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Camooweal

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Camooweal is an outback town and locality in the City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia.[2][3] The locality is on the Queensland border with the Northern Territory. In the 2021 census, the locality of Camooweal had a population of 236 people.[1]

Camooweal
Queensland
Post Office Hotel, 2019
Camooweal is located in Queensland
Camooweal
Camooweal
Coordinates19°55′16″S 138°07′10″E / 19.9211°S 138.1194°E / -19.9211; 138.1194 (Camooweal (town centre))
Population236 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density0.02475/km2 (0.06409/sq mi)
Established1884
Postcode(s)4828
Elevation231.2 m (759 ft)
Area9,537.0 km2 (3,682.3 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)City of Mount Isa
State electorate(s)Traeger
Federal division(s)Kennedy
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
32.9 °C
91 °F		 17.7 °C
64 °F		 399.4 mm
15.7 in
Localities around Camooweal:
Northern Territory Lawn Hill Gregory
Northern Territory Camooweal Gunpowder
Northern Territory Barkly Mount Isa (locality)

Geography

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The locality of Camooweal is in north-western in the Gulf Region bounded by the west by the Northern Territory. The town of Camooweal is located in the south-west corner of the locality.[4] The town is 169 kilometres (105 mi) north-west of the city of Mount Isa and 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the Northern Territory border.

The Barkly Highway enters the locality from the south (Barkly), passes from east to west through the town centre (where it is known as Barkly Street) and then exits to the west (Northern Territory).[4]

 
Crossing the bridge over the waterless Georgina River on the Barkly High heading west out of Camooweal, 2019

The Georgina River enters the locality from the west (Northern Territory), passes to the immediate west of the town and then exits to south of the locality (Barkly). Lake Francis (19°55′38″S 138°06′58″E / 19.9272°S 138.1161°E / -19.9272; 138.1161 (Lake Francis)) and Lake Canellan (19°56′55″S 138°06′26″E / 19.9486°S 138.1072°E / -19.9486; 138.1072 (Lake Canellan)) are both on the Georgina River and lie to the south-east of the town.[5][6] Lake Mary (19°52′00″S 138°06′00″E / 19.8666°S 138.1°E / -19.8666; 138.1 (Lake Mary)) is another lake on the river 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north-west of town.[7]

The locality is a drainage divide running from the north-west to the south-east of the locality. The watercourses in the north and east of the locality are tributaries of the Nicholson River which flows into the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north. Gulf drainage Whereas the watercourses in the south and west of the locality are tributaries of the Georgina River which is part of the Lake Eyre drainage basin.[4]

Camooweal has the following mountains:

The Camooweal Caves National Park (20°01′04″S 138°11′28″E / 20.0178°S 138.1911°E / -20.0178; 138.1911 (Camooweal Caves National Park)) is a 13,800-hectare (34,000-acre) protected area in the south-west of the locality to the south-east of the town.[4][11] Crater of Caves is an area (20°03′00″S 138°11′00″E / 20.05°S 138.1833°E / -20.05; 138.1833 (Crater of Caves)) within the park.[12] Cavern is another area with caves but outside of the national park (19°49′00″S 138°05′00″E / 19.8166°S 138.0833°E / -19.8166; 138.0833 (Cavern)).[13]

Apart from the national park, the predominant land use in the locality is grazing on native vegetation.[4]

History

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The area was originally inhabited by the Indjilandji Indigenous Australians.[14][15]

William Landsborough in 1861 named the Barkly Tablelands after the Governor of Victoria, His Excellency, Sir Henry Barkly. He also named Lake Francis after his niece Frances Landsborough.[5] The first Britisher to attempt to colonise the area was George Sutherland, who took up the Rocklands lease in 1865. Sutherland arrived at Lake Mary on the Georgina River with 8,000 sheep, which caused the Aboriginal people, who were sleeping at time, to run. Sutherland was attacked by them on several occasions in the following months. When fellow colonists William Lyne and Henry Steiglitz arrived on the river, Sutherland "deemed it fully time to make a raid and drive them [the Aboriginal people] back." One of the group fired a shot, hitting a group of boomerangs which scared the Aboriginal people into fleeing.[16] Stock losses to the local dingos and wedge-tailed eagles; lack of water and isolation soon forced him to abandon his lease. The Englishmen Benjamin Crosthwaite and William Tetley, who were marginally more successful, took up the lease again in 1876.

The origin of the town's name is uncertain. One theory is that it take its name from surveyor George Telford Weale, who surveyed the area using camels in the early 1880s.[17][18][19] Another theory is that it is an Aboriginal word meaning strong wind.[2]

The initial town was gazetted in 1884 to be built on a 4-square-mile (10 km2) plot by Lake Francis. A year later the present site was re-gazetted. The Rocklands Post Office was removed and Camooweal Post Office opened on 27 April 1885.[20][21] A police station opened in 1886.

Camooweal Provisional School opened on 5 June 1893. On 1 Jan 1909 it became Camooweal State School.[22]

The town bore was drilled in 1897.

On 2 January 1931, a Qantas Air Ambulance from the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia flown by E.G. Donaldson rescued a man in Camooweal and delivered him to Brisbane.

 
Convoys of Australian Army vehicles at Camooweal, travelling along the Barkly Highway, 2019

The road through Camooweal to the Northern Territory (now the Barkly Highway) was the inland defence route for World War II. This road was built by army engineers and carried over 1000 vehicles a day and there are numerous historical sites marked along the road.

The town had electricity from 1952.

 
Plaque commemorating the opening of St Therese's Catholic Church on 30 April 1961

St Therese's Catholic Church was officially opened on 30 April 1961 by Hugh Edward Ryan, Bishop of Townsville.[23]

The Camooweal Caves National Park was gazetted on 16 December 1994.[11]

 
Driving across the Georgina River Bridge from Camooweal looking south towards the old bridge below, 2019

Given the economic importance of transport on the Barkly Highway (the only sealed road between Queensland and the Northern Territory), a longstanding problem was the flooding of the Georgina River at Camooweal. During floods, the Barkly Highway bridge over the Georgina River was often unusable for many days, with road trains and other heavy vehicles having to wait weeks before it was safe to cross. To alleviate these problems, the new Georgina River Bridge was officially opened on 20 December 2002 by Senator Ron Boswell and Steve Breadhauer, Minister for Transport in the Queensland Government. It replaced the previous bridge which was approximately 50 metres (160 ft) south and was both higher and longer so traffic on the highway could continue to cross during floods. The bridge is 417 metres (1,368 ft) long and is accompanied by a 5.6-kilometre (3.5 mi) highway deviation west from Camooweal. The bridge uses an unusual arch design to avoid placing pylons into the river bed which is culturally significant to the local Dugalunji people, who call the new bridge Ilaga Thuwani meaning The Camping Ground of the Rainbow Serpent.[24][25][26][27]

In 2005 the Mount Isa City Council erected a war memorial outside the community hall (former shire hall of the Shire of Barkly Tableland).[28]

Demographics

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In the 2011 census, the locality of Camooweal had a population of 187 people.[29]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Camooweal had a population of 208 people.[30]

In the 2021 census, the locality of Camooweal had a population of 236 people.[1]

Heritage listings

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Camooweal has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Education

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Camooweal State School, 2019

Camooweal State School is a government primary (Early Childhood to Year 6) school for boys and girls at Nowranie Street (19°55′08″S 138°07′13″E / 19.9188°S 138.1203°E / -19.9188; 138.1203 (Camooweal State School)).[35][36] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 31 students with 3 teachers and 5 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent).[37]

There are no secondary schools within reach of the locality (the nearest is Spinifex State College in Mount Isa). The options are distance education and boarding school. Spinifex State College has boarding facilities.[4][38]

Economy

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There are a number of homesteads in the locality, including:[39]

Transport

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Camooweal Airport, 2019

Camooweal Airport serves the town and is just to the north-east of the town (19°54′53″S 138°07′31″E / 19.9146°S 138.1252°E / -19.9146; 138.1252 (Camooweal Airport)).[40]

There are numerous airstrips in the locality including:

Facilities

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Police station, 2019

Camooweal Police Station is at 40 Nowranie Street (19°55′11″S 138°07′14″E / 19.9197°S 138.1205°E / -19.9197; 138.1205 (Camooweal Police Station)).[42][43]

Camooweal Volunteer Rural Fire Service and SES Facility is at 21 Barkly Street (19°55′19″S 138°07′17″E / 19.9219°S 138.1214°E / -19.9219; 138.1214 (Camooweal RFS and SES Facility)).[42]

Camooweal Primary Health Care Clinic and ambulance station is at 52–60 Morrison Street (19°55′06″S 138°07′19″E / 19.9182°S 138.1220°E / -19.9182; 138.1220 (Camooweal health centre and ambulance station)).[42][44][45][46]

 
Camooweal Cemetery, 2019

Camooweal Cemetery is at the end of Cemetery Road, east of the airport (19°54′51″S 138°07′47″E / 19.9142°S 138.1298°E / -19.9142; 138.1298 (Camooweal Cemetery)). It is operated by the Mount Isa City Council.[47]

Amenities

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St Therese's Catholic Church, 2019

St Theresa's Catholic Church is at 31 Nowranie Street (19°55′13″S 138°07′12″E / 19.9204°S 138.1199°E / -19.9204; 138.1199 (St Therese's Catholic Church)).[48] It is part of the Good Shepherd Catholic Parish in Mount Isa.[49]

 
Camooweal post office, 2019

Camooweal Post Office is at 29 Barkly Street (19°55′18″S 138°07′14″E / 19.9217°S 138.1206°E / -19.9217; 138.1206 (Camooweal Post Office)).[50]

The Post Office Hotel Motel and Caravan Park at 39 Barkly Street (19°55′18″S 138°07′11″E / 19.9216°S 138.1198°E / -19.9216; 138.1198 (Post Office Hotel Motel and Caravan Park)) provides accommodation, food and drink.

There are a number of parks in the area:

Along the main road (the Barkly Highway) there are several caravan stops or van parks which will take mobile homes and tents.

Attractions

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Statue of a drover on horseback, 2019

The Drover's Camp is a museum celebrating the contribution of drovers. It is just off the Barkly Highway about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of the town at 56 Beaumont Street (19°55′18″S 138°08′00″E / 19.9216°S 138.1332°E / -19.9216; 138.1332 (Drover's Camp)).[52]

Events

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The Drover's Camp Festival is held annually in August. It was not held in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[52]

There are regular rodeos, gymkhanas, campdrafting and horse racing events held most years.

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Australian country musician Slim Dusty recorded a song written by David Kirkpatrick and Alex "Mack" Cormack entitled simply The Ballad of Camooweal which features this town.[53]

Climate

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Climate data for Camooweal (Camooweal Township 1891-2016)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 46.0
(114.8) 		45.5
(113.9) 		42.8
(109.0) 		40.0
(104.0) 		38.4
(101.1) 		35.6
(96.1) 		35.7
(96.3) 		37.3
(99.1) 		41.0
(105.8) 		44.0
(111.2) 		44.5
(112.1) 		46.6
(115.9) 		46.6
(115.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 37.3
(99.1) 		36.3
(97.3) 		35.3
(95.5) 		33.0
(91.4) 		29.0
(84.2) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.8
(78.4) 		28.4
(83.1) 		32.4
(90.3) 		35.8
(96.4) 		37.6
(99.7) 		38.0
(100.4) 		32.9
(91.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 24.3
(75.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		21.8
(71.2) 		18.0
(64.4) 		13.5
(56.3) 		9.9
(49.8) 		8.8
(47.8) 		10.9
(51.6) 		15.2
(59.4) 		19.5
(67.1) 		22.4
(72.3) 		23.8
(74.8) 		17.7
(63.9)
Record low °C (°F) 13.5
(56.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		10.0
(50.0) 		4.4
(39.9) 		2.4
(36.3) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		0.0
(32.0) 		3.9
(39.0) 		5.7
(42.3) 		11.4
(52.5) 		14.4
(57.9) 		−2.2
(28.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 98.8
(3.89) 		93.0
(3.66) 		55.5
(2.19) 		14.2
(0.56) 		10.9
(0.43) 		10.0
(0.39) 		5.5
(0.22) 		3.0
(0.12) 		6.5
(0.26) 		13.7
(0.54) 		29.3
(1.15) 		62.9
(2.48) 		403.3
(15.89)
Average rainy days 8.4 8.2 5.4 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.5 1.2 2.6 4.4 6.4 42
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology[54]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Camooweal (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 9 February 2023.  
  2. ^ a b "Camooweal – town in City of Mount Isa (entry 5880)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Camooweal – locality in City of Mount Isa (entry 42312)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Lake Francis – lake in City of Mount Isa (entry 13135)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  6. ^ "Lake Cannelan – lake in the City of Mount Isa (entry 6045)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  7. ^ "Lake Mary – lake in City of Mount Isa (entry 21158)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Mountain peaks and capes – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Dog Tooth – mountain in Mount Isa City (entry 10262)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  10. ^ "Quality Knobs – mountain in Mount Isa City (entry 27737)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  11. ^ a b "Camooweal Caves National Park – national park in City of Mount Isa (entry 39400)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  12. ^ "Crater of Caves – locality unbounded in City of Mount Isa (entry 8693)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  13. ^ "Cavern – locality unbounded in City of Mount Isa (entry 6682)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  14. ^ Roberts, Tony Frontier Justice: A history of the Gulf Country to 1900, UQP, 2005, p 3, ISBN 978-0-7022-3361-6
  15. ^ "Bridge project brings new opportunities to the Indjilandji People" (PDF). Talking Native Title in Queensland. March 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 May 2009.
  16. ^ Sutherland, George (1913). Pioneering Days: thrilling incidents across the wilds of Queensland. Brisbane: W.H. Wendt & Co. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  17. ^ "What's in a name? 3 – the Centenary of Federation". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  18. ^ "North-western Reminiscences". The Queenslander. Queensland, Australia. 23 February 1933. p. 4. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020 – via Trove.
  19. ^ Barry, Derek (19 June 2019). "The story of Camooweal". The North West Star. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  20. ^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  21. ^ "The Brisbane Courier". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XXXIX, no. 8, 511. Queensland, Australia. 21 April 1885. p. 5. Retrieved 5 February 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  23. ^ "Our History". Good Shepherd Catholic Parish of Mount Isa. Archived from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  24. ^ Boswell, Ron (9 April 2001). "Expressions of Interest sought for Georgina River Bridge construction". Australian Parliament. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  25. ^ Boswell, Ron (13 June 2002). "Georgina River Bridge underway". Australian Parliament. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  26. ^ TheBeanTeam (22 August 2012). "Ilaga Thuwani Bridge – 2002 – Camooweal, Queensland, Australia – Bridge Date Stones and Plaques on Waymarking.com". waymarking.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  27. ^ Memmott, Paul. "On Generating Culturally Sustainable Enterprises and Demand-Responsive Services in Remote Aboriginal Settings: A case study from north-west Queensland". Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies II. Australian National University. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  28. ^ "Camooweal War Memorial". Queensland War Memorials Register. 23 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  29. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Camooweal (SSC)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 7 July 2024.  
  30. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Camooweal (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.  
  31. ^ "Community Hall, Camooweal (entry 600740)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  32. ^ "Freckleton's Stores (entry 600739)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  33. ^ "Tree of Knowledge (entry 600738)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  34. ^ "Hodgkinson's Marked Tree (entry 600741)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  35. ^ "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  36. ^ "Camooweal State School". Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  37. ^ "ACARA School Profile 2018". Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  38. ^ "Spinifex State College Mount Isa Residential Campus" (PDF). Spinifex State College. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  39. ^ "Homesteads – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Airports – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 22 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Heliports and landing grounds – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 22 October 2020. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  42. ^ a b c "Emergency services facilities – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  43. ^ "Camooweal Police Station". Queensland Police. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  44. ^ "Landmark Areas – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  45. ^ "Camooweal Primary Health Care Clinic". Queensland Health. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  46. ^ "Contacts". Queensland Ambulance Service. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  47. ^ "Cemetery Areas – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  48. ^ "Building points – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  49. ^ "Good Shepherd Parish – Mount Isa". Roman Catholic Diocese of Townsville. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  50. ^ "Camooweal Post Office". Australia Post. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  51. ^ a b "Land for public recreation – Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 22 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  52. ^ a b "Home Page". Drovers Camp. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  53. ^ "Camooweal: Slim Dusty". musixmatch. 5 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  54. ^ "Climate statistics for Camooweal". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

Further reading

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