Lorrain is a language (often referred to as patois) spoken by now a minority of people in Lorraine in France, small parts of Alsace and in Gaume in Belgium.[3] It is a langue d'oïl.
| Lorrain | |
|---|---|
| gaumais | |
| Region | Northeastern France, Belgium |
Early forms | |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | lorr1242 |
 Lorrain, at the east among other oïl languages | |
It is classified as a regional language of France and has the recognised status of a regional language of Wallonia, where it is known as Gaumais.[2] It has been influenced by Lorraine Franconian and Luxembourgish, West Central German languages spoken in nearby or overlapping areas.[citation needed]
Features
editLinguist Stephanie Russo noted the difference of a 'second' imperfect and pluperfect tense between Lorrain and Standard French.[4] It is derived from Latin grammar that is no longer used in modern French.
Variations
editThe Linguasphere Observatory distinguishes seven variants :
- Argonnais (Argonne, Woëvre, eastern French Ardennes, Meuse, Meurthe-et-Moselle)
- Longovician (Longwy, Longuyon, northern Meurthe-et-Moselle)
- Gaumais (arrondissement of Virton, cantons of Montmédy and Stenay in Meuse and the canton of Carignan in Ardennes)
- Messin (Metz, Metzgau and all of French-speaking Moselle)
- Nancéien (Nancy, southern Meurthe-et-Moselle)
- Spinalian (Épinal, central Vosges)
- Deodatian (Saint-Dié, Hautes-Vosges)
After 1870, members of the Stanislas Academy in Nancy noted 132 variants of Lorrain from Thionville in the north to Rupt-sur-Moselle in the south, which means that main variants have sub-variants.
See also
editExternal links
edit- http://www.travelphrases.info/languages/lorrain.htm
- (in French) Essai sur le patois lorrain des environs du comté du Ban de la Roche, Jeremias Jacob Oberlin, 1775
References
edit- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Oil". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-10-08. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
- ^ a b "Le gaumais". Commune de Meix-devant-Virton en Gaume. Archived from the original on 2022-03-20. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
- ^ Séguy, Jean (1973). "LES ATLAS LINGUISTIQUES DE LA FRANCE PAR RÉGIONS". Langue Française. 18 (18): 65–90. doi:10.3406/lfr.1973.5631. ISSN 0023-8368. JSTOR 41557628.
- ^ Russo, Stephanie C. (May 2017). The imparfait lorrain in the context of grammaticalization (Thesis thesis).
