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The authors of this article are employees of McKinsey & Company, a management consultancy that works with the world's leading biopharmaceutical companies on R&D productivity issues. The analysis in this study was funded by McKinsey's Pharmaceuticals and Medical Products practice and undertaken independently of any other organizations.
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Smietana, K., Siatkowski, M. & Møller, M. Trends in clinical success rates. Nat Rev Drug Discov 15, 379–380 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2016.85
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2016.85