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Palaeoenvironments of the Continental Intercalaire fossil from the Late Cretaceous (Barremian-Albian) in North Africa: a case study of southern Tunisia

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Abstract

Through the Late Cretaceous, the southern shore of the Tethys Ocean migrated north and south over short distances. These vicissitudes are documented in the Continental Intercalaire, a long series of mainly non-marine sediments deposited in which dinosaur or other reptiles tracks and floral fossils are common across southern Tunisia (North Africa). A combined taxonomic, climatological, and palaentological studies provides independent lines of evidence for reconstruction of palaeoenvironments. The Bou Hedma/Boulouha and Sidi Aïch/Douiret Formations from southern Tunisia span the later part of the Late Cretaceous. During the Late Cretaceous the Tunisian territory was an archipelago, thus a particularly suitable area for a more detailed study. We investigated the area’s plant palaeo-biogeography, using fossil wood, with information from both a literature survey and investigation of new samples. The presence of fossils at great depths and distances from the present coastline, without signs of abrasion and far from areas of fluvial discharges does indicate that these remains have not been transported from the continent to the shelf, but have been preserved directly on the area that today correspond to the continental shelf. The climate during the accumulation of Barremian-Albian deposits in this region is inferred to have been warm and humid.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was written during a period of field School students of Earth Sciences. Our sincere thanks go to the University of Gabes for granting the access to these field schools. We also would like to thank our colleagues’ structuralist, paleontologist, and sedimentologist of the Sciences Faculty of Gabes and the Institute of water Sciences and Technology of Gabes for his encouragement during the writing process and these advices following the submission in this journal. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the Water, Energy and Environmental Laboratory (Tunisia), University of Engineering and Technology-Taxila (Pakistan), Faculty of Sciences of Marrakech (Morocco), and University Institute of Applied Geosciences, Section Hydrogeology (Germany) without which this contribution would not have been possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Department of Earth Sciences, City Campus Erriadh-Zirig, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia

    Younes Hamed

  2. Water, Energy and Environmental Laboratory (L3E)—School of Engineers, Soukra Street Km 3.5, BP.W, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia

    Younes Hamed & Hamed Ben Dhia

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Taxila, Pakistan

    Samir Anwar Al-Gamal

  4. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe University (former) Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Wassim Ali

  5. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Marrakech (Morocco), Marrakech, Morocco

    Abederazzak Nahid

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Hamed, Y., Al-Gamal, S.A., Ali, W. et al. Palaeoenvironments of the Continental Intercalaire fossil from the Late Cretaceous (Barremian-Albian) in North Africa: a case study of southern Tunisia. Arab J Geosci 7, 1165–1177 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-012-0804-2

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