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[[Datoteka:Mussolini_and_Hitler_1940_(retouched).jpg|mini|343x343piksel| [[Benito Mussolini|Benito Musolini]] (lijevo) i [[Adolf Hitler]] (desno), vođe [[Fašistička Italija (1922–1943)|fašističke Italije]] i [[Treći rajh|nacističke Njemačke]], obojica su bili fašisti.]]
'''Fašizam''' je oblik [[Daleko desno|krajnje desnice]], [[Autoritarno|autoritarni]] [[ultranacionalizam]] <ref>{{harvp|Turner|1975|p=162}}: "... goals of radical and authoritarian nationalism."; {{harvp|Larsen|Hagtvet|Myklebust|1984|p=424}}: "... organized form of integrative radical nationalist authoritarianism."; {{harvp|Paxton|2004|pp=32, 45, 173}}; {{harvp|Nolte|1965|p=300}} </ref> odlikuje diktatorske vlasti, prisilno suzbijanje opozicije, i jak ustrojiti društva i ekonomije,  koji je stupio do izražaja u Evropi ranog 20. vijeka.  Prvi fašistički pokreti [[talijanski fašizam|nastali su u Italiji]] tokom [[Prvi svjetski rat|Prvog svjetskog rata]], prije nego što su se [[Fašizam u Evropi|proširili na druge evropske zemlje]].<ref name="RoutledgeCompanion" /> Za razliku od [[Anarhizam|anarhizma]], [[Demokratija|demokratije]], [[Liberalizam|liberalizma]] i [[Marksizam|marksizma]], fašizam je postavljen na krajnje [[Desno|desničare]] unutar tradicionalnog [[Lijevo-desno spektra|lijevo-desnog spektra]].<ref name="RoutledgeCompanion" /> 

Fašisti su Prvi svjetski rat vidjeli kao [[Revolucija|revoluciju]] koja je donijela velike promjene u prirodi rata, društvu, državi i tehnologiji. Dolazak [[Totalni rat|totalnog rata]] i totalna masovna mobilizacija društva srušili su razliku između civila i boraca. Nastalo je vojno državljanstvo u kojem su svi građani na neki način bili uključeni u vojsku tokom rata.{{sfnmp|Blamires|2006|1pp=140–141, 670|Mann|2004|2p=65}} Rat je doveo do uspona moćne države sposobne da mobiliše milione ljudi da služe na linijama fronta i da obezbijedi ekonomsku proizvodnju i logistiku za njihovu podršku, kao i da ima neviđen autoritet da interveniše u živote građana.{{sfnmp|Blamires|2006|1pp=140–141, 670|Mann|2004|2p=65}}


Fašisti smatraju da je [[liberalna demokratija]] zastarjela i smatraju da je potpuna mobilizacija društva u [[Totalitarizam|totalitarnoj]] [[jednopartijska država|jednopartijskoj državi]] neophodna da bi se nacija pripremila za oružani sukob i efikasno odgovorila na ekonomske poteškoće.{{Sfnp|Horne|2002}} Fašističku državu predvode jak vođa (kao što je [[diktator]]) i [[Vojno stanje|vlada vanrednog]] stanja sastavljena od članova vladajuće fašističke partije kako bi se stvorilo nacionalno jedinstvo i održalo stabilno i uređeno društvo.{{Sfnp|Horne|2002}} Fašizam odbacuje tvrdnje da je nasilje automatski negativne prirode i gleda na [[imperijalizam]], političko nasilje i rat kao na sredstva koja mogu postići nacionalno podmlađivanje.{{sfnmp|Grčić|2000|1p=120 |2a1=Griffin|2a2=Feldman|2y=2004c|2p=185 |Spielvogel|2012|3p=935 |Payne|1995|4p=106}} Fašisti zagovaraju [[Mješovita ekonomija|mješovitu ekonomiju]], s glavnim ciljem postizanja [[Autarkija|autarkije]] (nacionalne ekonomske samodovoljnosti) kroz [[Protekcionizam|protekcionističku]] i [[Intervencionizam|ekonomsku intervencionističku]] politiku.{{Sfnp|Blamires|2006}} Ekstremni autoritarizam i nacionalizam fašizma često manifestira vjeru u [[Rasna čistoća|rasnu čistoću]] ili [[Master race|rasu gospodara]], obično sintetiziranu s nekom varijantom [[Rasizam|rasizma]] ili [[Predrasuda|netrpeljivosti]] prema demoniziranom „[[ostalo (filozofija)|Drugom]]“; ideja rasne čistoće motivisala je fašističke režime da počine [[Masakr|masakre]], [[prisilne sterilizacije]], [[Genocid|genocide]], [[Masovno ubijanje|masovna ubistva]] ili prisilne [[Deportacija|deportacije]] protiv "drugog".{{sfnmp|1a1=Kallis|1y=2011|2a1=Paxton|2y=1998|3a1=Lancaster|3y=2011}}

Od kraja [[Drugi svjetski rat|Drugog svjetskog rata]] 1945., nekoliko stranaka se otvoreno opisalo kao ''fašističke'', a umjesto toga, politički protivnici taj izraz sada obično pežorativno koriste. Opisi ''[[Neofašistički|neofašističkih]]'' ili ''postfašističkih'' ponekad se formalnije primjenjuju kako bi se opisali suvremene stranke krajnje desnice s ideologijama sličnim fašističkim pokretima 20. stoljeća ili ukorijenjene u njima. <ref name="RoutledgeCompanion">{{Harvp|Davies|Lynch|2002}}</ref> {{Sfn|Enciclopedia Italiana ''Neofascismo''}}
[[Datoteka:March_on_Rome.jpg|mini| [[Benito Mussolini|Benito Musolini]] sa tri od četiri kvadrumvira tokom Marša na Rim (s lijeva na desno: nepoznat, de Bono, Musolini, Balbo i de Vecchi)]]
[[Datoteka:Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-1486,_Hitler-Putsch,_München,_Marienplatz.jpg|lijevo|mini| Nacisti u Minhenu tokom [[Hitlerov puč|puča u pivnici]]]]
[[Datoteka:SaudacaoIntegralista1935.jpg|mini| Integralisti marširaju u Brazilu]]
[[Datoteka:Inmate_at_the_Rab_concentration_camp.jpg|lijevo|mini| [[Emaciation|Mršavi]] zatvorenik u talijanskom [[Koncentracioni logor Rab|koncentracionom logoru Rab]]]]
[[Datoteka:Buchenwald_Corpses_60623.jpg|mini| Leševi žrtava njemačkog [[Koncentracioni logor Buchenwald|koncentracionog logora Buchenwald]]]]
[[Datoteka:Juan_Peron_con_banda_de_presidente.jpg|mini| [[Juan Perón|Huan Perón]], predsjednik Argentine od 1946. do 1955. i 1973. do 1974., divio se [[talijanski fašizam|italijanskom fašizmu]] i modelirao je svoju ekonomsku politiku na osnovu onih koje je vodila fašistička Italija.]]
[[Datoteka:Golden_Dawn_demonstration_1.jpg|mini| Demonstracije Zlatne zore u Grčkoj 2012|lijevo]]
Ultranacionalizam, u kombinaciji sa mitom o nacionalnom preporodu, ključna je osnova fašizma. {{sfnp|Blamires|2006b|pp=451–453|loc="Nationalism"}} Robert Paxton tvrdi da je "strastveni nacionalizam" osnova fašizma, u kombinaciji sa "konspirativnim i manihejskim pogledom na historiju" koji smatra da je "izabrani narod oslabljen političkim strankama, društvenim klasama, neasimilibilnim manjinama, razmaženim rentijerima i racionalističkim misliocima." {{sfnp|Paxton|2004|p=41}} Roger Griffin identificira srž fašizma kao [[palingenetski]] ultranacionalizam.{{sfnp|Griffin|1991|p=26}}

Fašistički pogled na naciju jeste da je to jedan organski entitet koji povezuje ljude svojim porijeklom i predstavlja prirodnu ujedinjujuću snagu ljudi. {{Sfnp|Zimmer|2003}} Fašizam nastoji riješiti ekonomske, političke i socijalne probleme postizanjem [[Milenarizam|milenarističkog]] nacionalnog preporoda, veličanju nacije ili [[rasa|rase]] iznad svega i promociji kultova jedinstva, snage i čistoće. {{Sfnp|Paxton|2004}}{{Page needed|date=October 2021}} {{Sfnp|Passmore|2002}}{{Page needed|date=October 2021}} {{Sfnp|Griffin|1991}}{{Page needed|date=October 2021}} {{Sfnp|Laqueur|1997}} {{Sfnp|Encyclopedia Britannica ''Fascism''}} Evropski fašistički pokreti tipično zastupaju rasističku koncepciju neevropljana kao inferiornih u odnosu na Evropljane.{{Sfnp|Payne|1995}} Osim toga, fašisti u Evropi nisu imali jedinstven skup rasnih stavova.{{Sfnp|Payne|1995}} Historijski gledano, većina fašista je promovirala imperijalizam, iako je postojalo nekoliko fašističkih pokreta koji nisu bili zainteresovani za nove imperijalne ambicije.{{Sfnp|Payne|1995}} Na primjer, nacizam i talijanski fašizam su bili [[Ekspanzionizam|ekspanzionistički]] i [[Iredentizam|iredentistički]]. Falangizam u Španiji je predviđao ujedinjenje naroda koji govore španski ( [[Hispanidad]] ) širom svijeta. [[britanski fašizam|Britanski fašizam]] je bio [[Neintervencionista|neintervencionistički]], iako je prihvatio Britansko carstvo.
[[Datoteka:Piccole_Italiane.jpg|mini| Članice ''Piccole Italiane'', organizacije za djevojčice u okviru Nacionalne fašističke partije u Italiji|lijevo]]
[[Datoteka:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-04517A,_Potsdam,_Mädchen_in_der_Führerinnenschule.jpg|mini| Članice Lige njemačkih djevojaka, organizacije za djevojčice u okviru Nacističke partije u Njemačkoj]]


== Reference ==

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* {{cite book|last=Gentile|first=Emilio|title=The Struggle for Modernity: Nationalism, Futurism, and Fascism|publisher=Praeger Publishers|year=2003|location=Westport, Connecticut}}

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* {{cite book|last=Gerwarth|first=Robert|title=The Bismarck Myth|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005}}

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* {{cite book|last=Goodwin|first=Matthew J.|title=New British Fascism: Rise of the British National Party|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=978-0-415-46500-7|location=London and New York|author-link=Matthew Goodwin}}

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* {{cite book|title=Fascism: Critical Concepts in Political Science|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=2004|editor-last1=Griffin|editor-first1=Roger|editor-link1=Roger Griffin|editor-last2=Feldman|editor-first2=Matthew|editor-link2=Matthew Feldman (historian)}}

** {{cite book|title=The nature of fascism|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=2004a|editor-last1=Griffin|editor-first1=Roger|editor-link1=Roger Griffin|volume=1|editor-last2=Feldman|editor-first2=Matthew|editor-link2=Matthew Feldman (historian)}}

** {{cite book|title=Fascism and Culture|publisher=Routledge|year=2004c|editor-last1=Griffin|editor-first1=Roger|editor-link1=Roger Griffin|volume=3|location=London and New York|editor-last2=Feldman|editor-first2=Matthew|editor-link2=Matthew Feldman (historian)}}

* {{cite book|last1=Griffin|first1=Roger|title=A Fascist Century|date=2008|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-0-230-20518-5|editor-last1=Feldman|editor-first1=Matthew|location=London, England|oclc=226357121|author-link1=Roger Griffin}}

* {{cite book|last1=Griffin|first1=Roger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uWfaAAAAQBAJ|title=Fascism, Totalitarianism and Political Religion|date=13 September 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-87168-9|language=en}}

* {{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y668AAAACAAJ|title=An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism|publisher=Duckworth|year=2000|isbn=978-0-7156-2918-5}}

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* {{cite book|last=Hewitt|first=Andrew|title=Fascist Modernism: Aesthetics, Politics, and the Avant-Garde|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1993|location=Stanford, California}}

* {{cite book|last=Holmes|first=Douglas R.|title=Integral Europe: Fast-Capitalism, Multiculturalism, Neofascism|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2000|location=Princeton, New Jersey}}

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* {{cite book|last=Hüppauf|first=Bernd-Rüdiger|title=War, Violence, and the Modern Condition|publisher=Walter de Gruyter & Co.|year=1997|location=Berlin}}

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* {{cite book|last=Jablonsky|first=David|title=The Nazi Party in dissolution: Hitler and the Verbotzeit, 1923–1925|publisher=Frank Cass and Company Ltd.|year=1989|location=London; Totowa, NJ}}

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* {{cite book|last=Kallis|first=Aristotle A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BeeRQHDOKXQC|title=Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945|publisher=Routledge|year=2000|isbn=978-0-415-21612-8|location=London}}

* {{cite journal|last=Kallis|first=Aristotle A.|date=April 2003a|title=To Expand or Not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an 'Ideal Fatherland'|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|pages=237–260|doi=10.1177/0022009403038002132|number=2|s2cid=159641856}}

* {{cite book|title=The Fascism Reader|publisher=Routledge|year=2003b|editor-last=Kallis|editor-first=Aristotle|location=London}}

* {{cite book|last=Kallis|first=Aristotle Kallis|title=Genocide and Fascism: The Eliminationist Drive in Fascist Europe|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=978-0-415-89027-4}}

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* {{Cite book|last=Kertzer|first=David I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xc3QAgAAQBAJ|title=The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-871616-7|author-link=David Kertzer}}

* {{cite book|last=Kitchen|first=Martin|title=A History of Modern Germany, 1800–2000|publisher=Blackwell Publishing, Inc.|year=2006|location=Malden, Massaschussetts; Oxford, England; Carlton, Victoria, Australia}}

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* {{cite journal|last=Lancaster|first=Guy|date=26 September 2011|title=Genocide and Fascism: The Eliminationist Drive in Fascist Europe"  |journal=[[Journal of Genocide Research]]|volume=13|issue=3|pages=366–369|doi=10.1080/14623528.2011.595586|s2cid=72839243}}

* {{cite book|last=Laqueur|first=Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2s8OaLD7y_oC&pg=PA341|title=Fascism: A Reader's Guide : Analyses, Interpretations, Bibliography|publisher=University of California Press|year=1978|isbn=978-0-520-03642-0}}

* {{cite book|last=Laqueur|first=Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KM3QCwAAQBAJ|title=Fascism: Past, Present, Future|date=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-802527-6|location=Oxford, England|language=en}}

* {{cite book|title=Who Were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1984  |isbn=978-82-00-05331-6|editor-last1=Larsen|editor-first1=Stein Ugelvik|editor-last2=Hagtvet|editor-first2=Bernt|editor-last3=Myklebust|editor-first3=Jan Petter}}

* {{cite book|last=Lewis|first=Paul H|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z3fgxOPSBb4C&q=Latin+Fascist+Elites  |title=Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group.|year=2002|isbn=978-0-275-97880-8}}

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* {{cite book|last=Millington|first=Chris|title=A History of Fascism in France: From the First World War to the National Front|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2019}} [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55594 online review].

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* {{cite book|last=Mussolini|first=Rachele|title=Mussolini: An Intimate Biography|publisher=Pocket Books|year=1977|location=New York}} Originally published by William Morrow in 1974.

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* {{Cite journal|last=Roel Reyes|first=Stefan|date=17 December 2019|title=Antebellum Palingenetic Ultranationalism: The Case for including the United States in Comparative Fascist Studies|journal=Fascism|language=en|location=Leiden, Netherlands|publisher=[[Brill (publisher) |Brill]]|volume=8|issue=2|pages=307–330|doi=10.1163/22116257-00802005|issn=2211-6257|doi-access=free}}

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* {{cite journal|last=Sauer|first=Wolfgang|date=December 1967|title=National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=73|issue=2|pages=404–424|doi=10.2307/1866167|jstor=1866167}}

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* {{cite magazine|last=Sontag|first=Susan|author-link=Susan Sontag|date=6 February 1975|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1975/02/06/fascinating-fascism/|title=Fascinating Fascism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718114505/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1975/02/06/fascinating-fascism/|archive-date=18 July 2020|magazine=[[The New York Review of Books]]}}

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* {{cite book|last=Sternhell|first=Zeev|title=International Fascism: Theories, Causes and the New Consensus|year=1998|editor-last=Griffin|editor-first=Roger|location=London and New York|chapter=Crisis of Fin-de-siècle Thought}}

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* {{cite book|last=Thomson|first=David|title=Europe Since Napoleon|publisher=Pelican|year=1966|author-link=David Thomson (historian)}}

* {{cite book|last=Tierney|first=Helen|title=Women's studies encyclopedia|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|year=1999  |isbn=978-0-313-31072-0|location=[[Westport, Connecticut]]|oclc=38504469}}

* {{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy Since Unification|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|editor-last=Toniolo|editor-first=Gianni|location=Oxford: UK}}

* {{cite book|last=Turner|first=Henry Ashby|title=Reappraisals of Fascism|publisher=New Viewpoints|year=1975}}

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* {{cite book|last=Vatikiotis|first=Panayiotis J|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mT5DO_cVSfMC|title=Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936–1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas|publisher=Routledge|year=1988|isbn=978-0-7146-4869-9}}

* {{cite book|last=von Lang|first=Jochen|title=The Secretary: Martin Bormann, The Man Who Manipulated Hitler|publisher=Random House|year=1979|location=New York}}

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* {{cite book|last=Weber|first=Eugen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=23jZAAAAMAAJ|title=Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold Company|year=1982|isbn=978-0-89874-444-6|location=New York|author-link=Eugen Weber|orig-year=1964}} Contains chapters on fascist movements in different countries.

* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/webstersnewcolle0000unse|title=Webster's II New College Dictionary|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Reference Books|year=2005|isbn=978-0-618-39601-6|ref={{sfnref|Websters}}|url-access=registration}}

* {{cite book|last=Weiss|first=John|title=The Fascist Tradition: Radical Right-Wing Extremism in Modern Europe|date=1967|publisher=Harper & Row|location=New York City|asin=B0014D2EN8}}

* {{cite book|last1=Weiss-Wendt|first1=Anton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzIWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|title=The Historiography of Genocide|last2=Krieken|first2=Robert|last3=Cave|first3=Alfred A.|publisher=[[Springer (publisher)|Springer]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-230-29778-4|location=New York City|access-date=12 April 2019}}

* {{cite book|last=Welge|first=Jobst|title=Modernism, Volumes 1–2|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing|year=2007|editor-last1=Eysteinsson|editor-first1=Astradur|chapter=Fascist Modernism|editor-last2=Liska|editor-first2=Vivian}}

* {{cite book|last=Williams|first=Roger Lawrence|title=The Mortal Napoleon The Third|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2015|author-link=Roger Lawrence Williams}}

* {{cite journal|last=Wistrich|first=Robert|date=October 1976|title=Leon Trotsky's Theory of Fascism|journal=[[Journal of Contemporary History]]|location=Thousand Oaks, California|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]|volume=11|issue=4|pages=157–184|doi=10.1177/002200947601100409|jstor=260195|s2cid=140420352}}

* {{cite book|last=Woodley|first=Daniel|title=Fascism and Political Theory: Critical Perspectives on Fascist Ideology|publisher=Routledge|year=2010|isbn=978-0-415-47354-5|location=London and New York}}

* {{cite book|last=Woolf|first=Stuart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iaMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA18|title=Fascism in Europe|publisher=Methuen|year=1981|isbn=978-0-416-30240-0|access-date=9 May 2020}}

** {{cite book|last=Woolf|first=Stuart Joseph|title=Fascism in Europe|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1983|edition=3rd}}

* {{cite book|last=Woshinsky|first=Oliver|title=Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|location=Oxford, England; New York|author-link=Oliver H. Woshinsky}}

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* {{cite book|last=Zafirovski|first=Milan|title=Modern Free Society and Its Nemesis: Liberty Versus Conservatism in the New Millennium|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2008}}

* {{cite book|last=Zimmer|first=Oliver|title=Nationalism in Europe, 1890–1940|publisher=Palgrave|year=2003|location=London}}

{{refend}}

==== Tercijarni izvori ====
{{refbegin|30em}}

* {{cite encyclopedia|url=http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9117286|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|title=Fascism|date=8 January 2008|ref={{sfnref|Encyclopedia Britannica ''Fascism''}}}}

* {{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/The-Fascist-era|title=Italy: The Fascist Era|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007022510/https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/The-Fascist-era|archive-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=5 August 2021|ref={{sfnref|Encyclopedia Britannica ''The fascist era''}}}}

* {{cite encyclopedia|title=Volksgemeinschaft|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/fascism/Volksgemeinschaft#ref742146|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|year=2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331074936/https://www.britannica.com/topic/fascism/Volksgemeinschaft#ref742146|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Encyclopedia Britannica ''Volksgemeinschaft''}}}}

* {{cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/neofascismo/|title=Neofascismo|date=31 October 2014|website=Treccani|publisher=Enciclopedia Italiana|language=it|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106235833/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/neofascismo/|archivedate=6 November 2014|url-status=live|accessdate=31 October 2014|ref={{sfnref|Enciclopedia Italiana ''Neofascismo''}}}}

{{refend}}

=== Dalje čitanje ===
{{refbegin|30em}}

* {{cite book|author=Albright, Madeleine|title=Fascism: A Warning|date=2018|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York}}

* {{cite journal|last=Alcalde|first=Ángel|title=The Transnational Consensus: Fascism and Nazism in Current Research|journal=[[Contemporary European History]]|volume=29|pages=1–10|doi=10.1017/S0960777320000089|number=2}}

* {{cite journal|author=Esposito, Fernando|date=August 2017|title=Fascism – Concepts and Theories, version 1|url=http://docupedia.de/zg/Esposito_fascism_v1_en_2017|journal=Docupedia Zeitgeschichte|volume=31}}

* {{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/9/19/17847110/how-fascism-works-donald-trump-jason-stanley|title=How Fascism Works: A Yale philosopher on fascism, truth, and Donald Trump|date=19 September 2018|website=Vox|author=Illing, Sean}}

* {{cite journal|last=McGaughey|first=Ewan|year=2018|title=Fascism-lite in America (or the social ideal of Donald Trump)|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2773217|journal=[[British Journal of American Legal Studies]]|volume=72  |pages=291-315|number=2}}

* {{cite book|last=Riley|first=Dylan|url=https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/civic-foundations-fascism-europe|title=The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe: Italy, Spain and Romania 1870–1945|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|year=2010}}

* {{cite magazine|last=Wiskemann|first=Elizabeth|date=December 1967|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/origins-fascism|title=The Origins of Fascism|magazine=[[History Today]]|volume=17|number=12|pages=812–818}}

{{refend}}

== Vanjski linkovi ==
{{Wiktionary|fascism}}

{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Fascism}}

* [http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm ''The Doctrine of Fascism''] autor Benito Mussolini (1932) {{in lang|en}}

* [http://media.wix.com/ugd/927b40_c1ee26114a4d480cb048f5f96a4cc68f.pdf Authorized translation of Mussolini's "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism" (1933)] (PDF). media.wix.com.

* [[gutenberg:14058|Readings on Fascism and National Socialism by Various – Project Gutenberg]]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130930081524/http://www.themodernword.com/eco/eco_blackshirt.html "Eternal Fascism: Fourteen Ways of Looking at a Blackshirt"] – [[Umberto Eco]]'s list of 14 characteristics of Fascism, originally published 1995.
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