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Nadira Banu Begum

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Nadira Banu Begum (14 March 1618 – 6 June 1659) was a Mughal princess and the wife of Crown Prince Dara Shikoh,[1] the eldest son and heir-apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.[2] After Aurangzeb's rise to power, Dara Shikoh's immediate family and supporters were in danger. Nadira died in 1659, a few months before her husband's execution, and was survived by two sons and a daughter.

Nadira Banu Begum
Shahzadi of the Mughal Empire
This portrait is believed to be of Princess Nadira Banu Begum
Born14 March 1618
Merta, Rajasthan, India
Died6 June 1659(1659-06-06) (aged 41)
Bolan Pass, Balochistan
Burial
Tomb of Nadira Begum, Lahore
Spouses
​
(m. 1633)​
Issue
HouseHouse of Babur
FatherParviz Mirza
MotherJahan Banu Begum
ReligionSunni Islam

Family and lineage

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Nadira Banu Begum was born a Mughal princess and the daughter of Sultan Parvez Mirza,[3][4] the second son of Emperor Jahangir from his wife Sahib-i-Jamal Begum.[5] Her mother, Jahan Banu Begum, was also a Mughal princess and the daughter of Sultan Murad Mirza, the second son of Emperor Akbar.[6] Nadira was a half-cousin of her future husband, Dara Shikoh, as her father was the older half-brother of Shikoh's father, Shah Jahan.[7]

Marriage

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The wedding of Nadira Begum and Dara Shikoh

In 1631 arrangements for the planned wedding of Dara Shikoh and Nadira Begum were halted when Shikoh's mother, Empress Mumtaz Mahal, died while giving birth to her fourteenth child, Gauharara Begum. After the Empress' death, the Mughal Empire plunged into mourning. Shah Jahan was consumed by grief but, after the coaxing of many including his favorite daughter Jahanara Begum, Shah Jahan allowed wedding plans to resume under her oversight.[8]

Begum and Shikoh married on 11 February 1633 at Agra amidst grand celebrations. The nikah ceremony was performed after midnight. Begum and Shikoh were both devoted to each other, and Shikoh never married again.[8]

Begum bore seven children. Two of her four sons were Sulaiman Shikoh (1635) and Sipihr Shikoh (1644). Her daughter Jahanzeb Banu Begum was born after 1644, though the specific date is unknown, was affectionately known as Jani Begum. The others children, two sons, Mumtaz Shikoh and Mihr Shah, and two daughters, Pak-Ni'had Banu Begum and Amal-un-nissa Begum, died all infant before 1659[8]

Nadira Begum wielded great influence in her husband's harem and was granted the right to issue farmans and nishans. This privilege was allowed only to those who held the highest rank in the imperial harem. The only other woman who had this right was her cousin and sister-in-law, Jahanara Begum.[9] The two women are believed to have got on well, a fact which probably sprung from Jahanara’s involvement in Begum's wedding and her closeness to her brother. Jahanara supported Shikoh, among all of her siblings, over Aurangzeb. According to the legend, when Aurangzeb fell sick sometime during his teen years, he called Jahanara to ask her if she would support him in his bid for the crown. She refused. Despite how unpopular this made her in his sight, she went on to become the head of the harem in Aurangzeb’s court.[10][11]

Begum amassed a fine collection of paintings by Shikoh, a patron of the arts who was said to be a fine painter. He gifted these to her, calling her his "dearest and intimate friend."[12] The collection was bound in together in what is now known as the "Dara Shikoh Album", currently held in a museum collection.[13]

Death

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Outside view of Nadira Begum's tomb

Nadira Begum died on 6 June 1659 of dysentery while she was accompanying her husband and family in Bolan Pass, Balochistan. Her death left Shikoh in a frantic state of grief.[14]

Begum's last wish was to be buried in India, so Shikoh sent his deceased wife's corpse for burial in Lahore under guard of his soldiers.[15] The princess' tomb in Lahore was built next to Mian Mir's tomb, who had been the spiritual instructor of Dara Shikoh.[16]

Ancestry

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  • Nadira Banu Begum is a principal character in Indu Sundaresan's historical novel Shadow Princess (2010).
  • Nadira Banu Begum is a character in Ruchir Gupta's historical novel Mistress of the Throne (2014).

References

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  1. ^ Encyclopaedia of Muslim biography : India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. A.P.H. Pub. Corp. 2001. p. 218. ISBN 9788176482349.
  2. ^ Vogel, J. Hutchison, J. Ph (1994). History of the Panjab hill states. New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Services. p. 257. ISBN 9788120609426.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Koch, Ebba (2006). The complete Taj Mahal and the riverfront gardens of Agra. Bookwise (India) Pvt. Ltd. p. 46. ISBN 9788187330141.
  4. ^ Robinson (2005). The empire of the Great Mughals : history, art and culture (Revised ed.). Lahore: Sang-E-Meel Pub. p. 48. ISBN 9781861891853.
  5. ^ Jayyusi, Salma K., ed. (2008). The city in the Islamic world. Leiden [u.a.]: Brill. p. 574. ISBN 9789004171688.
  6. ^ Bhavan's Journal. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 1979. p. 78.
  7. ^ Koch, Ebba (2006). The complete Taj Mahal and the riverfront gardens of Agra. Bookwise (India) Pvt. Ltd. p. 46. ISBN 9788187330141.
  8. ^ a b c Hansen, Waldemar (1972). The Peacock Throne : The Drama of Mogul India (1. Indian ed., repr. ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 121. ISBN 9788120802254.
  9. ^ Misra, Rekha (1967). Women in Mughal India, 1526–1748 A.D. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 67.
  10. ^ Ganeriwal, Yukti (2020-10-19). "The Unconventional Life of Jahanara: A Forgotten Mughal Princess". PRATHA. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
  11. ^ "Jahanara Begum, 1635Jahanara Begum, 1635". MUGHAL LIBRARY. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
  12. ^ India-Myanmar relations, 1886–1948. K.P. Bagchi & Co. p. 165. ISBN 9788170743002.
  13. ^ India-Myanmar relations, 1886-1948. K.P. Bagchi & Co. p. 165. ISBN 9788170743002.
  14. ^ Edwardes, S. M.; Garrett, H. L. O. (1995). Mughal Rule in India. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 96. ISBN 9788171565511.
  15. ^ Bernier, Francois (1996). Travels in the Mogul Empire. Asian Educational Services. p. 103. ISBN 8120611691.
  16. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1963). Gabriel's Wing: A Study Into the Religious Ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal. Brill Archive. p. 9.
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