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{{Short description|Educational group for the Southern US}}
The '''Freedmen's Aid Society''' was founded in 1859 during the [[American Civil War]] by the [[American Missionary Association]] (AMA), a group supported chiefly by the [[Congregational]], [[Presbyterian]] and [[Methodist]] churches in the North.  It organized a supply of teachers from the North and provided housing for them, to set up and teach in schools in the South for freedmen and their children.<ref>{{cite book |first=Richard Gause |last=Boone |chapter=The Freedmen's Aid Society |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6PZjdLGhui4C&pg=PA351 |title=Education in the United States: Its History from the Earliest Settlements |publisher=Books for Libraries Press |location=[[Freeport, New York]] |year=1971 |page=351 |isbn=0-8369-5924-8 |oclc=210558 |access-date=20 February 2009}}</ref> The AMA founded a total of more than 500 schools and colleges for freedmen in the South after the war,<ref name="DeBoer">[http://www.ucc.org/about-us/hidden-histories/blacks-and-the-american.html Clara Merritt DeBoer, "Blacks and the American Missionary Association"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106042417/http://www.ucc.org/about-us/hidden-histories/blacks-and-the-american.html |date=2009-01-06 }}, United Church of Christ, 1973, accessed 12 Jan 2009</ref> so that freedmen could be educated as teachers, nurses and other professionals.

The work of the Society accelerated with the end of the war and the beginning of the [[Reconstruction era]]. Education for freedmen was seen as a top priority among both blacks and whites. The Society was supported by a variety of religious groups and denominations, and it began work in the South three months after organizing.  By the end of the first year, it had recruited 52 instructors. The teachers instructed more than 5,000 students in 59 schools.  The schools were open to men, women, and children in the South.<ref>
{{cite book
| last1 = Luccock
| first1=Halford F.
| first2=Paul 
| last2=Hutchinson
| first3=Robert W. 
| last3=Goodloe
| title = The Story of Methodism
| place = Nashville, TN
| publisher = Parthenon Press
| date =1926}}</ref> By the turn of the century, blacks had raised their rate of literacy by an amazing amount; it was a major success story since the end of the war. By then the Democratic-dominated state legislatures had imposed racial segregation and were underfunding black schools and other facilities.

Leadership and control of the Freedmen's Aid Society has been attributed to both the Congregational and the [[Methodist Episcopal]] churches.<ref name="DeBoer"/><ref name="ME">[http://www.auctr.edu/rwwl/Home/tabid/429/Default.aspx Freedmen's Aid Society Records] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011035729/http://www.auctr.edu/rwwl/Home/tabid/429/Default.aspx |date=2012-10-11 }} 1866-1932, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center. Accessed October 18, 2012.</ref> The Methodist version of the Society's history states that it was founded in 1866. It was "directed by a Board of Managers who were elected by the (Methodist) General Conference." In 1920 it was reorganized and renamed the Board of Education for Negroes, and in 1939 absorbed into the Board of Education of the Methodist Church.<ref name="ME"/>

==Notable people==
* [[Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney]]
* [[Anna Fisher Beiler]]
* [[Richard S. Rust]]

== See also ==
*[[Freedmen's town]]
*[[History of slavery in the United States]]

==References==
{{archival records|title=Freedmen's Aid Society records}}
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of education in the United States]]
[[Category:Christian organizations based in the United States]]
[[Category:Reconstruction Era]]
[[Category:History of the Southern United States]]
[[Category:American Missionary Association]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:American freedmen]]

{{US-org-stub}}

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