File:Genes and pathways associated with targeted drugs for NSCLC.webp

English: Figure 1. Genes and pathways associated with targeted drugs for NSCLC. Four critical signaling pathways include JAK-STAT, MAPK, PLC-gamma (phospho-lipase C gamma), and PI3K-AKT. These pathways are well-known controllers of cell cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis/cell survival; deregulation is a frequent characteristic of human malignancies. Alterations in key pathways will affect DNA methylation modifications, such as increased DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and decreased the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs), further allowing overexpression of mesenchymal homology box 2 (MEOX2), whose expression is negatively correlated with patient survival. Additionally, post-translational histone modifications were affected. As shown in the figure, histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs, also known as lysine deacetylases or KDACs), the lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and lysine demethylases (KDMs) undergo corresponding up- or downregulation, affecting the expression of P21, P53, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), and other related proteins that are closely related to the cell cycle. Non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and miRNAs, are produced as a result of abnormal transcription. The lncRNA is a brand-new class of regulatory RNA. The LncRNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), an oncogene in NSCLC, is one of the significant factors controlling the growth of malignancies. Unknown are the immunomodulatory pathway and probable molecular mechanism involved in NSCLC. Notably, the graphic labels current FDA-approved medications that target EGFR, ALK, MET, RET, VEGF, NTRK, ROS1, KRAS, and BRAF.