View source for French submarine Doris (S643)

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{{Short description|French submarine, 1964–1970}}
{{other ships|French submarine Doris}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Doris 1994.jpg
|Ship caption=''Doris'' in 1994
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=France
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|France|naval}}
|Ship name=''Doris''
|Ship namesake=[[Doris (mythology)|Doris]], a sea goddess in [[Greek mythology]]
|Ship owner=
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[Naval Group|Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales]], [[Cherbourg-en-Cotentin|Cherbourg]],&nbsp;[[France]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=1 September 1958
|Ship launched=14 May 1960
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=26 August 1964
|Ship decommissioned=18 November 1994
|Ship maiden voyage= 
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=[[Toulon]], France
|Ship identification=S643
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=*Condemned 20&nbsp;August&nbsp;1996
*Sank 25 June 1999
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass|Daphné|submarine}}
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|869|t|LT|0|lk=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1,043|t|LT|0}} submerged
|Ship length={{convert|57.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|6.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|5.25|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=[[Diesel-electric submarine|Diesel-electric]], two [[Propeller shaft|shafts]], {{cvt|1,600|shp|0|lk=in}}
|Ship speed=*Submerged: {{convert|16|kn|lk=in}}
*[[Submarine snorkel|Snorkeling]]: {{convert|8|kn}}
*Surfaced: {{convert|12|kn}}
|Ship range=Surfaced: {{convert|10000|nmi|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|7|kn}}
|Ship endurance=30 days
|Ship test depth={{convert|300|m|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''Doris'' (S643)''', the third [[French Navy]] [[submarine]] of the name, was one of eleven of the {{sclass|Daphné|submarine|4}} of "high-performance submarines."<ref>[http://www.netmarine.net/bat/smarins/junon/typedaphne/index1.htm "''Les sous-marins à hautes performances de 800 tonnes du type Daphné''" (in French), netmarine.net Accessed 6 May 2023]</ref> She was in commission from 1964 to 1994.

==Construction, trials, and commissioning==
===Keel-laying and launch===
''Doris'' was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] by ''[[Naval Group|Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales]]'' at [[Cherbourg-en-Cotentin|Cherbourg]],&nbsp;[[France]], on 1 September 1958. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|Launched]] on 14&nbsp;May&nbsp;1960 with a substantial crowd in attendance, including [[Minister of the Armed Forces (France)|Minister of the Armed Forces]] [[Pierre Messmer]], Ministerial Delegate for the Navy [[Guillaume Le Bigot]], and the widow of the [[commanding officer]] of the first {{ship|French submarine|Doris|Q135|3}}, lost along with his entire crew when a [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[U-boat]] sank his submarine in 1940.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus>[http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Doris III (in French) Accessed 6 May 2023]</ref>

===1961===
On 2 August 1961, ''Doris'' put to sea for the first time, leaving Cherbourg to begin lengthy [[sea trials]] and testing which lasted for over three years. In September 1961, she again got underway from Cherbourg, called at [[Lorient Submarine Base]] in [[Lorient]], France, on 13 September to bring aboard a new commanding officer, and then arrived at [[Brest, France|Brest]], France, on 16 September. She then returned to Cherbourg, but departed again to make a port call at [[Bordeaux]], France, from 13 to 16 October 1961 before again returning to Cherbourg.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1962===
After a visit by the Higher Test Commission, ''Doris'' departed Cherbourg on 2 June 1962 bound for [[Toulon]], France. She made a cruise from Toulon from 2 to 19 July 1962. On 31 July 1962, she departed Toulon in company with her [[sister ships]] {{ship|French submarine|Daphne|S642|2}} and {{ship|French submarine|Diane|S642|2}}, the submarine {{ship|French submarine|Aréthuse|S635|2}}, and the [[submarine tender]] ''[[German submarine tender Saar|Gustave Zédé]]'' for a cruise in the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] during which they called at [[İzmir]], Turkey, from 13 to 17 August; [[Mykonos]], a Greek island in the [[Cyclades]] in the [[Aegean Sea]], on 19 August; [[Piraeus]], Greece, from 20 to 24 August; and [[Corfu]] from 25 to 26 August before returning to Toulon on 3 September 1962.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

A series of cruises from Toulon followed. ''Doris'' returned from the first of them on 12 October 1962, the second on 12 November, and the third on 17 November 1962. She made her final cruise from Toulon of 1962 from 26 November to 1 December.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1963===
''Doris'' continued her outings from Toulon in 1963, making the first two from 5 to 14 and the second from 21 to 26 January. During herthird cruise, she conducted exercises in the Mediterranean Sea off [[Provence]], then made a port call at [[Valencia]], Spain, from 14 to 18 February 1963 before her return to Toulon on 23 February. She was at sea again from 25 February to 2 March 1963, then made another cruise from Toulon, returning on 1 April 1963. ''Doris'' next proceeded from Toulon to Lorient, which she reached on 12 April 1963. She put to sea from Lorient on 17 April 1963, then returned. On 14 May 1963, she arrived at [[Liverpool]], England, then returned to Lorient on 19 May. She then proceeded to [[Mers-el-Kébir]] in Algeria, where she arrived on May 27, 1963, before returning to Toulon.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

''Doris'' next departed Toulon on 5 July 1963. After her return, she took aboard a new commanding officer on 20 July 1963, then began another cruise from Toulon on 22 July. She continued her schedule of cruises from Toulon, making her next one from 2 to 13 September 1963, followed by one which saw her return to Toulon on 5 October 1963. She got underway again on 28 October 1963 bound for [[Genoa]], Italy, where she called from 31 October to 4 November 1963 before heading back to Toulon. She rounded out her 1963 activities with two more cruises from Toulon, from 18 to 23 November followed by one from which she returned on 30 November.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1964===
In 1964, ''Doris'' continued her operations from Toulon, departing on 12 January, making another cruise from 20 to 25 January 1964, and yet another which she concluded on 31 January 1964. She made a visit to [[Palma de Mallorca]] in the [[Balearic Islands]] that began on 7 February 1964, a cruise from Toulon that lasted from 24 to 27 March 1964, and arrived in [[Livorno]], Italy, on 5 April 1964, and got underway from Toulon on 13 April and again on 11 May 1964. During a cruise from Toulon that began on 18 April, she took part in the "Fair Game II" exercise. After completing another cruise that began on 25 May 1964, she put to sea from Toulon on 1 June 1964 to take part in Operation Tramontane between Provence and the Balearic Islands, then called at [[Barcelona]], Spain, from 11 to 16 June before proceeding to Toulon. She then made another cruise from Toulon that ended on 21 August 1964. The French Navy finally deemed ''Doris''′s pre-acceptance trials complete, and on 26 August 1964 she was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]].<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

==Commissioned service==

''Doris'' spent her entire career based at [[Toulon]], France, as a unit of the [[Mediterranean]] Submarine [[Squadron (naval)|Squadron]]. Upon commissioning, she was assigned to the 1st Submarine Squadron.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1964–1965===
''Doris'' returned to Toulon from her first post-commissioning cruise on 28 August and from her second on 4 September 1964. A new commanding officer reported aboard on 12 September. She departed Toulon for her next cruise on 3 October 1964.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

On 12 October 1964, ''Doris'' got underway from Toulon to take part in the "Lavezzi Deux" exercise between 6 and 23 October. Her next cruise began on 19 October, and she also put to sea from Toulon 25 October, returning on 26 October. On 19 November 1964, ''Doris'' departed Toulon to participate with and her sister ship {{ship|French submarine|Minerve|S647|2}} in an interallied exercise off [[Sardinia]] from 23 November to 2 December 1964. The two submarines then called at [[Civitavecchia]], Italy, from 2 to 6 December 1964 before returning to Toulon. ''Doris'''s activities for 1964 ended with a cruise from Toulon that she completed on 11 December 1964.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/><!--Source places her at Civitavecchia from 2 to 6 December 1964 and departing Toulon on 5 December 1964. It is unclear which date is in error.-->

''Doris'' began her operations in 1965 by departing Toulon in company with her sister ship {{ship|French submarine|Eurydice|S644|2}} on 18 January. The two submarines made a stop at [[Nice]], France, from 20 to 21 January before arriving at Toulon on 22 January. ''Doris'' then made a cruise from Toulon from 24 January to 6 February 1965, and on 8 March 1965 got back underway to take part in the "Cartha" cruise in the [[Western Mediterranean]] and make a port call at [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]], Spain, before she returned to Toulon on 27 March 1965. On 5 April 1965, she began a major refit at Toulon.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1966===
On 1 February 1966, ''Doris''′s refit was completed. She departed Toulon on 7 February and again on 14 February for post-refit trials.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

With her trials complete, ''Doris'' resumed operations from Toulon. She made her first post-refit cruise from 21 to 26 February 1966, her second from 4 to 19 March, and her third from 25 to 29 April 1966. She got underway again on 3 May 1966 for trials and individual training and called at [[Ajaccio]], France, from 7 to 9 May before returning to Toulon on 12 May 1966. She participated in the 1966 "''Paso Doble''" summer cruise from 13 June to 23 July, during which she took part in the "Fado" exercise. She called at [[Lisbon]], Portugal, from 29 June to 4 July; at [[Cadiz]], Spain, from 6 to 10 July; and at [[Málaga]], Spain, from 10 to 13 July before returning to Toulon on 23 July 1966.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

After a new commanding officer took command on 6 August 1966, ''Doris'' made two cruises from Toulon, the first from 22 August to 7 September 1966, followed by another she completed on 24 September. She next departed Toulon on 12 November 1966 for various exercises in the Mediterranean Sea. After a port call at [[Palermo]], Italy, planned for 14 to 17 November was cancelled, took part with the French [[Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France)|Mediterranean Squadron]] in Operation ''Émaux'', which was scheduled for 15 November to 20 December 1966. On 25 November 1966 at approximately 19:30, she was involved in a violent collision with the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Tanker (ship)|tanker]] ''Stanislav'' when she came to [[periscope depth]] in the Mediterranean Sea off Toulon.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sous-marin.france.pagesperso-orange.fr/Q243.htm|title=Descriptif du sous-marin la ''Doris''|language=fr|website=sous-marin.france.pagesperso-orange.fr|access-date=18 December 2012|archive-date=4 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104150814/http://sous-marin.france.pagesperso-orange.fr/Q243.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The collision did not cause any injuries, but ''Doris'' suffered significant damage, causing the misalignment of her No. 11 and No. 12 [[torpedo tube]]s and leaks in her [[Port and starboard|port]] aft [[ballast tank]] and at her steering rod mechanism. She returned to Toulon on 27 November 1966.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1967–1969===
After completing repairs, ''Doris'' returned to sea on 9 January 1967 for a cruise from Toulon that lasted until 13 January. Her next cruise was from 16 to 28 January 1967. She then participated in parts of Operation ''Camées'', which took place in the Mediterranean Sea and [[Atlantic Ocean]] from 30 January to 7 March 1967, putting to sea from Toulon on 1 February and then getting underway from Toulon a second time and returning on 11 March 1967. She then made a cruise from that began on 9 April 1967. After a new commanding officer reported aboard on 6 May 1967, she spent the rest of 1967 taking part in Exercise "Exmix", Exercise "Fair Game Alpha/Charlie", and other exercises.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

In 1968, ''Doris'' conducted a cruise from which she returned on 29 April, and another from 6 to 11 May. She later departed Toulon for training along the coast of Provence and in the Mediterranean Sea and made a port call at Livorno, Italy, from 10 to 14 September before returning to Toulon on 15 September 1968. During September 1968 she also conducted training with naval[[commando]]s of the 2nd [[Company (military unit)|Company]] of the [[Fusiliers Marins Commandos Group]]. On 28 October 1968, she departed Toulon for trials, and she visited [[Malta]] from 4 to 6 November 1968 with her sister ship {{ship|French submarine|Junon|S648|2}}, returning to Toulon on 9 November. She carried out a safety pellet release test on 25 November 1968 which took place without problems, the release occurring four seconds after the order to conduct it. A new commanding officer took command of ''Doris'' on 27 November 1968.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

''Doris'' got underway off from Toulon on 20 October 1969 for exercises, then returned on 26 October. She then began a major refit at Toulon.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1970–1973===
After completion of her refit in early 1970, ''Doris'' left Toulon on 1 June 1970 for exercises. She visited [[Athens]], Greece, from 18 to 23 June, then returned to Toulon on 28 June. She again departed Toulon on 27 July 1970 to conduct a series of trials on the coast of Provence, also calling at [[Port Vendres]] from 31 July to 3 August before returning to Toulon on 7 August 1970. After another change of command on 2 October, she took part in the Franco-Spanish "Murcia" exercise in the Mediterranean Sea from 23 to 29 October 1970.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

On 11 January 1971 ''Doris'' and the submarine {{ship|French submarine|Morse|S638|2}} got underway from Toulon for various trials on the coast of Provence. They returned on 16 January. On 1 February 1971, ''Doris'' and the submarine {{ship|French submarine|Ariane|S640|2}} for a similar cruise various trials and exercises on the coast of Provence. They returned on 5 February 1971. ''Doris'' later conducted exercises in the [[Corsica]] area until 19 May 19cruise 71, when she began a port call at Livorno, Italy, that lasted until 22 May. She returned to Toulon on 29 May 1971. On 19 June she took part in a [[fleet review]] attended by [[President of France]] [[Georges Pompidou]].<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

''Doris'' departed Toulon on 29 July 1971 for exercises, during which she visited [[Heraklion]], Greece, from 24 to 29 August 1971. From 7 to 9 October and again from 18 to 23 October 1971, ''Doris'' and the submarine {{ship|French submarine|Argonaute|S636|2}} conducted various trials and exercises together. ''Doris'' again conducted various trials from 26 to 29 October 1971, and she carried out various trials off Provence from 12 to 22 December 1971.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

From 3 to 5 January 1972, ''Doris'' and ''Junon'' carried out exercises together. ''Doris'' and ''Morse'' conducted a command course at sea together from 14 to 18 February 1972, and ''Doris'' conducted another command course at sea from 21 to 26 February. She carried out exercises from 28 February to 3 March 1972. She later took part with the Mediterranean Squadron in Operation Dawn Patrol until 14 May 1972, when she resumed her individual training. She and ''Junon'' visited [[Naples]], Italy, from 17 to 20 May 1972 before returning to Toulon on 22 May. A new commanding officer took command on 23 May.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

''Doris'' began a major overhaul at Toulon at the beginning of 1973 which lasted into 1974.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1974–1977===
After the completion of her overhaul in early 1974, ''Doris'' put to sea from 4 to 10 March 1974 for post-overhaul exercises. She again returned to Toulon on 14 June 1974 after she and her sister ship ''Diane''took part in an aviation contest. Exercises followed, from which she returned on 28 June, and she again was at sea for exercises from 16 to 19 July 1974. On 29 July 1974, she got underway from Toulon to take part in an aviation exercise, and she called at [[L'Île-Rousse]], Corsica, from 3 to 6 August before returning to Toulon on 9 August 1974. Her final activity of 1974 was her participation in the "Campanule" exercise, from which she returned on 20 December.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

On 10 January 1975, a new commanding officer took command, and at the time it was noted that under her outgoing commanding officer, who had reported aboard on 22 May 1972, ''Doris'' had traveled {{convert|16,000|nmi|sigfig=3|lk=in}} and fired 98 [[torpedo]]es. During the change-of-command ceremony, a [[Quartermaster#French Navy|quartermaster]] in her crew received a letter of congratulations from the [[List of naval ministers of France|minister of the navy]] for "proof of courage during assistance to a person in danger." ''Doris'' spent 1975 participating in the "''Fénec''" and "Dogfish" exercises.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

Another change of command took place on 10 February 1976. Under her new commanding officer, ''Doris'' too part in numerous exercises and training activities during 1976.< She sank the decommissioned submarine tender ''[[German submarine tender Saar|Gustave Zédé]]'' as a target at 11:25 on 26 February 1976 in {{convert|2149|m|0}} of water in the Mediterranean Sea south of [[Marseille]], France, at {{coord|42|30|N|005|24|E|name=''Gustave Zédé''}} with an [[E14 torpedo|E14]] torpedo. ''Doris'' put to sea on 20 April 1976 with her sister ship {{ship|French submarine|Flore|S645|2}} for a command course at sea, during which the submarines visited Palma de Mallorca on 25 April. On 11 July 1976, ''Doris'' took part in a naval review attended by French President [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]. At the beginning of October 1976, ''Doris'' and [[helicopter]]s from the naval base at [[Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer]], France, took part in the [[antisubmarine warfare]] component of combined [[air defense]] and antisubmarine exercises.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/> During October, she conducted exercises with both the French [[Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France)|Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean]] and the commander of French Navy [[attack submarine]]s aboard.<ref>Anonymous, "Le V.A. Tardy et le C.A. Pieri a bord de la 'Doris'" (in French), ''[[Cols Bleus]]'', No. 1445, 23 October 1976, at [http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Doris III Accessed 6 May 2023] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507012338/http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 |date=7 May 2023 }}</ref>  On 22 November 1976, [[Minister of the Armed Forces (France)|Minister of the Armed Forces]] [[Yvon Bourges]] made a dive aboard ''Doris''.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

In 1977, ''Doris'' got underway from Toulon and visited Heraklion, Crete, on 7 March before making a port call at İzmir, Turkey, until 14 March and returning to Toulon on 20 March.<ref>''Cols Bleus'' (in French), No. 1472, at [http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Doris III Accessed 6 May 2023] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507012338/http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 |date=7 May 2023 }}</ref> She departed Toulon in company with her sister ship {{ship|French submarine|Daphné|S641|2}} on 3 May 1977, and the two submarines visited Palma de Mallorca on 13 May before returning to Toulon on 21 May.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/> On 9 June 1977, a new commanding officer reported aboard,<ref>Anonymous, "Le C.C. Harismendy nouveau commandant de la 'Doris'" (in French), ''Cols Bleus'', No. 1480, 9 July 1977, at [http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Doris III Accessed 6 May 2023]</ref> and in July 1977 ''Doris'' took part in Operation '' Portes Ouvertes'' at the [[Toulon arsenal|Toulon Arsenal]].<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/> She departed Toulon in October 1977, and after a stop at [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] on [[Tenerife]] in the [[Canary Islands]] on 8 October ad on 17 October 1977 arrived at Cherbourg,<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/> where a boat manned by commanding officers and [[executive officer]]s of the submarines of the Mediterranean Squadron greeted her.<ref name=colsbleu19771029>Anonymous, "Grand Carenage pour la 'Doris'" (in French), ''Cols Bleus'', No. 1493, 29 October 1977, at [http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Doris III Accessed 6 May 2023] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507012338/http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 |date=7 May 2023 }}</ref> She began a major overhaul at Cherbourg expected to last approximately a year, part of an initiative to increase the workload of the shipyard there by transferring refit and overhaul work from Toulon.<ref name=colsbleu19771029/>

===1978–1982===
After the completion of her overhaul, ''Doris'' moved to Lorient, from which she departed for post-overhaul trials. She returned to Lorient on 6 November 1978. On 4 January 1979 she departed Cherbourg and, after a stop at Malaga, Spain, arrived at Toulon on 23 January. She then resumed operations from Toulon, conducting a cruise from 4 to 10 February 1979 and getting underway with ''Diane'' on 25 March 1979 for a command course at sea. After a stopover at Palma de Mallorca on 6 April, the submarines returned to Toulon on 14 April 1979. Her next cruise from Toulon ended with her return on 26 May 1979. She got underway from Toulon on 5 June 1979 and visited L'Île-Rousse from 7 to 11 June before returning to Toulon on 15 June 1979. She departed Toulon on 21 August 1979 bound for [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]], Sicily, where she made a port call from 30 August to 2 September 1979 before getting back underway and arriving at Toulon on 7 September 1979. After a change of command on 10 September 1979, she made a cruise to Nice, departing Toulon on 7 November, calling at Nice from 9 to 12 November, and returning to Toulon on 16 November 1979.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

In April 1980, ''Doris'' and ''Diane'' took part in submarine command courses at sea. ''Doris'' next conducted a patrol during which she visited İzmir, Turkey, on 15 June 1980. Two more cruises from Toulon followed, the first concluding on 26 July and the second on 8 August 1980.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

In 1981, ''Doris'' made a cruise to Palermo, Sicily, which she visited from 13 to 17 March before returning to Toulon on 19 March. A new commanding officer reported aboard on 26 March 1981, and from 3 to 9 May 1981 ''Doris'' was at sea with ''Daphné'' on a qualification cruise. From 16 August to 16 September 1981, ''Doris'' conducted a patrol, during which she made a port call at [[Alexandra]], Egypt, from 2 to 8 September. She again was at sea from 12 to 25 November 1981 to participate in the "Iles d'Or" exercise.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

On 24 January 1982, ''Doris'' got underway with the submarine {{ship|French submarine|Bévéziers|S621|2}} for a command course at sea. She stopped at Palma de Mallorca on 4 February 1982 before returning to Toulon. On 26 March 1982, she departed Toulon to take part in the "Dogfish" exercise and called at Naples, Italy, on 13 April before returning to Toulon. She again put to sea from Toulon from 20 to 22 April and 15 to 17 June 1982 for the CPESM competition. On 14 July 1982, she took part in a [[Bastille Day]] naval review attended by French President [[François Mitterrand]] and Minister of the Armed Forces [[Charles Hernu]]. She set out from Toulon for a training cruise on 2 August 1982, followed by another such cruise from 8 to 11 September 1982. A new commanding officer took command of ''Doris'' on 29 September 1982.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1983–1984===
In early October 1983, ''Doris'' got underway from Toulon to conduct a series of exercises in the Mediterranean Sea. On 22 October 1983 at 04:10, she was on the surface making {{convert|8|kn|lk=in}} a few [[nautical mile]]s from [[Sète]] — a port in [[Southern France]] where she was scheduled to make a routine stopover that day — when an extremely violent explosion occurred in the [[Electric battery|battery]] room, killing instantly two sailors in the compartment and inflicting significant damage.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://s643.voila.net/ |title=Articles de presse relatant l'accident de la Doris |language=fr |website=voila.net|access-date=18 December 2012 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509070344/http://s643.voila.net/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Five other crewmen were injured, two of them seriously, including ''Doris''′s commanding officer. ''Doris'' had experienced a succession of incidents concerning the level of [[hydrogen]] gas in the battery compartment and inadequate ventilation of the compartment, and the explosion was attributed to an untimely reaction between the hydrogen emitted by the batteries while under charge and the [[oxygen]] in the air aboard ''Doris'' after a failure of control devices or the ventilation system.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/> The explosion was followed by a fire that ''Doris''′s crew quickly brought under control. The [[maritime prefect]]ure of Toulon radioed the ''[[gendarmerie]]'' of [[Montpellier]], France, which dispatched a [[helicopter]] which hoisted two injured men aboard and took them to the hospital at Sète. Despite his injuries, the commanding officer refused evacuation and supervised rescue and safety activities until ''Doris'' reached port at Sète, which she did under her own power.<ref>Kévorkian, Georges, ''Accidents Des Sous Marins Francais 1945–1983'' (in French), Marines Nantes, {{isbn|978-2915379372}}, 2006.</ref>

After repairs, ''Doris'' conducted post-repair trials in May 1984 and from 4 to 8 June 1984 she carried out qualification activities. After their completion, she returned to operations from Toulon, departing on a cruise during which she made a stop at [[La Maddalena]], Sardinia, then got back underway on 20 June and arrived at Toulon on 22 June 1984. In August and September 1984 she was in training. She made a port call at [[Oran]], Algeria, from 9 to 11 September 1984.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/> During her cruise her second engineer became violently ill with pain, apparently due to an [[ulcer]]. The [[Italian Navy]] sent a [[Float (nautical)|float]]-equipped helicopter to pick up the man, but it sustained damage and sank while attempting to land on the sea near ''Doris'', seriously injuring its pilot. ''Doris'' rescued the helicopter's four-man crew, and the Italian Navy dispatched another helicopter and a [[Launch (boat)|launch]] to rendezvous with ''Doris'' pick up the French sailor and the Italian helicopter crew. The helicopter pilot died during the trip, but the French sailor recovered in a hospital ashore.<ref>Anonymous, "Accident en mer" (in French), ''Cols Bleus'' (in French), No. 1816, 15 September 1984, at [http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/101-doris-iii?showall=1 Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Doris III Accessed 6 May 2023]</ref> ''Doris'' returned to Toulon on 15 September 1984. ''Doris'' Agan was at sea from 27 October to 3 November, and she completed her activities for 1984 by completing another cruise from Toulon on 31 December.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

===1985–1994===
''Doris'' made a visit to Malaga, Spain, from 27 February to 3 March 1985. A new commanding officer reported aboard on 23 April 1985.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

In 1986, ''Doris'' made a cruise from Toulon that concluded on 21 February. She again was at sea from 24 February to 3 March 1986, and during her cruise took part in the "La Playa' competition from 1 to 3 March. She received a new commanding officer on 11 July 1986, and in November 1986 she held an open house for visitors as part of a centennial celebration of the submarine force. She visited Nice on 13 and 14 December 1986.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

''Doris'' participated in the NATO "Dogfish 87" exercise in April 1987, during which she made a four-day visit to [[Dubrovnik]], Yugoslavia. From 1 to 12 May 1987, she took part with the submarine {{ship|French submarine|Ouessant|S623|2}}, the [[aviso]] {{ship|French aviso|Commandant Ducuing||2}}, and the [[corvette]] {{ship|French covette|Dupleix||2}} in a training course for future submarine commanders, during which the vessels called at [[Mallorca]] in the Balearic Islands from 5 to 7 May. ''Doris'' participated in the Franco-American exercise "Louisiane" from 14 to 20 November and in France's first annual [[Telethon#France|AMF ''Téléthon'']] for [[muscular dystrophy]] from 4 to 5 December 1987.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

New commanding officers reported aboard ''Doris'' on 21 July 1988 and 25 September 1990. From 9 to 18 June 1992, she participated along with British, Italian, and Spanish ships in the joint exercise "Farfadet 92" in the Mediterranean Sea. After another change of command on 22 July 1992, she visited Nice from 14 to 16 March 1993. She departed Toulon on 3 June 1993, arrived at Marseille on 6 June to participate in Marseille Sea Week, and then returned to Toulon. She visited Malaga, Spain, from 1 to 4 July 1993 and [[Antibes]], France, from 9 to 10 October 1993. On 21 October 1993, she began her participation in the combined exercise "Ardente", which took place in the Mediterranean Sea and also involved ships of the navies of Belgium, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

From 21 to 25 January 1994, ''Doris'' visited Malaga, Spain. Her final change of command occurred on 8 March 1994. On 13 August 1994 she got underway from Toulon to participate in the "Fiftieth Anniversary of the Landings in Provence" celebration — a commemoration of [[Operation Dragoon]], the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[Amphibious warfare|amphibious landings]] in Southern France on 15 August 1944 during [[World War II]] — and in a naval review at [[Villefranche-sur-Mer|Villefranche]], France, on 14 August 1994. She returned to Toulon on 16 September 1994. ''Doris'' made her final dive on 23 September 1994 with her former commanding officers aboard for the occasion.<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

==Final disposition==
''Doris'' was [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] on 18 November 1994. She was condemned on 20 August 1996, then designated for use as a [[Target ship|target]].<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/>

On 25 June 1999, ''Doris''′s [[Hulk (ship)|hulk]] accidentally sank with no one aboard in {{convert|939|m|0}} of water in the Mediterranean Sea off France's [[Levant Island]] at {{coord|43.1028333|N|006.5726667|E|name=''Doris''}} while being submerged to a shallow depth for use as a target in a test firing of the new [[MU90 Impact]] [[Antisubmarine warfare|antisubmarine]] [[torpedo]].<ref name=sousmarinesdianedisparus/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netmarine.net/bat/smarins/doris/index.htm|title=Historique et photos du sous-marin ''Doris'' | language=fr|website=Netmarine.net |author= |date= |access-date=18 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>[https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?128129 Doris (S643) [+1999], wrecksite.eu, 1 October 2020 Accessed 19 May 2023]</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of submarines of France]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===

==External links==
*{{cite web |url= http://www.netmarine.net/bat/smarins/doris/index.htm |title=Doris |website=netmarine.net|language=fr |access-date=}}
{{Daphné class submarines}}
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