Jathedar of the Akal Takht: Difference between revisions

Jathedar of Akal Takht
Jathedar of Akal Takht
ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ
	Flag of Akal Takht
	Incumbent; Giani Gurbachan Singh (SGPC) ; Jagtar Singh Hawara (Sarbat Khalsa); since 06 August 2008
Style	Sardar ; Bhai Sahib ; Honorable Jathedar; (Formal) ; Singh Sahib ; (Formal)
Member of	Khalsa
Reports to	Sikhs
Seat	Akal Takht
Appointer	Sarbat Khalsa; SGPC
Formation	17th Century
First holder	Bhai Gurdas; as Custodian of Akal Takht

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The Jathedar of Akal Takht (Template:Lang-pa), is the appointed head of Akal Takht and the Sikhs of the world. Sikh clergy consists of five Jathedars, one each from five Takhts.

Originally known as Akal Bunga,^[1] the building directly opposite the Darbar Sahib was built by Guru Hargobind as a place of justice and consideration of temporal issues; the highest seat of earthly authority of the Khalsa (the collective body of the Sikhs) and the place of the Jathedar, the highest spokesman of the Sikhs.

Selection process

During the 18th and 19th century, Jathedars of Akal Takht were appointed by the Sarbat Khalsa, a biannual deliberative assembly of the entire Khalsa held at Amritsar, Panjab.

Since 1920, Jathedars of Akal Takht are appointed by Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), an elected body of the Sikhs sometimes called "Parliament of Sikhs".

A Sarbat Khalsa convened by Sikh organisations in 2015 appointed Jagtar Singh Hawara as the Jathedar of Akal Takht. Ex-SGPC president Avtar Singh Makkar however condemned the convening as against the principles of Sikhism and it's decisions null and void. He added that the removal of Jathedars came under Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 and no one could challenge the SGPC's authority.^[2]

List

Colour key
Sarbat Khalsa SGPC

No.		Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Assigned by	Term of office		Ref
Custodians of Akal Takht
style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"\|	1	Bhai Gurdas (1551–1636)		Guru Hargobind	1618	1636
style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"\|	2	Mani Singh (1644–1737)		Guru Gobind Singh	1721	24 June 1734	^[3] ^[4] ^[5]
Jathedars of Akal Takht
	3	Darbara Singh (1644–1734)		Sarbat Khalsa	1722	1734	^[6]
	4	Kapur Singh Virk (1697–1753)		Sarbat Khalsa	1737	1753	^[7] ^[6] ^[8]
	5	Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (1718–1783)	File:Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.jpg	Sarbat Khalsa	1753	1783	^[9] ^[10]
	6	Phula Singh (1761–1823)		Sarbat Khalsa	1800	1823	^[6]
	7	Hanuman Singh (1755–1845)		Sarbat Khalsa	1823	1846	^[6]
	8	Prahlad Singh		Sarbat Khalsa	1846	Unknown	^[11]
Sarbrah of Akal Takht
style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"\|	9	Arur Singh Naushera		East India Company	1906	1921	^[12]
Jathedars of Akal Takht
	10	Teja Singh Bhuchar		Sarbat Khalsa	12 October 1920	1921	^[13] ^[14] ^[4]
	(11)	Teja Singh Akarpuri 1892-1975		SGPC	29 April 1921	13 October 1923	^[15]
	(12)	Udham Singh Nagoke (1894-1966)		SGPC	1923	1924	^[13]
	(13)	Acchar Singh (1893-1976)		SGPC	09 February 1924	10 January 1926	^[16]
	(12)	Udham Singh Nagoke (1894-1966)		SGPC	10 January 1926	short period	^[16]
	(11)	Teja Singh Akarpuri 1892-1975		SGPC	27 November 1926	21 January 1930	^[15]
	14	Didar Singh		SGPC	1925	short period	^[13] ^[14]
	15	Jawaher Singh Mattu Bhaike		SGPC	1926	short period	^[13] ^[14]
	16	Gurmukh Singh Musafir		SGPC	1931	1934	^[13] ^[14]
	17	Wasakha Singh Dadehar (1877-1957)		SGPC	October 1934	December 1934
	18	Mohan Singh Nagoke (1896-1969)		SGPC	1935	1952	^[14]
	19	Partap Singh (1904-1984)		SGPC	1952	1954	^[17]
	(13)	Acchar Singh (1893-1976)		SGPC	23 May 1955	08 November 1962	^[16]
	20	Mohan Singh Tur (1916-1979)		SGPC			^[18]
	21	Sadhu Singh Bhaura (1905-1984)		SGPC	1964	1980
	22	Gurdial Singh Ajnoha (1927-1982)		SGPC	2 March 1980	1983
	23	Kirpal Singh (1918-1993)		SGPC	1983	26 July 1986	^[19]
	24	Jasbir Singh Rode		Sarbat Khalsa^{[citation needed]}	9 March 1988	1989
	25	Professor Darshan Singh (born 1940)		SGPC	1989	1990
	26	Manjit Singh		SGPC	1994	1997
	27	Ranjit Singh		SGPC	1997	1999
	28	Giani Puran Singh		SGPC	1999	2000
	29	Joginder Singh Vadanti		SGPC	2000	2008
	30	Gurbachan Singh (born 1948)		SGPC	06 August 2008	Incubment	^[20]
	31	Jagtar Singh Hawara (born 1973)		Sarbat Khalsa	10 November 2015	Incumbent	^[21]
Vice Jathedars of Akal Takht
	1	Partap Singh (1904-1984)		SGPC	1938	1948	^[17]
	2	Kirpal Singh (1918-1993)		SGPC	1963	1965	^[19]
	3	Gurdev Singh Kaunke (1949-1993)		Sarbat Khalsa	26 January 1986	1993	^[22]
	4	Gurbachan Singh Manochahal (1954-1993)		Sarbat Khalsa	27 April 1986	26 January 1987	^[22] ^[23]
	5	Darshan Singh (born 1940)		SGPC	31 December 1986	9 March 1988	^[23] ^[22] ^[24]
	6	Dhian Singh Mand		Sarbat Khalsa	10 November 2015	Incumbent	^[21]

References

^ "Akal Bunga". The Sikh Encyclopedia. Gateway to Sikhism Foundation. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^ At Sarbat Khalsa, hardliners appoint Hawara Akal Takht Jathedar
^ Dilgeer, Dr. Harjinder Singh. Akal Takht Sahib. Guru Nanak Institute of Sikh Studies. p. 107. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (January 1995). Akal Takht Sahib: Concept and Role (2 ed.). Singh Brothers. ISBN 2-930247-38-X.
^ Singh, Sukhdayal (1991). Siri Akal Takhat Sahib Sarbat Khalsa Ate Gurmatta. Punjab University, Patiala. p. 3. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Jathedars (7th till 1st)". Shiromani Panth Akali Budha Dal (Panjwan Takhat). Retrieved 20 October 2016.
^ "Nawab Kapur Singh Virk (1697-1753)". Sikhism History. Sikhism History. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
^ Nabha, Kahan Singh (13 April 1930). Gur Shabad Ratanakar Mahankosh (1 ed.). Languages Department of Punjab, Patiala. p. ਕਪੂਰ ਸਿੰਘ. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^ Nabha, Kahan Singh (13 April 1930). Gur Shabad Ratanakar Mahankosh (1 ed.). Languages Department of Punjab, Patiala. p. ਜੱਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^ Bedi, Daljit Singh. "ਸੁਲਤਾਨ-ਉਲ-ਕੌਮ ਜੱਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਆਹਲੂਵਾਲੀਆ ਨੂੰ ਯਾਦ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ..." Ajit Jalandhar. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^ "Jathedars (14th till 8th)". Shiromani Panth Akali Budha Dal (Panjwan Takhat). Retrieved 20 October 2016.
^ Mittal, Satish Chandra (1997). Freedom Movement in Punjab (1905-29) (1 ed.). Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 149. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Singh, Balkar (April 1995). Akal Takht Sahib Jot Te Jugat. Chandigarh: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p. Appendices. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (1980). The Akal Takht. Jalandhar: Punjabi Book Company Jullundur. p. 98. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b Mikhayhu, Alain (2011). Teja Singh Akarpuri. Tempor. ISBN 9786138779568.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bharti, Mahinder Singh (3 August 1997). Sankep Jeevani Singh Sahib Jathedar Aachar Singh Ji. Bhai Chatar Singh Jiwan Singh. p. 6.
^ ^a ^b Nirankari, Dr Maan Singh (1900s). Giani Partap Singh Ji. Darbar Printing Press. p. 17.
^ Anttal, Gurpreet Singh. "ਬਰਸੀ 'ਤੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼-ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੁੜ". Ajit Jalandhar. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Kirpal Singh, Singh Sahib Giani". The Sikh Encyclopedia. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
^ Why a road-safety rule has upset some Sikhs
^ ^a ^b Deep, Ajay. "Jagtar Singh Hawara is the new Akal Takht Jathedar via Sarbat Khalsa". Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Singh, Harjinder (2011). Game of Love (2 ed.). Walsall: Akaal Publishers. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9780955458712.
^ ^a ^b Walia, Varinder. "'Misdeeds' of stalwarts during militancy Amritsar ex-DC reveals it all". The Tribune. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
^ Chima, Jusdep Singh (2010). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. p. 141. ISBN 9788132103028.

[1] "Akal Bunga". The Sikh Encyclopedia. Gateway to Sikhism Foundation. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

[2] At Sarbat Khalsa, hardliners appoint Hawara Akal Takht Jathedar

[3] Dilgeer, Dr. Harjinder Singh. Akal Takht Sahib. Guru Nanak Institute of Sikh Studies. p. 107. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[ATSC&R-4] Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (January 1995). Akal Takht Sahib: Concept and Role (2 ed.). Singh Brothers. ISBN 2-930247-38-X.

[5] Singh, Sukhdayal (1991). Siri Akal Takhat Sahib Sarbat Khalsa Ate Gurmatta. Punjab University, Patiala. p. 3. Retrieved 24 October 2016.

[J7T1-6] "Jathedars (7th till 1st)". Shiromani Panth Akali Budha Dal (Panjwan Takhat). Retrieved 20 October 2016.

[7] "Nawab Kapur Singh Virk (1697-1753)". Sikhism History. Sikhism History. Retrieved 18 October 2016.

[8] Nabha, Kahan Singh (13 April 1930). Gur Shabad Ratanakar Mahankosh (1 ed.). Languages Department of Punjab, Patiala. p. ਕਪੂਰ ਸਿੰਘ. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

[9] Nabha, Kahan Singh (13 April 1930). Gur Shabad Ratanakar Mahankosh (1 ed.). Languages Department of Punjab, Patiala. p. ਜੱਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

[10] Bedi, Daljit Singh. "ਸੁਲਤਾਨ-ਉਲ-ਕੌਮ ਜੱਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਆਹਲੂਵਾਲੀਆ ਨੂੰ ਯਾਦ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ..." Ajit Jalandhar. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

[11] "Jathedars (14th till 8th)". Shiromani Panth Akali Budha Dal (Panjwan Takhat). Retrieved 20 October 2016.

[FMP-12] Mittal, Satish Chandra (1997). Freedom Movement in Punjab (1905-29) (1 ed.). Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 149. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[ATSJTJ-13] Singh, Balkar (April 1995). Akal Takht Sahib Jot Te Jugat. Chandigarh: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p. Appendices. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[TAT-14] Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (1980). The Akal Takht. Jalandhar: Punjabi Book Company Jullundur. p. 98. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[TSA-15] Mikhayhu, Alain (2011). Teja Singh Akarpuri. Tempor. ISBN 9786138779568.

[PL-000202-16] Bharti, Mahinder Singh (3 August 1997). Sankep Jeevani Singh Sahib Jathedar Aachar Singh Ji. Bhai Chatar Singh Jiwan Singh. p. 6.

[GPSJ-17] Nirankari, Dr Maan Singh (1900s). Giani Partap Singh Ji. Darbar Printing Press. p. 17.

[MST-18] Anttal, Gurpreet Singh. "ਬਰਸੀ 'ਤੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼-ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੁੜ". Ajit Jalandhar. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

[KSSSG-19] "Kirpal Singh, Singh Sahib Giani". The Sikh Encyclopedia. Retrieved 25 October 2016.

[20] Why a road-safety rule has upset some Sikhs

[chandigarhmetro.com-21] Deep, Ajay. "Jagtar Singh Hawara is the new Akal Takht Jathedar via Sarbat Khalsa". Retrieved 21 October 2016.

[GoL-22] Singh, Harjinder (2011). Game of Love (2 ed.). Walsall: Akaal Publishers. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9780955458712.

[MoS-23] Walia, Varinder. "'Misdeeds' of stalwarts during militancy Amritsar ex-DC reveals it all". The Tribune. Retrieved 6 November 2016.

[SSI-24] Chima, Jusdep Singh (2010). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. p. 141. ISBN 9788132103028.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox official post
-| post                     = [[Jathedar]]
+| post                     = Jathedar
 | body                     = Akal Takht
 | native_name              = ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 | imagesize                =
 | alt                      =
 | incumbent                = [[Giani Gurbachan Singh]]
 | acting                   =
 | incumbentsince           = 06 August 2008
 | type                     =
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 | department               =
 | style                    = [[Sardar]] <br /> Bhai Sahib  <br/> [[Jathedar|Honorable Jathedar]]<br /> <small>(Formal)</small> <br/> Singh Sahib <br /> <small>(Formal)</small>
 | member_of                =
 | reports_to               = [[Sikhs]]
 | residence                =
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 | website                  =
 }}
-{{Sikhism sidebar}}
 The '''[[Jathedar]] of Akal Takht''' ({{lang-pa|ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ}}), is the appointed head of [[Akal Takht]] and the [[Sikh]]s of the world. [[Sikh]] clergy consists of five [[Jathedar]]s, one each from five [[Takht (Sikhism)|Takhts]].
@@ Line 53: / Line 52: @@
 Since 1920, Jathedars of Akal Takht are appointed by [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC), an elected body of the Sikhs sometimes called "Parliament of Sikhs".
-A [[Sarbat Khalsa]] convened by radical Sikh organisations in 2015 appointed [[Jagtar Singh Hawara]] as the jathedar of Akal Takht. [[SGPC]] President [[Avtar Singh Makkar]] however stated that its convening was against the principles of Sikhism and its decisions were null and void. He added that the removal of jathedars came under [[Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925]] and no one could challenge the SGPC's authority.<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/at-sarbat-khalsa-hardliners-appoint-hawara-akal-takht-jathedar/156857.html At Sarbat Khalsa, hardliners appoint Hawara Akal Takht Jathedar]</ref>
+A [[Sarbat Khalsa]] convened by Sikh organisations in 2015 appointed [[Jagtar Singh Hawara]] as the  of Akal Takht. [[SGPC]]  Avtar Singh Makkar however   convening  against the principles of Sikhism and  decisions null and void. He added that the removal of  came under [[Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925]] and no one could challenge the SGPC's authority.<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/at-sarbat-khalsa-hardliners-appoint-hawara-akal-takht-jathedar/156857.html At Sarbat Khalsa, hardliners appoint Hawara Akal Takht Jathedar]</ref>
 ==List==
@@ Line 387: / Line 386: @@
 | Incubment
 |<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-a-road-safety-rule-has-upset-some-sikhs-5283799/ Why a road-safety rule has upset some Sikhs]</ref>
-|-
+|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
-!colspan=9| ' ''Vice Jathedars of Akal Takht'''
+! style="background:#FF9933;"|
+! 31
+| align="center"|[[Jagtar Singh Hawara]] <br>{{small|(born 1973)}}
+|
+| [[Sarbat Khalsa]]
+| {{small|10 November}}<br>2015
+| Incumbent
+| <ref name=chandigarhmetro.com>{{cite web|last1=Deep|first1=Ajay|title=Jagtar Singh Hawara is the new Akal Takht Jathedar via Sarbat Khalsa|url=http://chandigarhmetro.com/jagtar-singh-hawara-new-akal-takth-jathedar-sarbat-khalsa-2015/|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref>
+|-
+!colspan=9| '''Vice Jathedars of Akal Takht'''
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#3198FF;"|
@@ Line 428: / Line 437: @@
 ! style="background:#3198FF;"|
 ! 5
-| align="center"|[[Professor Darshan Singh|Darshan Singh]]<br>{{small|(born 1940)}}
+| align="center"|Darshan Singh<br>{{small|(born 1940)}}
 |
 | [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]]
@@ Line 434: / Line 443: @@
 | {{small|9 March}}<br>1988
 | <ref name="MoS" /><br /><ref name="GoL" /><br /><ref name="SSI">{{cite book|last1=Chima|first1=Jusdep Singh|title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India|date=2010|publisher=SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788132103028|page=141}}</ref>
+|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
+! style="background:#FF9933;"|
+! 6
+| align="center"|Dhian Singh Mand<br>{{small|}}
+|
+| [[Sarbat Khalsa]]
+| {{small|10 November}}<br>2015
+| Incumbent
+| <ref name=chandigarhmetro.com>{{cite web|last1=Deep|first1=Ajay|title=Jagtar Singh Hawara is the new Akal Takht Jathedar via Sarbat Khalsa|url=http://chandigarhmetro.com/jagtar-singh-hawara-new-akal-takth-jathedar-sarbat-khalsa-2015/|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref>
 |}