bauxite]], were exploited. 
[[File:Map 1818 spanish guaiana dutch Guiana Essequibo River.jpg|thumb|Dutch Guaiana (1818 map)]]
The [[gold rush]] that followed the discovery of gold on the banks of the [[Lawa River (South America)|Lawa River]] spurred the construction of the Lawa Railway in 1902, although construction was halted after gold production proved disappointing. In the 1930s, the grandmother of Hennah Draaibaar discovered more than 80 kilos of gold, which made her briefly the richest woman in Surinam; the Dutch took most of the gold to the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Grandma and the great gold rush of Suriname
| publisher = BBC
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3ct3542
| date = 2023
| access-date = 31 January 2023
| archive-date = 31 January 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230131000342/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3ct3542
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

In 1916, the [[United States|U.S.]] [[aluminium]] company [[Alcoa]] began mining bauxite on the banks of the [[Cottica River]], near the village of [[Moengo]]. In 1938, the company built an aluminium [[smelter]] in [[Paranam]].

The 1930s were a difficult time for Suriname. The Great Depression created great unemployment. Surinamese guest workers in Curaçao and other islands of the Netherlands Antilles returned to Suriname because there was no more work, which exacerbated the problem. No more funds came in and more unemployed people were added. To provide work, roads were built to Domburg and Groningen, and the Meursweg was constructed. The Salvation Army set up a soup kitchen to relieve the worst of necessities. However, this was not enough, and there was a great deal of unrest among the population in 1931, leading to demonstrations and street riots with looting. Nationalist Anton de Kom then came to Suriname to set up a workers' organization there: he established a consultancy firm, but when he organized a demonstration against governor [[Johannes Kielstra]], he was imprisoned. A rally to get him released led to ''Black Tuesday'', in which 2 people were shot. De Kom was then put on a boat to the Netherlands. The Dutch Prime Minister Colijn stated in the Lower House in 1935:
[[File:Essequibo River in 1826 Río Esequibo en 1826 Gran Colombia and British Guiana.jpg|thumb|Dutch Guiana in 1826]]
: "Everything that has been tried in Suriname, it all simply failed. Things are not easy. And that is why I wanted someone to get up in the Netherlands who knew what could be done. I will do the possible."

However, the situation had improved somewhat on the eve of the Second World War.

Partly due to the importance of Surinamese aluminium for the allied war effort, United States troops were stationed in Surinam under an agreement with the [[Dutch government in exile]] on 23 November 1941. Under the provisions of the [[Atlantic Charter]] of August 1941, the Dutch government in exile promised to end the colonial relations between the Netherlands and its overseas possessions, promising them far-reaching autonomy and self-rule. This was eventually accomplished by the proclamation of the [[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]] on 15 December 1954, which constituted a Kingdom in which the Netherlands, the [[Netherlands Antilles]], and [[Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)|Suriname]] participated on a basis of equality. In 1975, Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become the independent country of [[Suriname]].

== Administration ==
[[File:Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië-Surinam north-Benj004ency01ill stitched.jpg|thumb|Suriname (circa 1914) in the Encyclopedia of the Dutch West Indies, by Surinamese cartographer [[Herman Benjamins]] and Dutch ethnographer [[Johannes François Snelleman|Johannes Snelleman]].]]
From 1683, the colony was governed by the [[Society of Suriname]], a company composed of three equal shareholders, being the city of [[Amsterdam]], the family [[Cornelis van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck|Van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck]], and the [[Dutch West India Company]]. Although the organization and administration was of the colony was limited to these three shareholders, all citizens of the [[Dutch Republic]] were free to trade with Suriname.<ref>Meiden, G.W. (2008) Betwist Bestuur. De eerste eeuw bestuurlijke ruzies in Suriname 1651-1753, p. 11.</ref> Also, the planters were consulted in a [[Council of Police]], which was a unique feature among the colonies of Guiana.<ref>Buddingh, H. (1995) Geschiedenis van Suriname, p. 26.</ref>

In November 1795, the Society was nationalized by the [[Batavian Republic]]. From then on until 1954, the Batavian Republic and its legal successors (the [[Kingdom of Holland]] and the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]) governed the territory as a national colony, barring a period of British occupation between 1799 and 1802, and between 1804 and 1816.

After the [[Batavian Republic]] took over in 1795, the Dutch government issued various [[government regulation for Suriname|government regulations for Suriname]] ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Regeringsreglement voor Suriname''), establishing the government of the colony. In 1865, a new government regulation replaced the previous regulation of 1832, which theoretically gave Suriname some limited self-rule.<ref name="Paula">{{cite web |url=http://books.caribseek.com/Curacao/Staatkundige_Ontwikkeling_Nederlandse_Antillen/koloniale-raad.shtml |title=Koloniale Raad |author=A.F. Paula |year=1989 |work=Hoofdmomenten uit de Staatkundige Ontwikkeling van de Nederlandse Antillen |access-date=30 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219020549/http://books.caribseek.com/Curacao/Staatkundige_Ontwikkeling_Nederlandse_Antillen/koloniale-raad.shtml |archive-date=19 December 2012 }}</ref> The colonial elite was given the right to elect a Colonial Council (Dutch: ''Koloniale Raad'') which would co-govern the colony together with the Governor-General appointed by the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Dutch crown]]. Among others, the Colonial Council was allowed to decide over the colony's budget, which was subject to approval by the Dutch crown, but which did not see any involvement of Dutch parliament.<ref name ="Paula" />

[[File:Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute Objectnumber 60038537 Waarnemend gouverneur Rietberg en gou.jpg|thumb|Baron [[Aarnoud van Heemstra]], the governor of Suriname in 1923]]
In the wake of the 1922 Dutch constitutional revision, in which the term "colony" was replaced by "overseas territory", the 1865 government regulation was replaced by the [[Basic Law of Suriname]] (Dutch: ''Staatsregeling van Suriname'') on 1 April 1937. This Basic Law renamed the Colonial Council to Estates of Suriname (Dutch: ''Staten van Suriname'') and increased the membership from 13 to 15.

After the [[Second World War]], during which the [[Dutch government in exile]] had pledged to review the relationship between the Netherlands and its colonies, the Basic Law was heavily revised. In March 1948, revisions to the Basic Law were adopted by Dutch parliament, which introduced [[universal suffrage]] for both men and women, which increased the membership of the Estates from 15 to 21, and which introduced a College of General Government (Dutch: ''College van Algemeen Bestuur'') which was to assist the Governor in the everyday government of the colony, and which was the precursor to the Cabinet of Ministers.<ref name="Suriname.nu">{{cite web |url=http://www.suriname.nu/303ges/januari28.html |title=Wat gebeurde er op 28 januari 1948? |year=1989 |publisher=Suriname.nu |access-date=30 May 2012 |archive-date=9 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709145404/http://www.suriname.nu/303ges/januari28.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The new constitution took effect in July 1948.

== Military ==
In 1868 the Dutch government created the [[Netherlands Armed Forces in Suriname]] (TRIS) which served as the Dutch colonial army in Suriname.<ref>De historie van de TRIS: http://www.trisonline.nl/de-tris/de-historie-van-de-tris/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702145419/http://www.trisonline.nl/de-tris/de-historie-van-de-tris/ |date=2017-07-02 }}</ref> This meant that like the [[Royal Netherlands East Indies Army]] (KNIL) in the [[Dutch East Indies]], TRIS fell under the responsibility of the Dutch Ministry of Colonies, instead of the Dutch Ministry of Defense. The size of the TRIS army was, however, small, compared to the KNIL army for the former colony of [[Indonesia]], it consisted of two infantry and two artillery companies. In total 636 soldiers served in the TRIS army. These soldiers were tasked with patrolling and policing duties within the Dutch colony of Surinam.<ref>Ibidem.</ref>

==See also==
*[[William III of the Netherlands|Willem III]]
*[[Amsterdam]]
*[[Dutch East Indies]]
*[[Saba (island)|Saba]]
*[[Poenale sanctie]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book
    | last = Bakker
    | first = Eveline
    | title = Geschiedenis van Suriname: van stam tot staat
    | publisher = Walburg Pers
    | year = 1993
    | location = Zutphen
    | isbn = 9789060118375
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=29QYAAAAYAAJ
  }}
* {{cite book
    | last = Buddingh'
    | first = Hans
    | title = Geschiedenis van Suriname
    | publisher = Het Spectrum
    | year = 1999
    | location = Zutphen
    | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HCF8AAAAMAAJ
    | isbn = 9789046811726
    }}
*{{citation
    | last = Hartsinck
    | first = Jan Jacob
    | title = Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America
    | year = 1770
    | publisher = Gerrit Tielenburg
    | location = Amsterdam
    | url = http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/hart038besc01_01/hart038besc01_01_0024.php
   }}
* {{cite book
    | last = Oostindie
    | first = Gert
    | title = Paradise overseas: the Dutch Caribbean: colonialism and its transatlantic legacies
    | publisher = Macmillan Caribbean
    | year = 2005
    | location = Oxford
    | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p00YAAAAYAAJ
    | isbn = 1405057130
   }}
* {{cite book|last1=Kappler|first1=A.|last2=Ietswaart|first2=Michaël|title=Zes jaren in Suriname: August Kappler, een Duitser in Suriname 1836-1842|year=2014|publisher=Walburg Pers|location=Zutphen|isbn=9789057303012}}
* {{cite book|last=Nederlof|first=Marjo|title=Eerlijckman - 1680-1713: in dienst van het Staatse leger en de West-Indische Compagnie|year=2008|publisher=De Curaçaosche Courant|location=Curaçao|isbn=9789990408201}}
* {{cite book|last=Kompagnie|first=Jan H.|title=Soldaten overzee: aanwijzingen voor het doen van onderzoek naar onderofficieren en minderen bij het Koninklijk Nederlandsch-Indisch Leger (KNIL) en bij het leger in West-Indië (1815-1949)|year=1996|publisher= Algemeen Rijksarchief|location=Den Haag|isbn=9074920071}}

===Online===
*[http://www.trisonline.nl/ TRIS online]
*[http://www.tris.nl/ TRIS]

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQkYtmiQSE4/ Dutch West Indies 1630-1975]

{{Suriname topics}}
{{Dutch colonies|West India|Kingdom1}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord missing|Suriname}}

[[Category:Dutch colonisation of the Guianas]]
[[Category:Former colonies in South America]]
[[Category:Former Dutch colonies]]
[[Category:Dutch colonization of the Americas]]
[[Category:Countries and territories where Dutch is an official language]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1667]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1954]]
[[Category:1667 establishments in South America]]
[[Category:1954 disestablishments in South America]]
[[Category:1667 establishments in the Dutch Empire]]
[[Category:1950s disestablishments in the Dutch Empire]]
[[Category:1952 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Netherlands–Suriname relations]]
[[Category:Former settlements and colonies of the Dutch West India Company]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Economy of Suriname (edit)
Geography of Suriname (edit)
History of Suriname (edit)
Index of Suriname-related articles (edit)
Outline of Suriname (edit)
Politics of Suriname (edit)
Suriname (edit)
Template:Anchor (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Br separated entries (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Bulleted list (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Center (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Citation (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Collapsible list (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord missing (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord missing/CheckCat (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country topics (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dutch colonies (edit)
Template:For (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Harv (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Harvard citation (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If (view source) (protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox country (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox country/formernext (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox country/imagetable (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox country/multirow (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox country/status text (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox country/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox former country (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Langx (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Native name (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:P1 (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:P2 (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Resolve category redirect (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sfn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Small (view source) (protected)
Template:Smallsup (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Suriname topics (edit)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wikidata (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wrap (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Category:Suriname articles missing geocoordinate data (edit)
Portal:Suriname (edit)
Module:Anchor (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Collapsible list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/whitelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:For (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/langx (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Native name (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox with collapsible groups (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox with collapsible groups/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Redirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Resolve category redirect (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wd/i18n (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Surinam (Dutch colony).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)"