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{{short description|Month in 1916}}
{{Events by month|1916}}
{{calendar|year=1916|month=January}}

[[File:Battle of Keprikei.jpg|thumb|375px|right|Russian and Ottoman cavalry clash at the [[Battle of Koprukoy]] near [[Erzurum]], [[Turkey]].]]
[[File:Meso Campaign.jpg|thumb|375px|right|Indian anti-aircraft machine gunners in action during [[Mesopotamian campaign]].]]

The following events occurred in '''January 1916''':

==January 1, 1916 (Saturday) ==
[[File:RoseBowl-1916.tiff|thumb|right|300px|Team captains for [[Brown University|Brown Bears]] (left) and [[Washington State University|Washington State]] meet referee [[Walter Eckersall]] of [[Chicago]] just before kickoff at the [[1916 Rose Bowl]].]]
* [[Second Battle of Jaunde]] &ndash; [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] forces occupied the capital of [[Yaoundé|Jaunde]] of [[German Cameroon]].<ref>{{cite book| last1=O'Neill|first1=Herbert C.|title=The War in Africa and the Far East.|date=1918|publisher=London Longmans Green|location=London|page=62}}</ref>
* [[Senussi campaign]] &ndash; Aerial reconnaissance spotted a [[Senussi]] camp of 80 tents {{convert|35|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of British garrison at [[Matrouh Governorate|Matruh]] in [[North Africa]]. A desert column mobilized to capture the camp but 10 days of torrential rain delayed the assault.<ref>{{cite book |title=Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine, From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917 |volume=I |last1=Macmunn |first1=G |last2=Falls |first2=C. |year=1996 |orig-year=1928 HMSO |publisher=Battery Press |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=0-89839-241-1|pages=118–120}}</ref>
* British troop ship ''[[SS Geelong|Geelong]]'' sank while returning soldiers from the [[Gallipoli campaign]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] after colliding with another ship. All soldiers and crew on board were rescued.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article101145981 |title=S.S. GEELONG LOST. |work=[[The Albury Banner and Wodonga Express]] |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=7 January 1916 |access-date=22 July 2016 |page=23 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
* The British [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] carried out the first successful [[blood transfusion]] using blood that had been stored and cooled.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kim Pelis|title=Taking Credit: The Canadian Army Medical Corps and the British Conversion to Blood Transfusion in WWI|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences| url=https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_the_history_of_medicine_and_allied_sciences/v056/56.3pelis.html|year=2001|doi=10.1093/jhmas/56.3.238|volume=56|issue=3|pages=238–277|pmid=11552401|s2cid=34956231}}</ref>
* [[Ross Sea party]] &ndash; Marooned onshore in the [[Antarctic]] after the British polar exploration ship ''[[SY Aurora|Aurora]]'' lost anchor and [[SY Aurora's drift|drifted]] in May 1915, the 10-man party of the second arm of the [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] split up. Four scientists manned a post at [[Cape Evans]] while the other six sledged to lay down a depot at [[Mount Hope (Ross Dependency)|Mount Hope]] near the [[Beardmore Glacier]] where the first arm of the expedition was expected to reach (unknown to them, the first arm of the expedition was also marooned).<ref>{{cite book | author-link = Kelly Tyler-Lewis | last = Tyler-Lewis | first = Kelly | title = The Lost Men | publisher = Bloomsbury Publications | year = 2007 | location = London | isbn = 978-0-7475-7972-4 | pages=163–64, 171}}</ref>
* The [[1915 Washington State football team|Washington State Cougars]] football team defeated [[Brown University]] 14–0 in front of an estimated 10,000 spectators in the [[1916 Rose Bowl|second Rose Bowl]], after a 15-year hiatus.<ref>[http://wsucougars.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/1916-rose-bowl.html Washington State Cougars in the 1916 Rose Bowl] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107072741/http://wsucougars.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/1916-rose-bowl.html |date=2006-11-07 }} - Washington State athletic department</ref>
* The [[association football]] club [[Estrela do Norte Futebol Clube|Estrela do Norte]] was established in [[Cachoeiro de Itapemirim]], [[Brazil]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Escudos dos Times do Mundo Inteiro|publisher=Panda Books|author=Rodolfo Rodrigues|year=2009|page=47}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Rehavam Amir]], Lithuanian-Israeli diplomat, diplomat to the [[United Kingdom]] from 1953 to 1958, in [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]] (d. [[2013]]); [[Manuel Manahan]], Filipino politician, co-founder of the [[Progressive Party (Philippines)|Progressive Party of the Philippines]], member of the [[Senate of the Philippines]] from 1961 to 1967 (d. [[1994]])

==January 2, 1916 (Sunday) ==
*[[HMS E2|HMS ''E2'']], the last British submarine to operate in the [[Sea of Marmara]] within [[Turkey]], was recalled by the Royal Navy, bringing an end to the 1915 Marmara campaign. During 1915, British subs torpedoed and sank two battleships, one destroyer, five gunboats, seven ammunition ships, and nine transport ships in the Ottoman Navy, along with 30 steamers and 188 sailing vessels, and "so harassed enemy shipping as to practically paralyze it by the autumn."<ref>Arthur J. Marder, ''From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow'', Volume II, ''The War Years: To the Eve of Jutland 1914—1916'' (Naval Institute Press, 2013) p. 313</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Joseph Rucker Lamar]], American judge, [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] from 1910 to 1916 (b. [[1857]]); [[Félix Sardà y Salvany]], Spanish clergy and writer, editor of the Catholic newspaper ''La Revista Popular'', author of ''Liberalism is a Sin'' (b. [[1844]])

==January 3, 1916 (Monday) ==
* The [[Sykes–Picot Agreement]], a secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France to define their claims for the division of Arab territories in the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the event of a Central Powers defeat, was signed by Sir [[Mark Sykes]], Assistant Secretary for Middle Eastern Affairs to the British War Cabinet, and French diplomat [[François Georges-Picot]].<ref>A. L. Macfie, ''The Eastern Question 1774-1923'' (Taylor & Francis, 1989) p. 61</ref> In the agreement, what are now Syria and Lebanon were to be under French control, Iraq under British control, and Palestine (incorporating modern-day Israel and Lebanon) was to be under joint control.<ref>James Barr, ''A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914-1948'' (W. W. Norton, 2011) p. 26</ref>
*Britain's [[Secret Intelligence Service|Secret Service Bureau]] (now the Secret Intelligence Service) was reorganized to create several Special Branch law enforcement departments within the SSB, including Section 5 of the [[Directorate of Military Intelligence (United Kingdom)|Directorate of Military Intelligence]], or [[MI5]], the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency.<ref>Andrew Staniforth and Fraser Sampson, ''The Routledge Companion to UK Counter-Terrorism'' (Taylor & Francis, 2013) p. 28</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[The Andrews Sisters|Maxene Andrews]], American singer, one of [[The Andrews Sisters]], best-selling group sold over 75 million records, in [[Mound, Minnesota]] (d. [[1995]]); [[Betty Furness]], American actress and consumer activist, lead actress for the 1950 TV series ''[[Studio One (American TV series)|Studio One]]'', special assistant to the President of Consumer Affairs for the [[Federal Trade Commission]], in [[New York City]] (d. [[1994]])
* '''Died:''' [[Grenville M. Dodge]], railroad executive, chief engineer of the [[First transcontinental railroad]] (b. [[1831]])

==January 4, 1916 (Tuesday) ==
* [[Siege of Kut]] &ndash; A British relief force of over 13,000 men was dispatched to [[Kut]], [[Mesopotamia]] (now [[Iraq]]) to resupply the defending [[British Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=David F. |last1=Burg |first2=L. Edward |last2=Purcell |title=Almanac of World War I, part 522 |location=[[Lexington, Kentucky]] |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |year=2004 |page=94}}</ref>
* British noble [[John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair|John Hamilton-Gordon]] became the first to be awarded the title of [[Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29427|page=179|date=4 January 1916}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Roy Fransen]], British high diver and stuntman, in [[Tottenham]], north [[London]], [[England]] (d. [[1985]]); [[Slim Gaillard]], American jazz musician, known for comedic vocal style in hits such as "[[Flat Foot Floogie (with a Floy Floy)]]", in [[Santa Clara, Cuba]] (d. [[1991]]); [[Lionel Newman]], American film composer, Oscar winner for the soundtrack for the musical ''[[Hello, Dolly! (film)|Hello, Dolly!]]'', in [[New Haven, Connecticut]] (d. [[1989 in film|1989]]); [[Princess Niloufer]], Ottoman noble, one of the last princesses of the [[Ottoman Empire]], in [[Istanbul]] (d. [[1989]])
* '''Died:''' [[Bruce Sloss]], Australian [[association football]] player, played for [[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]], [[Sydney Swans]], and [[Brighton Football Club|Brighton]], killed in action at [[Armentières]], [[France]] (b. [[1889]])

==January 5, 1916 (Wednesday) ==
* [[Montenegrin campaign]] &ndash; The Montenegrin Army was ordered to defend the retreating Serbian army as [[Austria-Hungary]] launched an offensive against [[Montenegro]].<ref>Vucinich, Louis Andrew (1974) ''God and the Villagers: A story of Montenegro'' Buffalo State College Foundation, Buffalo, New York, pages 313-314, {{OCLC|1194937}}</ref><ref>Roberts, Elizabeth (2005) ''Realm of the Black Mountain: A History of Montenegro'' Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, [https://books.google.com/books?id=G62MCZ3RiIEC&pg=PA311 page 311], {{ISBN|978-0-8014-4601-6}}</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] destroyer [[HMS Turbulent (1916)|HMS ''Turbulent'']] was launched at the [[Hawthorn Leslie and Company]] shipyard in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], [[England]]. It would be sunk at the [[Battle of Jutland]] six months later.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Colledge|first1=J.J.|last2=Warlow|first2=Ben|title=Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy|date=1969|publisher=Chatham Publishing|location=London|isbn=978-1-86176-281-8|page=647|edition=2006}}</ref>
* ''[[Baron Bean]]'', a comic strip by [[George Herriman]], debuted through the [[King Features Syndicate]] owned by [[William Randolph Hearst]].<ref>Ron Goulart.''The Funnies:100 years of American comic strips''. Holbrook, Mass. : Adams Pub., 1995. {{ISBN|1558505393}} p. 110</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Maup Caransa]], Dutch business executive, leading real estate developer in post-[[World War II]] [[Amsterdam]], famously kidnapped for ransom in 1977, in [[Amsterdam]] (d. [[2009]])
* '''Died:''' [[Ulpiano Checa]], Spanish artist, known for such works as including painting for ''[[Le Train Bleu]]'' in 1900, recipient of the [[Legion of Honour]] (b. [[1860]]); [[Harry Hems]], British sculptor, leading artist of [[Gothic Revival architecture]] with noted restoration works such as the [[St Albans Cathedral]] in [[England]] (b. [[1842]])
* '''Died:''' [[Sam Lucas]], American actor, first African-American to portray [[Uncle Tom]] in both stage and screen adaptations of ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' (b. [[1848]]); [[E. J. Woods]], Australian architect, designer of St. Peter's Cathedral and State Parliament House in [[Adelaide]], [[Australia]] (b. [[1839]])

==January 6, 1916 (Thursday) ==
* [[Battle of Mojkovac]] &ndash; An Austro-Hungarian force of 20,000 men attacked dug-in Montenegrin positions near [[Mojkovac]], [[Montenegro]]. Despite out being vastly outnumbered, the Montenegrin Army of 6,000 repulsed the attack and inflicted 2,000 casualties.<ref>Djilas, Milovan (1958) ''Land Without Justice'' Harcourt, Brace, New York, page 161, {{OCLC|2004937}}</ref><ref>Vucinich 1974, 313-314</ref>
* [[Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad]] &ndash; The British relief force of 13,000 under command of [[Major-General]] [[George Younghusband]] ran into a force with the [[Sixth Army (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman Sixth Army]] while on a relief mission to [[Kut]] in the [[Mesopotamia]], and suffered 600 casualties the first day.<ref>{{cite book|first= Edmund|last= Candler|title= The Long Road To Baghdad |url= https://archive.org/details/longroadtobaghd00candgoog|year= 1919|publisher=Cassell and Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/longroadtobaghd00candgoog/page/n69 45] }}</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] battleship [[HMS King Edward VII|HMS ''King Edward VII'']] struck a mine laid down by German cruiser {{SMS|Möwe|1914|6}} off the coast of [[Scotland]] and sank while being towed to shore by British destroyer [[HMS Fortune (1913)|HMS ''Fortune'']].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burt|first1=R. A.|title=British Battleships 1889–1904|date=1988|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=0-87021-061-0|pages=247–250}}</ref>
* British submarine [[HMS E17|HMS ''E17'']] was wrecked offshore of the [[Netherlands]], with all crew rescued by Dutch cruiser [[HNLMS Noordbrabant (1899)|HNLMS ''Noordbrabant'']].<ref>Akerman, P. (1989). ''Encyclopaedia of British submarines 1901&ndash;1955''.&nbsp;p.150. Maritime Books. {{ISBN|1-904381-05-7}}</ref>
* Following its evacuation from [[Gallipoli]], the [[Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient|French Expeditionary Force of the Orient]] was absorbed into the larger [[Armée d'Orient (1915–19)|Army of the Orient]] based in the Greek port of [[Thessaloniki|Salonika]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moore |first=Antoni |last2=Drecki |first2=Igor |title=Geospatial Visualisation |year=2013 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=9783642122897|page=34}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Herbert Choy]], American judge, first Asian-American to serve as a federal judge, senior judge for [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]] from 1971 to 1984, in [[Kaumakani, Hawaii]] (d. [[2004]]); [[Al Hostak]], American boxer, held the world middleweight title from 1938 to 1940, in [[Minneapolis]] (d. [[2006]]); [[Phil Masi]], American baseball player, catcher for the [[History of the Boston Braves|Boston Braves]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] and [[Chicago White Sox]] from 1939 to 1952, in [[Chicago]] (d. [[1990]])
* '''Died:''' [[Joseph Maurice Pambet]], French army officer, commander of the French [[22nd Infantry Division (France)|22nd Infantry Division]] that was involved in most of the first major battles of [[World War I]] on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] including the [[First Battle of the Marne]] (killed in a car accident) (b. [[1854]])

==January 7, 1916 (Friday) ==
* [[Battle of Mojkovac]] &ndash; The Austro-Hungarians retreated after a second failed attack on [[Mojkovac]], with heavy casualties on both sides. The Montenegrin force held the line for another 11 days before retreating.<ref>Djilas 1958, p. 161</ref><ref>Vucinich 1974, 313-314</ref>
* [[Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad]] &ndash; With extra cavalry and artillery units sent by [[Lieutenant general|Lieutenant General]] [[Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet|Fenton Aylmer]], British forces under [[Major general|Major General]] [[George Younghusband]] renewed attacks on [[Sixth Army (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman Sixth Army]] positions. A combination of heavy fog and little cover from enemy slowed the advance but allowed the British to force Ottoman forces to pull back.<ref>Candler 1919, pp. 46-49</ref>
* [[Royal Air Force]] [[No. 34 Squadron RAF|No. 34 Squadron]] was established from elements of [[No. 19 Squadron RAF|No. 19]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jefford|first1=C.G.|title=RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912|date=2001|publisher=Airlife Publishing|location=Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK|isbn=1-84037-141-2|page=39}}</ref>
* The [[University of Oregon]] fight song "[[Mighty Oregon]]" was first performed by the Eugene Municipal Band in [[Eugene, Oregon]]. The song has a similar tune to the popular hit "[[It's a Long Way to Tipperary]]".<ref>{{cite news|title='Mighty Oregon' sings of the past| url=http://dailyemerald.com/2006/11/12/mighty-oregon-sings-of-the-past/|work=[[Daily Emerald]]|date=November 12, 2006|access-date=January 18, 2013}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Elena Ceaușescu]], Romanian politician, Deputy Prime Minister and [[First Lady of Romania]], wife of Romanian president [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], in [[Petrești, Dâmbovița]], [[Romania]] (d. [[1989]], executed); [[Paul Keres]], Estonian chess player, considered the best chess player never to win a world champions, four-time runner-up at the [[Candidates Tournament]], in [[Narva]], [[Estonia]] (then part of the [[Russian Empire]]) (d. [[1975]])
* '''Born:''' [[Teresio Olivelli]], Italian soldier and resistance fighter, member of the [[Italian resistance movement]] during [[World War II]], in [[Como]], [[Italy]] (d. [[1944]], killed in prison); [[Togo Tanaka]], American journalist, reported on camp conditions while part of the [[internment of Japanese Americans]] during [[World War II]], in [[Portland, Oregon]] (d. [[2009]])

==January 8, 1916 (Saturday) ==
* [[Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad]] &ndash; The British successfully captured [[Al-Shaykh Saad|Sheikh Sa'ad]] in the [[Mesopotamia]] at a cost of 4,400 casualties (with reports of a similar amount for the [[Ottoman Empire]]).<ref>Sir John Nixon, Dispatch to War Office 16 January 1916, [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29576/supplements/4660|London Gazette, Issue number: 29576, p.4660]</ref>
* [[Russian battleship Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya|Russian battleship ''Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya'']] [[Action of 8 January 1916|exchanged fire]] with the Ottoman battlecruiser ''[[SMS Goeben|Yavuz Sultan Selim]]'' in the [[Black Sea]]. While the action was minor, it proved the Russian navy now had control of the [[Black Sea]] and forced the Ottoman Navy to focus on defending the [[Dardanelles]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Tucker| first = Spencer C.| title = World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection| publisher = ABC-CLIO| volume = I| edition = illustrated, revised| date = 28 October 2014| pages = 264–265| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DBwTBQAAQBAJ| isbn = 9781851099658}}</ref>
* [[St. Louis]] gangster [[William "Skippy" Rohan]] of the [[Egan's Rats]] was gunned down just after midnight in a saloon by gang member [[Harry "Cherries" Dunn]] following a heated exchange in which one accused the other of "snitching" to the St. Louis police department. Dunn's shooting of Rohan severed all ties with the Egan's Rats and marked him for death, leading to Dunn's murder nine months later.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kenzimmermanjr.com/skippy-rohan-killed/ |title=Skippy Rohan Killed |access-date=2017-01-11 |archive-date=2016-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806213055/http://kenzimmermanjr.com/skippy-rohan-killed/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Waugh, Daniel|title=Egan's Rats: The Untold Story of the Gang that ruled Prohibition-era St. Louis|location=[[Nashville, Tennessee]]|publisher=Cumberland House|date=2007}}</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] battle cruiser [[HMS Repulse (1916)|HMS ''Repulse'']] was launched by [[John Brown & Company]] in [[Clydebank]], [[Scotland]]. It would see action at the [[Second Battle of Heligoland Bight]] in 1917.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burt|first=R. A.|title=British Battleships of World War One|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1986|isbn=0-87021-863-8|page=302}}</ref> 
* The [[Coliseum Theater (Seattle)|Coliseum Theater]] opened in [[Seattle]] as the city's first movie theatre, and was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1975.<ref>{{cite web |last=Flom |first=Eric L. |date=July 12, 2000 |title=Coliseum opens in Seattle on January 8, 1916. |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=2538 |work=[[HistoryLink]] |access-date=May 2, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{NRISref|2009a|dateform=MDY}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[John Davies (British businessman)|John Davies]], British business executive and politician, first Director of the [[Confederation of British Industry]], first [[Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy|Secretary of State for Trade and Industry]], in [[Blackheath, London]], [[England]] (d. [[1979]])
* '''Died:''' [[Eugene W. Hilgard]], German-American agriculturalist, credited as the father of modern [[soil science]]s (b. [[1833]]); [[Ada Rehan]], Irish-American stage actress, one of the "Big Four" stage leads for [[Madison Square Theatre|Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre]] on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] (b. [[1857]]); [[Samuel Way]], Australian judge, Chief Justice of the [[Supreme Court of South Australia]] from 1876 to 1916 (b. [[1836]])

==January 9, 1916 (Sunday) ==
[[File:W Beach Helles Gallipoli.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|200px|[[Landing at Cape Helles|W Beach, Helles]], on 7 January 1916 just prior to the final evacuation]]
* [[Gallipoli campaign]] &ndash; The last [[British Empire|British]] troops evacuated from [[Gallipoli]], as the [[Ottoman Empire]] prevailed over a joint British and French operation to capture [[Constantinople]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Broadbent |first= Harvey |year=2005 |title=Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore |publisher=Viking/Penguin |location= Camberwell, Victoria |isbn= 0-670-04085-1|page=266}}</ref>
* The [[association football]] club [[Cachoeiro Futebol Clube|Cachoeiro]] was established in [[Cachoeiro de Itapemirim]], [[Brazil]].<ref>Rodrigues 2009, p. 46</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Vic Mizzy]], American TV theme composer, best known for his themes for ''[[Green Acres]]'' and ''[[The Addams Family (1964 TV series)|The Addams Family]]'', in [[New York City]] (d. [[2009]]); [[Ernie Schroeder]], American comic book artist, best known for his work on ''[[Airboy]]'' and ''[[Spirit of '76 (Harvey Comics)|Spirit of '76]]'', in [[New York City]] (d. [[2006]]); [[Peter Twinn]], English mathematician and code-breaker, one of the intelligence team to crack the [[Enigma machine]] code during [[World War II]], in [[Streatham]], [[London]], [[England]] (d. [[2004]])
* '''Died:''' [[Edward Levy-Lawson, 1st Baron Burnham|Edward Levy-Lawson]], British publisher, founder of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (b. [[1833]])

==January 10, 1916 (Monday) ==
* [[Erzurum Offensive]] &ndash; The [[Russian Empire]] launched a major assault on the [[Erzurum Province]] in eastern [[Turkey]] within the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Walton   | first = Robert   | title =The Fall of Erzerum. Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War I, vol iv  | publisher = Marshall Cavendish Corporation  | year =1984  | location =New York  | page = 1984  | isbn = 0-86307-181-3}}</ref>
* [[Montenegrin campaign]] &ndash; Austro-Hungarian forces captured the city of [[Berane]], [[Montenegro]].<ref>Roberts 2005, p. 312</ref>
* The operetta ''[[Szibill]]'', starring [[Julia Sanderson]], [[Donald Brian]] and [[Joseph Cawthorn]], made its American premiere at the [[Liberty Theatre]] in [[New York City]] and ran for 168 performances.<ref>{{cite book| author = Kurt Gänzl| author2 = Andrew Lamb| title = Gänzl's book of the musical theatre| year = 1989| publisher = Macmillan Reference USA| isbn = 0-02-871941-7| page = [https://archive.org/details/ganzlsbookofmus00ganz/page/1036 1036]| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/ganzlsbookofmus00ganz/page/1036}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Sune Bergström]], Swedish biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his research into [[prostaglandin]]s, in [[Stockholm]] (d. [[2004]]); [[William Buchan, 3rd Baron Tweedsmuir|William Buchan]], British poet, author of ''Personal Poems'', ''Kumari,'' and ''The Rags Of Time'' (d. [[2008 in poetry|2008]])
* '''Died:''' [[Tadeusz Ajdukiewicz]], Polish painter, known for realist paintings including events from the [[January Uprising]] in 1863, member of the [[1st Brigade, Polish Legions]], killed in action at [[Kraków]] (b. [[1852]]); [[Guido Baccelli]], Italian physician, co-founder of [[Policlinico Umberto I]], the second-largest hospital in [[Italy]] (b. [[1830]])

==January 11, 1916 (Tuesday) ==
* [[Montenegrin campaign]] &ndash; [[Austria-Hungary]] captured the mountain of [[Lovćen]] in [[Montenegro]], which had been the country's key artillery base for defending its border.<ref>Roberts 2005, p. 312</ref>
* The minority government under Prime Minister [[Hubert Loutsch]] for [[Luxembourg]] dissolved after succumbing to a [[motion of no confidence|vote of no confidence]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Thewes | first=Guy | title=Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 | url=http://www.gouvernement.lu/publications/download/gouvernements_1848_2.pdf | access-date=2006-07-14 | edition=Édition limitée |date=July 2003 | publisher=Service Information et Presse | location=Luxembourg City | isbn=2-87999-118-8 |language=fr|page=66}}</ref>
* Mexican militia reportedly with [[Pancho Villa]] forced sixteen American employees of the [[ASARCO|American Smelting and Refining Company]] from a train near [[Santa Isabel, Chihuahua]], and summarily stripped and executed them.<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Friedrich Katz |last=Katz |first=Friedrich |title=Pancho Villa and the Attack on Columbus, New Mexico |journal=[[American Historical Review]] |volume=83 |number=1 |year=1978|pages=101–130 |doi=10.2307/1865904|jstor=1865904 }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Jimmy Quillen]], American politician, U.S. Representative from [[Tennessee]] from 1963 to 1997, in [[Scott County, Virginia]] (d. [[2003]])

==January 12, 1916 (Wednesday) ==
[[File:Blue Max.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Pour le Mérite|Blue Max]], German military decoration]]
* [[Montenegrin campaign]] &ndash; With the imminent loss of Montenegrin capital of [[Cetinje]], as well as the cities of [[Peć]] and [[Berane]], [[Nicholas I of Montenegro|King Nicholas]] was persuaded to begin surrender negotiations with [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref>Pavlovic, Srdja (2008) ''Balkan Anschluss: the annexation of Montenegro and the creation of the common South Slavic state'' Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4LPfuwer21EC&pg=PA77 page 77], {{ISBN|978-1-55753-465-1}}</ref>
* German flying aces [[Max Immelmann]] and [[Oswald Boelcke]], each with eight kills, were the first pilots awarded the ''[[Pour le Mérite|Blue Max]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Franks|first1=Norman|last2=Bailey|first2=Frank W.|last3=Guest|first3=Russell|title=Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918|url=https://archive.org/details/abovelines00fran|url-access=limited|date=1993|publisher=Grub Street|isbn=978-0-948817-73-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/abovelines00fran/page/n84 134]–35}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=van Wyngarden|first1=G.|title=Early German Aces of World War I|date=2006|publisher=Osprey Publishing Ltd.|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=1-84176-997-5|page=30}}</ref>
* [[Royal Air Force]] [[No. 32 Squadron RAF|No. 32]] and [[No. 33 Squadron RAF|No. 33 Squadrons]] were established.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rawlings|first1=J.D.R.|title=History of No. 32 Squadron|journal=Air Pictorial|date=September 1970|volume=33|issue=11|page=424}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rawlings|first1=J.D.R.|title=History of No. 33 Squadron|journal=Air Pictorial|date=November 1971|volume=32|issue=9| page=327}}</ref>
* The [[Ise Electric Railway]] extended the [[Nagoya Line (Kintetsu)|Nagoya Line]] in the [[Mie Prefecture]], [[Japan]], with station [[Chiyozaki Station|Chiyozaki]] serving the line.<ref>{{cite book | last = Terada | first = Hirokazu |title = データブック日本の私鉄 |trans-title=Databook: Japan's Private Railways | publisher = Neko Publishing | date = July 2002 | location = Japan| isbn = 4-87366-874-3}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[P. W. Botha]], South African state leader, last [[Prime Minister of South Africa]] from 1978 to 1984 and first [[State President of South Africa]] from 1984 to 1989, in [[Paul Roux]], [[South Africa]] (d. [[2006]]); [[Ruth R. Benerito]], American chemist, patented many fabrics for the textile industry including [[wrinkle-resistant fabric]], in [[New Orleans]] (d. [[2013]]); [[Mary Wilson, Baroness Wilson of Rievaulx|Mary Wilson]], English poet, known for ''Selected Poems'' and ''New Poems'' anthologies, wife to British Prime Minister [[Harold Wilson]], in [[Diss, Norfolk|Diss]], [[Norfolk]], [[England]] (d. [[2018]])
* '''Died:''' [[Georgios Theotokis]], Greek state leader, held the position of [[Prime Minister of Greece]] four times (b. [[1844]])

==January 13, 1916 (Thursday) ==
[[File:Victoriano Huerta.(cropped).jpg|thumb|175px|[[Victoriano Huerta]], former [[President of Mexico]]]]
* [[Battle of Wadi (1916)|Battle of Wadi]] &ndash; A British force of 19,000 men under command of [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet|Fenton Aylmer]] attacked an Ottoman defensive force of 22,500 along the [[Wadi]] River in what is now modern-day [[Iraq]], but a cost of 1,600 men compared to the 527 lost on the Ottoman side. The battle only further weakened British attempts to relieve beleaguered forces under command of General [[Charles Townshend (British Army officer)|Charles Townshend]] in [[Kut]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/wadi.htm |title=Battles: The Battle of the Wadi, 1916|date= 27 February 2002|access-date=15 September 2008}}</ref>
* [[Montenegrin campaign]] &ndash; An Austrian force entered the Montenegrin capital of [[Cetinje]].<ref>Pavlovic 2008, p. 77</ref>
* [[Battle of Koprukoy]] &ndash; A Russian force of 75,000 men under command of [[Nikolai Yudenich]] clashed with members of the [[Third Army (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman Third Army]] under command of [[Abdul Kerim Pasha]] during the [[Erzurum Offensive]].<ref>W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields, A History of Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828-1921, 337. {{ISBN|0-89839-296-9}}</ref><ref>Vetluga Memoir: Turkish Prisoner of War in Russia, 1916-18 MA Olcen</ref> 
* [[Senussi campaign]] &ndash; An [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] desert column arrived at [[Senussi]] camp spotted by air southeast of [[Matrouh Governorate|Matruh]] in [[North Africa]], only to find the camp deserted. Despite the lack of findings, a needed telegraph line was repaired before the column returned to base.{{sfn|Macmunn|Falls|1996|pp=118–120}}
* The field artillery [[XX Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.)|XX Brigade]] was established for service in the [[Sinai and Palestine campaign]].<ref>{{cite book  | last = Becke | first = Major A.F. | year = 1936  | title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56) | publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office  | location = London  | isbn = 1-871167-12-4 | page=113}}</ref>
* The Curtiss Aeroplane Company, Curtiss Motor Company, and two other aircraft manufactures merged to form the [[Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company]].<ref>Angelucci, Enzo, ''The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present'', New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 108</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Victoriano Huerta]], Mexican army officer and state leader, 35th [[President of Mexico]] (b. [[1854]])

==January 14, 1916 (Friday) ==
* [[Flood of 1916|Storm flooding]] caused dikes to burst at [[Zuiderzee]], [[Netherlands]], killing 19 people. Ships caught out at sea also resulted in a further 32 casualties.<ref>{{cite news|title=High Tide Menaces All North Holland|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/01/15/104663348.pdf|access-date=14 January 2017|work=New York Times|issue=January 15, 1916|date=January 14, 1916}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Waters Higher In Holland|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/01/17/100185248.pdf|access-date=14 January 2017|work=New York Times|issue=January 17, 1916|date=January 16, 1916}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Koprukoy]] &ndash; Russian forces began to repel counterattacks made by the [[Third Army (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman Third Army]].<ref>Allen & Muratoff, p. 342</ref> 
* Irish revolutionary leader [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)|Michael Collins]] resigned his job in [[London]] and returned to Ireland.<ref>Mackay, James (1998). Michael Collins, A Life (1998 Reprint of 1997 ed.). Mainstream Publishing. {{ISBN|1-85158-949-X}}. p. 44.</ref>
* In response to high losses German [[Fokker Eindecker fighters]] were inflicting on [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] [[reconnaissance aircraft]] flying over the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], Royal Flying Corps Headquarters ordered that reconnaissance planes have an escort of at least three fighters flying in close formation with them, and that a reconnaissance aircraft must abort its flight if even one of the three fighters becomes detached from the formation for any reason.<ref>Franks, Norman, ''Aircraft vs. Aircraft: The Illustrated Story of Fighter Pilot Combat From 1914 to the Present Day'', London: Grub Street, 1998, {{ISBN|1-902304-04-7}}, p. 20.</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Leonard Siffleet]], Australian commando, member of the [[Services Reconnaissance Department]] in [[Papua New Guinea]] during [[World War II]], in [[Gunnedah]], [[Australia]] (d. [[1943]], executed)

==January 15, 1916 (Saturday) ==
* [[Battle of Koprukoy]] &ndash; [[Russia]] broke through the Ottoman defense line.<ref>Allen & Muratoff, p. 341</ref> 
* A [[Bergen fire of 1916|massive fire]] destroyed much of downtown [[Bergen]], [[Norway]] over a 10-hour period. Altogether, 380 buildings were burned down and 2,700 people were left homeless.<ref>Dahl, Willy. 2000. ''Fortellingen om Bergen''. Bergen: Eide, p. 253.</ref>
* An explosion on [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] submarine [[USS E-2 (SS-25)|USS ''E-2'']] in the [[Brooklyn Navy Yard]] killed four servicemen.<ref>{{cite web|title=E-2|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/e/e-2.html|publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command | access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref>
* The [[Bay Ridge Avenue station|Bay Ridge Avenue]], [[77th Street station (BMT Fourth Avenue Line)|77th Street]], and [[86th Street station (BMT Fourth Avenue Line)|86th Street]] subway stations opened along the [[BMT Fourth Avenue Line]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Subway Running To Eighty-Sixth Street Starts Building Boom In Bay Ridge| url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/55570240| via=[[Newspapers.com]]| work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]| access-date=29 June 2015| date=January 15, 1916}}</ref>
* The American anarchist publication ''[[The Blast (magazine)|The Blast]]'' released its first issue and would run for just over one year.<ref>Alexander Berkman (ed.), ''The Blast: Complete Collection of the Incendiary San Francisco Bi-Monthly Anarchist Newspaper.'' Edinburgh, Scotland and Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2005; pp. 9-16.</ref>
* The Austrian operetta ''[[Das Dreimäderlhaus|House of the Three Girls]]'' by [[Franz Schubert]] premiered at the [[Raimund Theater]] in [[Vienna]] and would run for 650 performances. Following the end of the [[World War I]], the operetta was adapted in French and English.<ref name=Clive>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gBNGk5cKwcUC&dq=%22das+dreim%C3%A4derlhaus%22+berte&pg=PA14 Clive, Peter. ''Schubert and His World: A Biographical Dictionary'', p. 14]</ref>
* Norwegian sports club [[Tiller IL|Tiller]] was established in [[Trondheim]], [[Norway]] and offered [[association football]], [[team handball]], [[ice hockey]], [[Nordic skiing]] and [[biathlon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tiller.idrett.no/lov.php|title=Lov for TILLER IDRETTSLAG  |publisher=Tiller IL|language=no|access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Maurice Bavaud]], Swiss theologian, attempted to assassinate [[Adolf Hitler]] in 1938 (d. [[1941]], executed); [[Hugh Gibb]], English musician, patriarch of the Gibb family of musicians including [[Barry Gibb|Barry]], [[Robin Gibb|Robin]], [[Maurice Gibb|Maurice]] and [[Andy Gibb]], in [[Chorlton-cum-Hardy|Chorlton]], [[Manchester]], [[England]] (d. [[1992]]); 
* '''Born:''' [[Ron Guthrey]], New Zealand politician, 40th Mayor of [[Christchurch]], in [[Rawene]], [[New Zealand]] (d. [[2008]]); [[Alexandru Robot]], Romanian poet, leading promoter of [[modernism]] and [[avant-garde]] poetry in Eastern Europe, in [[Bucharest]] (disappeared in [[1941]])

==January 16, 1916 (Sunday) ==
[[File:SMS Möve.jpg|thumb|250px|{{SMS|Möwe|1914|6}}, photo taken from SS ''Appam'' in January 1916.]]
* [[Battle of Koprukoy]] &ndash; Ottoman forces begin their retreat to their fortress near [[Erzurum]], [[Turkey]].<ref>Allen & Muratoff, pp. 341-342</ref> 
* German auxiliary cruiser {{SMS|Möwe|1914|6}}, disguised as a merchant ship, [[Action of 16 January 1916|attacked and captured]] a British steamer south of the island of [[Madeira]] in the [[Atlantic Ocean]], killing 18 sailors, wounded five more, and took the ship's command and survivors prisoner before scuttling the ship.<ref>{{cite web|title=SeaGull Officer's Story of The Famous Sea Raider| url=http://smsmoewe.com/smsmfors.htm|website=Count Dohna and His SeaGull|access-date=23 December 2016}}</ref>
* American actress [[Billie Burke]] made her screen debut in the film comedy ''[[Peggy (1916 film)|Peggy]]'', directed by [[Thomas H. Ince]].<ref>[http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/P/Peggy1916.html ''Peggy'' at silentera.com]</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Arnold Aletrino]], Dutch physician, pioneer researcher into [[homosexuality]] and the theory it was a natural-occurring sexual orientation (b. [[1858]]); [[Juana María Condesa Lluch]], Spanish nun, established the Handmaids of Mary Immaculate order in [[Valencia]], [[Spain]], beatified by [[Pope John Paul II]] in 2003 (b. [[1862]])

==January 17, 1916 (Monday) ==
* [[Manuel Estrada Cabrera]] was re-elected for a third term as [[President of Guatemala]] after running unopposed in the [[1916 Guatemalan presidential election|presidential election]].<ref>Calvert, Peter (1985) ''Guatemala : a nation in turmoil'' Boulder: Westview Pres p69</ref><ref>Information Annual, 1916: A Continuous Cyclopedia and Digest of Current Events. 1917, p297</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Charles F. Hockett]], American linguist, leading researcher in language [[structuralism]], in [[Columbus, Ohio]] (d. [[2000]]); [[Edmund Morgan (historian)|Edmund Morgan]], American historian, leading expert on American colonial history, in [[Minneapolis]] (d. [[2013]])
* '''Died:''' [[Marie Bracquemond]], French artist, referred to as "les trois grandes dames" or "the three great women" of [[Impressionism]] (b. [[1841]])

==January 18, 1916 (Tuesday) ==
* [[Montenegrin campaign]] &ndash; The Montenegrin army pulled back from the line between [[Berane]] and [[Mojkovac]] allowing [[Austria-Hungary]] to resume advancing south towards [[Albania]].<ref>Mitrović, Andrej (2007) ''Serbia's great war, 1914-1918'' Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana, [https://books.google.com/books?id=CI5Wm8771EYC&pg=PA155 page 155], {{ISBN|978-1-55753-476-7}}</ref>
* The world's first practical all-metal aircraft, the [[Junkers J 1]], flew for the first time.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grosz|first1=Peter|last2=Terry|first2=Gerard|title=The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter|journal=Air Enthusiast|date=1984|issue=25|pages=60–63|publisher=Pilot Press|issn=0143-5450}}</ref>
* Scottish polar vessel ''[[Scotia (barque)|Scotia]]'' (originally the Norwegian whaler ship ''Hekla''), best known for being used for exploration by the [[Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]], caught fire and sank off the coast of Wales, with all crew rescued.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lardex.net/andersmarcussen/skipstekst/1900hekla.htm |title=1900 Seil/DS HEKLA (048190001) |publisher=Lardex |language=no |access-date=17 July 2015 |archive-date=3 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803064533/http://www.lardex.net/andersmarcussen/skipstekst/1900hekla.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Silviu Brucan]], Romanian author and politician, one of the authors of the ''[[Letter of the Six]]'' that led to the overthrow of the [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] regime, in [[Bucharest]] (d. [[2006]]); [[James F. Crow]], American geneticist, leading researcher on the [[paternal age effect]] on [[DNA]], in [[Phoenixville, Pennsylvania]] (d. [[2012]])
* '''Died:''' [[Lorenzo Latorre]], Uruguayan state leader, 26th [[President of Uruguay]] (b. [[1844]])

==January 19, 1916 (Wednesday) ==
* [[Battle of Koprukoy]] &ndash; Ottoman forces regrouped at the [[Erzurum]] fortress [[Turkey]], losing 20,000 out of the 65,000 men they started with while the Russian force lost 12,000 out of 75,000 men.<ref>Allen & Muratoff, pp. 341-342</ref> 
* [[Montenegrin campaign]] &ndash; [[Nicholas I of Montenegro|King Nicholas]] of [[Montenegro]] fled to [[Italy]].<ref>Pavlovic 2008, p. 78</ref>
* [[Senussi campaign]] &ndash; The main [[Senussi]] camp that eluded Allied scouts was finally located by air reconnaissance {{convert|22|mi|km|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Matrouh Governorate|Matruh]] in [[North Africa]].{{sfn|Macmunn|Falls|1996|pp=120–122}}
* '''Born:''' [[Harry Huskey]], American computer engineer, designer of the [[SWAC (computer)|SWAC]] and [[Bendix G-15|Bendix]] computers, in the [[Great Smoky Mountains]], [[North Carolina]] (d. 2017); [[Brion Gysin]], English artist, best known for his collaborations with writer [[William S. Burroughs]], inventor of the [[Dreamachine]], in [[Taplow]], [[England]] (d. [[1986]])
* '''Died:''' [[Isaac S. Catlin]], American army officer, recipient of the [[Medal of Honor]] for action at the [[Battle of the Crater]] during the [[American Civil War]] (b. [[1835]])

==January 20, 1916 (Thursday) ==
* [[Ivan Goremykin]] was dismissed from his position as [[Prime Minister of Russia]] and [[Boris Shturmer]] was appointed by [[Tsar Nicholas II]] to replace him.<ref>Douglas Smith, ''Rasputin: Faith, Power, and the Twilight of the Romanovs'' (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016) p. 518</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Ephraim Francis Baldwin]], American architect, best known for designing the train stations for the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] and for many Catholic churches including [[Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (Savannah, Georgia)|Cathedral of St. John the Baptist]] in [[Savannah, Georgia]] and [[St. Leo's Church (Baltimore, Maryland)|St. Leo's Church]] in [[Baltimore]] (b. [[1837]]); [[Nedeljko Čabrinović]], Serbian revolutionary, one of the conspirators involved in the [[assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand]], died in prison (b. [[1895]])

==January 21, 1916 (Friday) ==
* [[Battle of Hanna]] &ndash; A British force of around 10,000 men under command of [[Lieutenant general|Lieutenant General]] [[Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet|Fenton Aylmer]] attacked the Ottoman line defended by an estimated 30,000 soldiers along the [[Tigris]], and lost 2,741 men compared to the 503 casualties on the Ottoman side. The defeat left British forces defending [[Kut]] completely vulnerable.<ref>Tucker, Spencer and Roberts, Priscilla Mary. ''World War I: encyclopedia''. ABC-CLIO, 2005. {{ISBN|978-1-85109-420-2}}. p. 1048</ref>
* The German air squadron ''[[Jagdstaffel 5]]'' was established as the first dedicated fighting squadron for the Imperial German Flying Corps although it would not be mobilized until August 21.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta5.php |title=Jasta 5 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |access-date=16 December 2015}}</ref> 
* The [[British Army]] cavalry units [[I Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.)|I]]  and [[II Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.)|II Brigades]]<ref>{{cite book  | last = James | first = Brigadier E.A. | year = 1978 | title = British Regiments 1914–18  | publisher = Samson Books Limited  | location = London  | isbn = 0-906304-03-2 | page=449}}</ref> were dissolved with the [[2nd Mounted Division]] following their completion of service at the [[Gallipoli campaign]].<ref>{{cite book  | last = Becke | first = Major A.F. | year = 1936  | title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56) | publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office  | location = London  | isbn = 1-871167-12-4 | page=16}}</ref> 
* '''Died:''' [[Louis H. Carpenter]], American army officer, commander during the [[Battle of Gettysburg]] and the [[American Indian Wars]], recipient of the [[Medal of Honor]] (b. [[1839]])

==January 22, 1916 (Saturday) ==
* [[Senussi campaign]] &ndash; A desert column with the [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] [[Western Frontier Force]] prepared to assault the main [[Senussi]] in [[North Africa]].{{sfn|Macmunn|Falls|1996|pp=120–122}}
* '''Born:''' [[Bill Durnan]], Canadian hockey player, goaltender for the [[Montreal Canadiens]], two-time winner of the [[Stanley Cup]], in [[Toronto]] (d. [[1972 in Canada|1972]]); [[Riza Lushta]], Albanian [[association football]] player, played [[forward (association football)|centre forward]] for various clubs from 1934 to 1953 including [[SK Tirana|Tirana]] and [[Juventus FC|Juventus]], in [[Mitrovica, Kosovo|Mitrovica]], [[Kingdom of Serbia]] (now part of [[Kosovo]]) (d. [[1997]])
* '''Born:'''   [[Henri Dutilleux]], French composer, known for his compositions ''[[Tout un monde lointain...]]'' and ''[[L'arbre des songes]]'', in [[Angers]], [[France]] (d. [[2013]]); [[Stephen C. O'Connell]], American lawyer and academic, 6th President of the [[University of Florida]], in [[West Palm Beach, Florida]] (d. [[2001]])

==January 23, 1916 (Sunday) ==
* [[Senussi campaign]] &ndash; Troops with the [[Western Frontier Force]] attacked the [[Senussi]] but were soon outflanked, forcing defensive maneuvers that allowed the main body of [[Senussi]] to escape. British casualties were {{nowrap|21 killed}} and {{nowrap|291 wounded}} while captured [[Senussi]] estimated {{nowrap|200 killed}} and {{nowrap|500 wounded}} on their side.{{sfn|Macmunn|Falls|1996|pp=123–123}}
* '''Born:''' [[David Douglas Duncan]], American war photojournalist, covered the [[Battle of Okinawa]] and Japanese surrender on the [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|USS ''Missouri'']], in [[Kansas City, Missouri]] (d. 2018); [[Daphne Lorraine Gum]], Australian healthcare worker, pioneer in treatment and care of children with [[cerebral palsy]], in [[Pinnaroo, South Australia]] (d. 2017)
* '''Born:''' [[Paul B. Johnson Jr.]], American politician, 54th [[List of governors of Mississippi|Governor of Mississippi]], son of [[Paul B. Johnson Sr.]], in [[Hattiesburg, Mississippi]] (d. [[1985]]); [[Airey Neave]], British politician, [[Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland]] from 1974 to 1979, in [[Knightsbridge]], [[London]], [[England]] (d. [[1979]], assassinated)
* '''Died:''' [[Isa Boletini]], Albanian partisan, one of the leaders of the [[Albanian revolt of 1910|Albanian Revolt]], killed by Montenegrin forces (b. [[1864]])

==January 24, 1916 (Monday) ==
* Vice Admiral [[Reinhard Scheer]] was appointed commander of Germany's [[High Seas Fleet]] after [[Hugo von Pohl]] proved too ill to continue command.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sweetman|first=Jack|title=The Great Admirals: Command at Sea, 1587-1945|year=1997|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-0-87021-229-1|page=394}}</ref>
* [[Senussi campaign]] &ndash; Air reconnaissance located the new [[Senussi]] camp but [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] forces stood down for rest and waited for the wet weather to improve before moving.{{sfn|Macmunn|Falls|1996|pp=123–123}}
* In [[Browning, Montana]], the temperature dropped from +{{convert|6.7|to|-48.8|C|F}} in one day, the greatest change ever on record for a 24-hour period.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/tfx/tx.php?wfo=tfx&type=html&loc=text&fx=topweather| title = Top Ten Montana Weather Events of the 20th Century | work =National Weather Service Unveils Montana's Top Ten Weather/Water/Climate Events of the 20th Century  | publisher = National Weather Service | access-date = 2015-06-01}}</ref>
* The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] upheld the national [[income tax]] in the decision concerning ''[[Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.]]''.<ref>''Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.'', 240 U.S. 1, at 24 (1916)</ref>
* The Persian-language magazine ''[[Kaveh (magazine)|Kaveh]]'', named after the [[Kāve|Persian mythical hero]], began publication out of the Federal Foreign Office in [[Berlin]].<ref>cf. Epkenhans, Tim (2000): Die iranische Moderne im Exil. Bibliographie der Zeitschrift Kāve, Klaus Schwarz Verlag:Berlin</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Rafael Caldera]], Venezuelan state leader, 56th and 63rd [[President of Venezuela]] from 1969 to 1974 and 1994 to 1999 respectively, in [[San Felipe, Yaracuy]], [[Venezuela]] (d. [[2009]]); [[Jack Brickhouse]], American sportscaster, best known for his [[play-by-play]] coverage of [[Chicago Cubs]] games on [[WGN-TV]] from 1948 to 1981, in [[Peoria, Illinois]] (d. [[1998]]); [[Walter A. Haas Jr.]], American business executive, chairman and CEO of [[Levi Strauss & Co.]] from 1958 to 1981, in [[San Francisco]] (d. [[1995]])
* '''Born:''' [[Gene Mako]], Hungarian-American tennis player, five-time Grand Slam doubles champion in the 1930s, in [[Budapest]] (d. [[2013]]); [[Sudirman]], Indonesian army officer, first commander of the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]], in [[Purbalingga Regency]], [[Dutch East Indies]] (d. [[1950]])

==January 25, 1916 (Tuesday) ==
* [[Montenegrin campaign]] &ndash; [[Montenegro]] formally surrendered to [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref>Pavlovic 2008, pp. 79-80</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Pop Ivy]], American football coach, noted for being the only coach to serve in both the [[National Football League]] and [[American Football League]], including the [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|St. Louis Cardinals]], [[History of the Houston Oilers|Houston Oilers]], and [[New York Giants]], in [[Skiatook, Oklahoma]] (d. [[2003]])

==January 26, 1916 (Wednesday) ==
* [[Ross Sea party]] &ndash; The sledging party of the second arm of the [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] reached [[Mount Hope (Ross Dependency)|Mount Hope]] near the [[Beardmore Glacier]] to lay down a depot for the first arm of the expedition that was expected to reach the location in the coming weeks, even though the actual party was marooned on drifting ice in the [[Weddell Sea]]. One of the sledging party, [[Arnold Spencer-Smith]], had taken ill during the trek and was left in a tent along the route while the party completed their mission.<ref>Tyler-Lewis 2007, p. 171</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Eli Waldron]], American writer, best known for short fiction and non-fiction including "The Beekeeper" and "The Death of Hank Williams", in [[Oconto Falls, Wisconsin]] (d. [[1980]], killed in a car accident)

==January 27, 1916 (Thursday) ==
* The British government passed [[Military Service Act 1916|legislation]] that introduced [[conscription]] in [[Great Britain]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Francis Ley]], British industrialist and sports executive, founder of [[Vulcan Iron Works]] in [[Derby]] and the [[Derby County Baseball Club]] (b. [[1846]])

==January 28, 1916 (Friday) ==
* Women were given the [[women's suffrage in Canada|right to vote]] in [[Manitoba]], the first Canadian province to do so.<ref>{{cite web |author=Susan Jackel |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/womens-suffrage |title=Women's Suffrage |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=2014-12-02 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016084447/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/womens-suffrage/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The opera ''[[Goyescas (opera)|Goyescas]]'' by [[Enrique Granados]] premiered at the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in [[New York City]], the first Spanish opera ever to be performed there.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/enrique-granados Enrique Granados. "Enrique Granados." Biographies. Answers Corporation, 2006.]</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Dottie Hunter]], Canadian baseball player, played first base for the [[All-American Girls Professional Baseball League]], in [[Winnipeg]] (d. [[2005]]); [[Dale Alford]], American politician, U.S. Representative from [[Arkansas]] from 1959 to 1963, in New Hope, [[Pike County, Arkansas]] (d. [[2000]])

==January 29, 1916 (Saturday) ==
[[File:Mackintosh and Spencer-Smith.jpg|thumb|250px|Sick members of the [[Ross Sea party]] are pulled along on a sledge during the return trip from [[Mount Hope (Ross Dependency)|Mount Hope]] in [[Antarctica]].]]
* [[Erzurum Offensive]] &ndash; Ottoman General [[Mahmud Kâmil Pasha]], command of the [[Third Army (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman Third Army]], arrived from [[Istanbul]] after learning the Russians had successfully broken through the Ottoman defense line in the [[Erzurum Province]] and began making new defense plans against the offensive.<ref>Allen & Muratoff, pp. 351</ref> 
* [[Ross Sea party]] &ndash; The sledging party of the second arm of the [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] picked up ailing [[Arnold Spencer-Smith]] on their return from [[Mount Hope (Ross Dependency)|Mount Hope]], who was now too weak to walk and had to be carried in a sledge. Expedition leader [[Aeneas Mackintosh]] also became too weak to pull and later had to be carried by sledge.<ref>Tyler-Lewis 2007, p. 178</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Bill Lawrence (news personality)|Bill Lawrence]], American journalist, [[White House Correspondents' Association|White House correspondent]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' during the 1950s and political affairs editor for [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] during the 1960s, recipient of the 1965 [[Peabody Award]] and 1972 [[Emmy Award]] in [[Lincoln, Nebraska]] (d. [[1972]]); [[Harry Peulevé]], British-French special agent, member of the [[Special Operations Executive]] during [[World War II]] and escapee from the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], in [[Hastings]], [[England]] (d. [[1963]])

==January 30, 1916 (Sunday) ==
* A German zeppelin bombed [[Paris]], killing six civilians and wounding another 30 people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Zeppelin Kills 6 Parisians, Wounds 30|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/01/30/119030997.pdf|access-date=11 January 2017|work=New York Times|issue=January 30, 1916|date=January 30, 1916}}</ref>
* The Italian air squadron [[71a Squadriglia]] was established in [[Torino]] as Italy's first [[fighter squadron]].<ref>Franks et al 1997, p. 121</ref>
* Arthur Warren Waite, a dentist from [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], poisoned his mother-in-law [[Murder of Hannah and John E. Peck|Hannah M. Carpenter]] using arsenic while she stayed at his home in [[New York City]]. It was the first of two murders, the second being Waite's father-in-law Jon E. Peck who arrived two months later following his wife's death.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arsenic In Body Of John E. Peck, Autopsy Shows. Grand Rapids Millionaire Died in the Riverside Drive Home of His Son-in-Law |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/03/23/301843152.pdf |work=[[New York Times]] |date=March 23, 1916 |access-date=2015-04-23 }}</ref><ref name=book>{{cite book |author=Tobin T. Buhk |title=Poisoning The Pecks of Grand Rapids: The Scandalous 1916 Murder Plot |year=2014  |isbn= 978-1626196971}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Ethel du Pont]], American heiress and socialite, granddaughter to [[Eugene du Pont]] and wife to [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.]], in [[Wilmington, Delaware]] (d. [[1965]], suicide)
* '''Died:''' [[Joseph Jacobs]], Australian folklorist, collected and popularized many popular English fairy tales in ''English Fairy Tales'' and ''More English Fairy Tales'' (b. [[1854]]); [[Clements Markham]], English geographer, chief organizer of the [[Discovery Expedition]] to the [[Antarctic]] (b. [[1830]])

==January 31, 1916 (Monday) ==
[[File:SMS Karlsruhe in Scapa Flow 1919.jpg|thumb|250px|[[SMS Karlsruhe (1916)|SMS ''Karlsruhe'']]]]
* German airships resumed bombing raids against [[Great Britain]], as nine [[Imperial German Navy]] zeppelins led by the chief of the German Naval Airship Division [[Peter Strasser]] attempted to attack [[Liverpool]]. Most of their bombing targets were scattered widely around the [[Midlands|English Midlands]] and did not reach the city.<ref>Whitehouse, Arch, ''The Zeppelin Fighters'', New York: Ace Books, 1966, pp. 131–133</ref>
* German cruiser [[SMS Karlsruhe (1916)|SMS ''Karlsruhe'']] was launched at the [[Kaiserliche Werft Kiel]] in [[Kiel]], [[Germany]] and would play a role in [[Operation Albion]] the following year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gröner|first=Erich|title=German Warships: 1815–1945|year=1990|location=Annapolis|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-87021-790-9|page=113}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Sangoulé Lamizana]], Voltiac state leader, 2nd [[List of heads of state of Burkina Faso|President]] of the [[Republic of Upper Volta]] in [[West Africa]] (now [[Burkina Faso]]) (d. [[2005]])

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Events by month links}}

[[Category:January|1916]]
[[Category:1916|*1916-01]]
[[Category:Months in the 1910s|*1916-01]]

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