List of political parties in Canada

Federal parties

In contrast with the political party systems of many nations, Canadian parties at the federal level are often only loosely connected with parties at the provincial level, despite having similar names. One exception is the New Democratic Party. The NDP is organizationally integrated, with most of its provincial counterparts including a shared membership excluding Quebec.

Provincial and territorial parties

Alberta

British Columbia

Prior to 1903, there was no strong party discipline in the province, and governments rarely lasted more than two years as independent-minded members changed allegiances. MLAs were elected under a myriad of party labels many as Independents, and no one party held strong majorities. The first party government, in 1903, was Conservative. And disciplined party caucuses have been the backbone of BC provincial politics ever since. A list of political parties currently registered with Elections BC can be found at the Elections BC website.^[1]

Manitoba

New Brunswick

Newfoundland and Labrador

Northwest Territories

From approximately 1897 to 1905, political parties were active; however, legislative government was eliminated when the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created out of the heavily populated area of Northwest Territories (NWT). Elected legislative government was re-established in 1951. Like Nunavut, NWT elects independent candidates and operates by consensus. Some candidates in recent years have asserted that they were running on behalf of a party, but territorial law does not recognize parties.

Historical parties 1897–1905

Nova Scotia

Nunavut

The territory, established in 1999, has a legislature that runs on a consensus government model. The members of the unicameral Legislative Assembly of Nunavut are elected individually; there are no parties and the legislature is consensus-based.^[2]

Ontario

Prince Edward Island

Quebec

Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan elections have historically included candidates running as Independents, sometimes in coalitions or with affiliations to existing parties.^[3]

Yukon

Municipal parties

The majority of municipal politics in Canada are non-partisan, but the municipal governments of Vancouver and Montreal operate on a party system.

Burnaby

Burnaby Citizens Association – 4
Burnaby Green Party – 1

There are four independents.

Montreal

Montreal is one of the rare examples of a city with municipal political parties in Canada (they also exist in Vancouver).^[4] Political parties were legalized in Quebec by the PQ government in power in 1978. However, they existed long before official recognition by the provincial government.^[5]

Surrey

Safe Surrey Coalition – 5
Surrey First – 4

Vancouver

Vancouver is one of two major cities in Canada to have political parties at the municipal level, the other being Montreal.^[6] Municipal politics in Vancouver were historically dominated by the centre-right Non-Partisan Association, a "free enterprise coalition" originally established to oppose the influence of the democratic socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.^[7] Following the 2008 municipal election, the social democratic Vision Vancouver became the dominant party in city politics for 10 years until its defeat in the 2018 election.^[8]^[9]

References

^ "Elections BC website". Archived from the original on 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
^ CBC Digital Archives (2006). "On the Nunavut Campaign Trail". CBC News. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
^ Leeson, Howard A., ed. (2001). Saskatchewan Politics: Into the Twenty-First Century. Regina, Saskatchewan: Canadian Plains Research Centre, University of Regina. pp. 407–410 (Appendix A: Electoral Results, Saskatchewan 1905–1999). ISBN 0889771316.
^ pp.70, Caroline Andrew, "Electing a Diverse Canada", UBC Press (2009), ISBN 0-7748-1486-1
^ Carolle Simard, "Political Representation of Minorities in the City of Montreal"
^ Andrew, Caroline; Biles, John; Siemiatycki, Myer; Tolley, Erin, eds. (2008). Electing a Diverse Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7748-1485-0.
^ Miller, Fern (1975). "Vancouver Civic Political Parties: Developing a Model of Party-system Change and Stabilization". BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly. Spring 1975 (25): 3–31.
^ Mickleburgh, Rod (November 21, 2008). "Once-dominant NPA sent packing to political wilderness". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
^ Smith, Charlie (October 20, 2018). "Even after the slaughter of Vision Vancouver, the greenest city agenda may remain intact". The Georgia Straight. Retrieved October 21, 2018.

[1] "Elections BC website". Archived from the original on 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2009-01-29.

[2] CBC Digital Archives (2006). "On the Nunavut Campaign Trail". CBC News. Retrieved April 26, 2007.

[3] Leeson, Howard A., ed. (2001). Saskatchewan Politics: Into the Twenty-First Century. Regina, Saskatchewan: Canadian Plains Research Centre, University of Regina. pp. 407–410 (Appendix A: Electoral Results, Saskatchewan 1905–1999). ISBN 0889771316.

[4] .70, Caroline Andrew, "Electing a Diverse Canada", UBC Press (2009), ISBN 0-7748-1486-1

[CarolleSimard-5] Carolle Simard, "Political Representation of Minorities in the City of Montreal"

[6] Andrew, Caroline; Biles, John; Siemiatycki, Myer; Tolley, Erin, eds. (2008). Electing a Diverse Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7748-1485-0.

[7] Miller, Fern (1975). "Vancouver Civic Political Parties: Developing a Model of Party-system Change and Stabilization". BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly. Spring 1975 (25): 3–31.

[8] Mickleburgh, Rod (November 21, 2008). "Once-dominant NPA sent packing to political wilderness". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 11, 2016.

[9] Smith, Charlie (October 20, 2018). "Even after the slaughter of Vision Vancouver, the greenest city agenda may remain intact". The Georgia Straight. Retrieved October 21, 2018.

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