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{{short description|Historic hill in Bucharest, Romania}}
[[Image:Bucuresti punte 1837.jpg|thumb|300px|The Dâmbovița [[watermill]]s on the outskirts of Bucharest, with Dealul Spirii and [[Mihai Vodă Monastery]] in the background (1837)]]
[[File:Bucharest view from Dealul Mitropoliei (2023).jpg|thumb|300px|The [[Palace of the Parliament]] and the [[People's Salvation Cathedral]] (left) on Dealul Spirii; from [[Dealul Mitropoliei |Metropolitanate Hill]] (2023)]]

'''Dealul Spirii'''<ref>An antiquated version of the name is ''Dealul Spirei''</ref> ({{IPA|ro|ˈde̯alul ˈspirij|lang}}, ''Spirea's Hill'') is a hill in [[Bucharest]], Romania, the location of the [[Palace of the Parliament]], initially built by [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] as the ''House of the People''.

==Alternative names==
The heights were also known as ''Dealul Arsenalului'' (Arsenal Hill) and ''Dealul Uranus'' (Uranus Hill), after the armoury established there and the quarter built around the hill, respectively (see "History" section).

==History==
Initially a vineyard known as ''Dealul Lupeștilor'' ('the hill of the Lupescu family'),<ref>Giurescu, pp. 281, 317.</ref> it was rebaptised after a certain doctor Spiridon "Spirea" Kristofi, who founded the fortified ''Spirea Veche'' church in 1765.<ref>Giurescu, p.102, 351</ref> The church was demolished in 1984 to make place for the ''People's House''.

Also on the hill were found the ruins of [[Curtea Nouă]] ('the New Court'), the princely residence built in 1776 by [[Alexander Ypsilantis (1725–1805) |Alexander Ypsilantis]], [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Prince]] of [[Wallachia]],  to replace [[Curtea Veche]] ('the Old Court').<ref>Giurescu, pp. 103-104.</ref> It was built together with a large [[wine cellar]], still in use during the 1900s.<ref>Giurescu, pp. 325, 381.</ref> Curtea Nouă was the official residence of the [[Phanariotes]] (members of upper-class Greek families from [[Constantinople]]'s [[Fener |Phanári]] quarter, chosen by the Porte as rulers of Wallachia and [[Principality of Moldavia |Moldavia]]) until 1812, when it burnt down; it was since known as ''Curtea Arsă'' ('the Burnt Court'),<ref>Cantacuzino</ref> the ruins being razed completely in 1986.<ref>Zănescu</ref>

In July 1818, Dealul Spirii saw the rising of a [[hot air balloon]], an event witnessed by Prince [[John Caradja]].<ref>Giurescu, p. 110.</ref>

[[Image:Batalia Pompierilor Dealul Spirei.jpg|thumb|300px|Lithograph of the [[Wallachian military forces#1848 and the battle of Dealul Spirii|battle between the Bucharest firemen and Ottoman troops]], 1848]]
On 13 September 1848, the [[Wallachian military forces#1848 and the battle of Dealul Spirii |closing battle]] of the [[1848 Wallachian Revolution]] was fought on the hill, involving the [[Ottoman Empire |Ottoman]] troops sent to quell the rebelion, and some infantry troops along with the [[fire brigade]] of Bucharest, led by Pavel Zăgănescu.<ref>Giurescu, p. 136.</ref>

In 1861, the [[Bucharest Army Arsenal]] was established on the hill.<ref>Giurescu, p. 0155.</ref> which led to its alternate name, ''Dealul Arsenalului''.

[[Image:Hora din Dealul Spirei, 1857.jpg|thumb|300px|Dancing the ''[[Hora (dance)|hora]]'' on Spirii Hill (1857 lithograph)]]

After [[World War I]], the hill gave its name to the famous ''[[Dealul Spirii Trial]]'', which involved members of the [[Romanian Communist Party]], after a bomb was detonated on 8 December 1920 in the [[Senate of Romania|Romanian Senate]] (situated on the hill), which was detonated by [[Max Goldstein]], a [[Communism|communist]] sympathizer.

Also located on this hill was [[Stadionul Republicii]], an [[Art deco]] stadium inaugurated in 1928 as the "ANEF Stadium" (the stadium of the "National Academy of Physical Education") and used by the ''Progresul'' football team, now known as [[FC Progresul București |FC Național]]. The stadium was covered up during the construction of the People's House. As of 2006, the remnants of the stadium are being converted into an underground parking lot.
 
The quarter located around the hill was named after its main thoroughfare, Uranus, which ran up the hill from [[Calea Rahovei]] to the Stadium, and thence to {{ill|Splaiul Independenței|ro}} ('Independence Quay') and [[Izvor, Bucharest|Izvor]]. Uranus was one of the historic districts completely destroyed by Ceaușescu's [[Communist Romania |communist regime]], in order to build the "People's House" (see [[Ceaușima]]), part of the larger project involving Bucharest's new [[Centrul Civic|Civic Centre]].

Dealul Spirii has been the site of many historic buildings, including a number of churches and synagogues. When the hill was razed, a [[mass grave]] was also discovered, containing the remains of people killed by the [[Black Death]]{{when|date= April 2024}}.<ref>Tăbăraș</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*[[Serban Cantacuzino (architect)|Șerban Cantacuzino]], "Două Orașe Distincte" ("Two distinct cities"), ''Revista Secolul XX'', 4/6 (1997), pp.&nbsp;11–40
*[[Constantin C. Giurescu]], ''Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre'' ("History of Bucharest. From the earliest times until our day"), Editura Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966
*Ștefan Tăbăraș, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311054400/http://www.revista22.ro/html/index.php?art=2566&nr=2006-03-22 "București, subliminale"], in ''[[Revista 22]]'', 22 March 2006
*Ionel Zănescu, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175845/http://jurnalul.ro/articol_69350/tavalug.html "Tăvălug"], in ''[[Jurnalul Național]]'', 8 January 2007
*Uranus Hill:  [https://web.archive.org/web/20070617124917/http://www.ici.ro/romania/en/bucuresti/bu_nomore2.html Images Uranus-Izvor district]

{{Quarters Bucharest}}
{{Coord|44|25|38.79|N|26|5|18.91|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Districts of Bucharest]]
[[Category:Hills of Bucharest]]

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