The Hundred Islands National Park is the first Philippine national park and a protected area located in Alaminos, Pangasinan. The islands, totaling 124 at low tide and 123 at high tide, are scattered in Lingayen Gulf covering an area of 16.76 square kilometres (6.47 sq mi). Only four of them had been developed for tourism: Quezon Island (the most developed), Governor Island, Children's Island, and Pilgrimage Island.[1][2]
| Hundred Islands National Park | |
|---|---|
 | |
.svg)  Location in Luzon .svg) Location in the Philippines | |
| Location | Philippines |
| Nearest city | Alaminos, Pangasinan |
| Coordinates | 16°12′N 120°2′E / 16.200°N 120.033°E |
| Area | 1,844 ha (7.12 sq mi) |
| Established | January 18, 1940 |
| Governing body | Department of Environment and Natural Resources |
| www | |
 | |
| Archipelago | Luzon |
| Adjacent to | Lingayen Gulf |
| Total islands | 123–124 |
| Major islands |
|
Geology
edit
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2024) |
The islands are of karst or limestone landscape.[3] The islands are believed to be about two million years old. There are actually ancient corals that extend well inland, in an area previously comprising the seabed of an ancient sea. The lowering of the sea level have exposed them to the surface. The peculiar "mushroom-like" shapes of some of the islands were caused by the eroding action of ocean waves.
History
editThe national park was created by Presidential Proclamation No. 667, covering an area of 16.76 square kilometres (6.47 sq mi) and signed by President Manuel L. Quezon on January 18, 1940, for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of the Philippines and known as the Hundred Islands National Park (HINP).[4] The Republic Act No. 3655 signed on June 22, 1962, created the Hundred Islands Conservation and Development Authority (HICDA), for the conservation, development and management of HINP.[5] The park including Lucap Bay was transferred from HICDA to the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) by virtue of Section 35 of Presidential Decree No. 564 signed by President Ferdinand Marcos on October 2, 1974.[6]
On April 27, 1982, under Proclamation No. 2183, the national park including Lucap Bay and its foreshore areas, beginning from Sitio Telbang to the east to Sitio Recudo to the west, were declared as a Tourist Zone and Marine Reserve under the control and administration of the PTA.[8] Subsequently, under the Presidential Proclamation No. 2237 enacted on November 6, 1982, the parcels of land reserve for the Marine Fisheries Multi-Purpose Farm (created under Proclamation No. 1282 of June 21, 1974) were withdrawn and were also placed under the control and supervision of the Tourism Authority for development purposes.[9]
In 2001, the National Committee on Geological Sciences declared the site as National Geological Monument. Executive Order No. 436 signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on June 21, 2005, transferred the administration, management, maintenance, and operation of the whole Hundred Islands National Park (HINP), including all the activities, facilities, and improvements thereafter, from the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) to the city government of Alaminos, Pangasinan in pursuit of Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, which encouraged the transfer of power and authority from the national government to local government units, in line with the government's devolution program mandated by the Constitution.[10]
Fauna
edit
The vegetation of many of the islands remain intact due to the islands' rugged and inaccessible terrain. Beach forest species, such as Terminalia, and agoho (Casuarina equisetifolia), are most abundant in the islands. Other abundant trees include Molave (Vitex parviflora), malaikmo (Celtis philippensis), and sablot (Litsea glutinosa), commonly found in forests within limestone or karst lanscapes. Some exotic species are also present; among these are the fire tree (Delonix regia), calachuchi (Plumeria acuminata), atis (Annona squamosa), sineguelas (Spondias purpurea), sampaloc (Tamarindus indica), and ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala). Species of legumes (Fabaceae), and figs (Ficus) were also recorded in small islands.[3]
The Sagip Lingayen Gulf Project is a study done in 2010, implemented by the Marine Environment and Resources Foundation Inc. and funded by the Dutch government, in response to the lack of resources on the terrestrial wildlife of the islands. The study assessed and created an inventory of the flora and fauna of the islands to help the city government create an environmental monitoring program to protect the island's biodiversity.[11]
The wildlife in this place includes bird such as the Philippine duck, white-eared brown-dove, Philippine hawk-cuckoo, Philippine coucal, Philippine bulbul, elegant tit, lemon-throated leaf-warbler, and the grey-backed tailorbird; fish such as thresher sharks, angelfish, and butterflyfish; and crustaceans such as ghost crabs and hermit crabs.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ East, Bob (March 8, 2021). Mindoro and Lingayen Liberated: The Deliverance of the Philippines from the Japanese in WWII. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-5275-6725-2. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
- ^ Visperas, Eva (July 9, 2020). "Hundred Islands – for real and in 3-D". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on October 14, 2024. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
- ^ a b Malabrigo Jr., Pastor L.; Bantayan, Nathaniel C.; Eduarte, Gerard T.; Umali, Arthur Glenn A.; Tobias, Adriane B.; Andrada, Rogelio T. II; Tingson, Keshia N.; Gonzalvo, Francis Ian P.; Tiburan Jr., Cristino L. (January 1, 2022). "Plant diversity assessment of karst forest formations in the Hundred Islands National Park". Sylvatrop: The Technical Journal of Philippine Ecosystems and Natural Resources. 32 (2). Department of Environment and Natural Resources: 1, 3, 7–8. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
- ^ "Proclamation No. 667, s. 1941". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. January 18, 1941. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ "Republic Act No. 3655". Senate Legislative Digital Resource. Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ "Presidential Decree No. 564, s. 1974". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. October 2, 1974. Archived from the original on September 3, 2017. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Austria, Hilda (March 29, 2019). "Tourists urged to observe rules of Pangasinan pilgrimage site". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
- ^ "Proclamation No. 2183, s. 1982". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. April 27, 1982. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ "Proclamation No. 2237, s. 1982". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. November 6, 1982. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ "Executive Order No. 436, s. 2005". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. June 21, 2005. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Sotelo, Yolanda (August 18, 2010). "Study finds no frogs in Hundred Islands" Archived August 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Inquirer.net.
External links
edit- Media related to Hundred Islands National Park at Wikimedia Commons
- Hundred Islands National Park – Tourism Philippines
- "Evolution and Lessons from Fisheries and Coastal Management in the Philippines". Fisheries Management: Progress Towards Sustainability (PDF). June 30, 2006. pp. 88–111. doi:10.1002/9780470996072.ch5.
