Winterfell

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Winterfell
Castle and regional capital
Ted Nasmith A Song of Ice and Fire Winterfell.jpg
Winterfell by Ted Nasmith ©
Location Westeros, the north
Government House Stark, feudal lord
Ruler Lord Eddard Stark (AGoT)
Lord Ramsay Bolton (ADwD)
Religion Old gods
Founded Age of Heroes
Notable places Great Hall, Great Keep, First Keep, broken tower, godswood, crypt, winter town
The north and the location of Winterfell
The north and the location of Winterfell
Winterfell
The north and the location of Winterfell

Winterfell is the ancestral castle and seat of power of House Stark and is considered to be the capital of the north. It is in the center of the northernmost province of the Seven Kingdoms, on the kingsroad that runs from Storm's End to the Wall. It is situated at the eastern edge of the wolfswood, north of the western branch of the White Knife and Castle Cerwyn. Winterfell is south of the northern mountains and southwest of Long Lake,[1] one hundred leagues (three hundred miles) southeast of Deepwood Motte.[2]

Household

Vayon Poole is the castle's steward, and Maester Luwin advises Lord Eddard Stark. Ser Rodrik Cassel serves as Winterfell's master-at-arms and his nephew Jory Cassel is captain of the House Stark guards. Septon Chayle maintains the castle's sept and Septa Mordane tutors the Stark children. Other servants include the master of horse Hullen, the kennelmaster Farlen, the blacksmith Mikken, the cook Gage,[3] and the brewer Barth.[4]

Layout

See also: Images of Winterfell

Winterfell is a huge castle complex spanning several acres and encircled by two massive granite walls.[4] There is a village outside, the winter town. Winterfell has been built around an ancient godswood and over natural hot springs. The water is piped through walls and chambers to heat them, making Winterfell more comfortable than other castles during the harsh northern winters.[5]

Inside the walls, the complex is composed of dozens of courtyards and small open spaces. Weapons training and practice take place in those yards. The inner ward is a second, much older open space in the castle where archery practice takes place. It is located next to the broken tower. Inside Winterfell stands the inner castle, which contains the Great Keep and the Great Hall. Winterfell's towers and halls have diamond-shaped window panes.[6]

Inner Castle

  • The Great Keep is the innermost castle and stronghold of the castle complex. It was built over natural hot springs to keep it warm.[5] The Great Keep contains bedchambers for House Stark[5] as well as the solar of Lord Eddard Stark.[7] The building is connected to the armory by a covered bridge.[8] From a window on the covered bridge, one can see the entire yard.[9] Beneath the Great Keep are cellars with narrow windows.[10]
  • The Great Hall is used for receiving guests and the place where the household dines together, including the Lord of Winterfell. It is made of grey stone[11] and has wide doors made of oak and iron,[12] which opens to the castle yard, and a rear exit leads to a dimly-lit gallery.[12] Inside it can hold eight long rows of trestle tables, four to each side of the central aisle,[12] and the hall can seat five hundred people.[13] There is a raised platform for noble guests, and the walls are covered with banners.[11] The hall contains the high seat of the old Kings in the North. The seat's cold stone has been polished by the many lords who have sat upon it, and its massive arms are decorated with the carved heads of snarling direwolves.[14][15]

Courtyard and Other Buildings

Fan-made map of Winterfell before A Dance with Dragons. 1.North Gate 2.Broken Tower 3.Glass Gardens 4.Crypts 5.First Keep 6.Godswood 7.Guards Hall 8.East Gate 9.Armory 10.Hunter's Gate 11.Kennels 12.Guest House 13. Bridge between the armory and the Great Keep 14.Great Keep 15.Maester's turret 16.Kitchen 17.Courtyard 18.Bell Tower 19.Library Tower 20.Sept 21.Stables 22.Great Hall 23.Smithy 24.South Gate
  • The First Keep, a squat and round drum tower, is the oldest surviving part of the castle but is no longer in use. Around it lies a lichyard where the Kings of Winter would bury their loyal servants. The keep has gargoyles atop it.[17][6] Maester Kennet determined it was built after the Andals arrived.[18]
  • The broken tower, also known as the Burned Tower, was once the tallest watchtower in Winterfell. Over 140 years ago a lightning strike set it afire and the top third collapsed inward, but no one rebuilt it.[19][20] It stands behind the old inner ward. Crows nest atop the broken tower.[19]
  • The ancient godswood of Winterfell has stood untouched for ten thousand years, with three acres of old packed earth and close-together trees creating a dense canopy, which the castle was built around. At the center of the grove stands an ancient weirwood with a face carved into it, standing over a pool of black water.[16] Across the godswood from the heart tree, beneath the windows of the Guest House, an underground hot spring feeds three small pools, with a moss-covered wall looming above them. The godswood is enclosed by walls, and is accessed by a main iron gate, or smaller wooden ones.
  • The Glass Gardens[21] is a greenhouse heated by the hot springs, which turn it into a place of moist warmth.[5] It is used to grow fruits, vegetables, and flowers.[9][22] The garden has green and yellow glass panes[10] locked in frames.[8]
  • The crypt of Winterfell, located near the First Keep, is where members of House Stark are buried. The underground crypts are long and narrow, with pillars moving two by two along its length. Between pillars stand the sepulchers of the Starks of Winterfell, the likenesses of the dead seated on thrones, with iron swords set before them to keep the restless spirits from wandering, and snarling direwolves at their feet. The crypts are deep under the earth, cavernous and bigger than the complex above ground. They are accessed by a twisting stone stair and a huge ironwood door that lies at a slant to the floor. The stair continues below to older levels where the most ancient Kings in the North are entombed.[23][17][10]
  • The Bell Tower is connected to the rookery by a bridge. The bridge is covered and runs from the fourth floor of the tower to the second floor of the rookery.[6][8]
  • The Library Tower houses the library at Winterfell. A stonework staircase winds about its exterior.[8]
  • The Guards Hall is in line with the Bell Tower, and further back, the First Keep.[6]
  • Winterfell has undercrofts and cellars.[25] The castle also has dungeons,[25] including tower cells.[26]

Walls

Gates of Winterfell by Mariusz Gandzel © Fantasy Flight Games

Winterfell is a huge castle complex spanning several acres, defended by two massive walls of grey granite with a wide moat between them.[4] The outer wall is eighty feet high, while the inner is one hundred feet high.[4] There are guard turrets on the outer wall and more than thirty watch turrets on the crenelated inner walls.

The great main gates[7] have a gatehouse made of two huge crenelated bulwarks which flank the arched gate[8] and a drawbridge that opens into the market square of the winter town.[27][28]

There is a narrow tunnel inside of the inner wall stretching halfway around the castle, allowing travel from the south gate all the way to the north gate without interruption.[19]

  • The Hunter's Gate is close to the kennels and the kitchens. It opens directly onto open fields and the wolfswood, so people can come and go without having to cross through the winter town. It is favored by hunting parties.[4]
  • The East Gate[10] or east gate[29] leads to the kingsroad.[10] The Kingsroad Gate[7] may be another name for the same gate.
  • The Battlements Gate is a small arched postern in the inner wall. It crosses the moat between the walls but does not have a passageway through the outer wall.[7]

Winter Town

The winter town, so called because it is mostly deserted during summer, is where smallfolk gather in winter. It is outside the walls of Winterfell. Its market square is filled with wooden stalls for merchants, and its streets are muddy and lined with rows of houses made from logs and undressed stone. Less than one in five are occupied during the summer, but they fill up when winter arrives.[27] The kingsroad, which runs east of Winterfell,[30] is beyond the winter town.[31] There is an inn in the winter town, the Smoking Log.[27]

History

Older History

Winterfell throne by Marc Simonetti ©

According to legend, Winterfell was built by Brandon the Builder, who was aided by giants,[32] after the Long Night ended eight thousand years ago.[18] Maesters believe it was built in pieces over different eras, since the ancient Starks did not level the ground and plan it as a single structure.[18] Some scholars have suggested there were once linked ringforts where Winterfell now stands.[18]

For most of recorded history Winterfell was the seat of House Stark, the Kings in the North and later Wardens of the North after King Torrhen Stark bent the knee to Aegon the Conqueror and his dragons. During the wars between the Kings of Winter from House Stark and the Red Kings from House Bolton, Winterfell was burned by Kings Royce II and Royce IV Bolton of the Dreadfort before the coming of the Andals to Westeros.[33]

Maester Kennet determined that the First Keep, the oldest surviving part of the castle,[19] was built some time after the Andals came.[18] Winterfell's inner walls were raised approximately two thousand years ago, and the outer walls were built during the reign of King Edrick Snowbeard.[18] The heads of some giants are said to have been displayed on Winterfell's walls.[8]

According to free folk legend, Bael the Bard once entered Winterfell under the guise of a singer named Sygerrik. Leaving behind only a winter rose, Bael supposedly disappeared with the daughter of Lord Brandon Stark after tricking the lord. The daughter eventually reappeared with an infant, a future Lord Stark, the story claiming that they had been hiding in the crypt of Winterfell.[22] The legend is not recorded in the chronicles of Winterfell, however.[18]

Harvest feasts have been hosted in Winterfell.[34]

House Targaryen

The Great Keep by Eric Lofgren © Fantasy Flight Games

King Torrhen Stark called the banners to Winterfell during Aegon's Conquest, but the King Who Knelt eventually submitted to Aegon the Conqueror at the Inn of the Kneeling Man on the Trident.[35] King Aegon I visited Winterfell in 33 AC during the last of his progresses throughout the Seven Kingdoms.[36]

King Jaehaerys I Targaryen and Queen Alysanne Targaryen visited Winterfell in 58 AC. Lord Alaric Stark took Alysanne hunting in the wolfswood and allowed her to explore the castle library. Lord Stark showed Jaehaerys the tomb of his brother, Lord Walton, in the crypts.[37]

Dance of the Dragons

During the Dance of the Dragons, Prince Jacaerys Velaryon visited Winterfell and gained Lord Cregan Stark for the cause of Queen Rhaenyra Targaryen and the blacks. According to Mushroom, Jacaerys slept with Sara Snow and wed her in the castle's godswood, although the fool's story is doubted by Gyldayn. The archmaester is also skeptical of Mushroom's claim that Vermax left a clutch of dragon's eggs at Winterfell.[38]

As the war progressed, Lord Cregan gathered hosts to Winterfell, Barrowton, and White Harbor before marching south toward King's Landing.[39]

After the war ended in 131 AC, blizzards descended on Winterfell. Lord Benjicot Blackwood travelled to Winterfell for the wedding of his aunt, Black Aly, to Lord Stark in the godswood.[40]

Eddard Stark

At the start of Robert's Rebellion, Lord Eddard Stark left the Eyrie and crossed the Mountains of the Moon and the Bite to return to the north, where he raised the northern banners.[41] His younger brother Benjen Stark remained in the castle for the war's duration as the Stark in Winterfell.[42]

Mance Rayder once accompanied Lord Commander Qorgyle in a visit from the Wall to Winterfell to see Lord Eddard.[43] When Alys Karstark was six, her father, Lord Rickard, brought her to Winterfell to meet Eddard's heir, Robb. Alys danced with a courteous Robb and a sullen Jon Snow during the feast.[44] Lord Yohn Royce visited the Starks when his son, Ser Waymar Royce, joined the Night's Watch, and Bronze Yohn defeated Eddard and Ser Rodrik Cassel in the yard.[45] The Cerwyns often visit Winterfell because Castle Cerwyn is only half a day away.[34][46]

Recent Events

A Game of Thrones

Catelyn visits Ned in the godswood, by Thomas Denmark. © Fantasy Flight Games

Lord Eddard Stark hosts King Robert I Baratheon and the royal family at Winterfell after the death of Lord Jon Arryn. They visit the crypt so Robert can pay his respects to Lyanna Stark.[23] While climbing toward the broken tower, Bran Stark is pushed from the First Keep after finding Ser Jaime Lannister cavorting with his sister, Queen Cersei Lannister.[19]

Robb Stark remains in the castle when Eddard travels south to King's Landing to serve as the new Hand of the King. A fire is started in the Library Tower in order to distract the guards during the catspaw's attempt on Bran's life.[47]

When Robb hears that Eddard has been taken prisoner in King's Landing, he raises the northern bannerman and marches south to rescue his father. Bran remains as the Stark in Winterfell. The direwolf Lady is buried in the lichyard of the First Keep.[15] Lady Catelyn Stark appoints Ser Rodrik Cassel as castellan of Winterfell.[48] While at Riverrun, Robb is proclaimed King in the North by northern and rivermen alike.[49]

A Clash of Kings

Winterfell by Feliche ©

Bran, the Stark in Winterfell in Robb's absence, hosts numerous northern lords for the harvest feast.[12] Songs performed during the festival include "Iron Lances", "The Burning of the Ships", and "The Bear and the Maiden Fair".

During the War of the Five Kings, Winterfell is captured in a surprise attack by the ironmen led by Theon Greyjoy.[26] He rules the castle for several weeks, but he lacks the manpower to hold it indefinitely against the Stark bannermen. Asha Greyjoy refuses to help her brother hold the castle, which is far from the Sunset Sea.[13]

Ser Rodrik Cassel assembles nearly two thousand northmen to retake Winterfell from Theon. Ramsay Snow, the castellan of the Dreadfort, leads the Bolton soldiers in betraying their fellow northmen, however, and Rodrik's army is destroyed in a battle outside Winterfell's gates. Ramsay then double-crosses Theon, takes him prisoner, and has the Dreadfort men sack and burn Winterfell.[28] The ceiling of the Great Hall and one whole side of the First Keep collapse during the sack of Winterfell. A steaming lake forms at the bottom of the Library Tower, while the Maester's Turret and the bridge connecting the Bell Tower to the rookery are destroyed. Bran and Rickon Stark, undetected in the crypts, make their escape from Winterfell in the aftermath.[10]

A Storm of Swords

The surviving women and children of Winterfell are taken to the Dreadfort by Ramsay Snow,[50][51] who also holds Theon Greyjoy as a hostage.[52]

Due to the alleged deaths of Bran and Rickon Stark, Sansa Stark is now considered the heir to Winterfell. For this title Lady Olenna Tyrell plots to have Sansa married to the heir of Highgarden, Willas Tyrell. When Lord Tywin Lannister is informed of this he has his son, Tyrion, marry her instead, to both Sansa and Tyrion's reluctance.

Sansa Stark making a snow-castle of Winterfell at the Eyrie, by Michael Komarck ©

After King Robb Stark marries Jeyne Westerling, he tells his mother, Catelyn Stark, that he plans to legitimize his brother, Jon Snow of the Night's Watch, and name him heir of Winterfell and King in the North should he and Jeyne not have a child. Due to Sansa's marriage to Tyrion, Robb fears that Sansa will give Tyrion a son and thus control of Winterfell which Robb wants to prevent. Catelyn pleads that Robb consider naming his other sister, Arya, as heir, but Robb insists that no one has seen Arya since his father Eddard's death and that Arya is likely also dead. Robb signs the decree naming Jon his heir,[53] but the whereabouts of the will are unknown after Robb's death in the Red Wedding.

As Sansa hides at the Eyrie after the murder of Joffrey I Baratheon, she reminisces fondly about Winterfell and makes a castle of snow in its likeness with the aid of Petyr Baelish.[8]

At the Wall, in exchange for Jon Snow recognizing Stannis Baratheon as king, Stannis offers to legitimize him, which would make him Lord Jon Stark of Winterfell. However, Jon refuses Stannis and he instead becomes the 998th Lord Commander of the Night's Watch.

A Feast for Crows

Asha Greyjoy informs Lord Rodrik Harlaw that when she and her ironborn searched Winterfell for Theon they found only scattered bodies scavenged by wolves.[54]

A Dance with Dragons

Winterfell by Lino Drieghe © Fantasy Flight Games

King Stannis Baratheon reminds Jon Snow that he had hoped to bestow Winterfell on him, and that his offer was thrown in his face. Jon replies that by right Winterfell should go to his sister, Sansa Stark. Stannis asks Jon if he is eager to see the Imp, Tyrion Lannister, perched on Eddard Stark's seat. He promises Jon that as long as he, Stannis, is alive that will not happen.[55]

Lord Roose Bolton, the new Warden of the North, moves the wedding of his newly-legitimized son, Ramsay Bolton, to "Arya Stark", who is actually Jeyne Poole, from Barrowton to Winterfell.[56] When the Boltons arrive at Winterfell, Roose finds the ruined castle a refuge of more then two dozen squatters. When he tells them he will be merciful if they serve well, they are used as labor to partially restore Winterfell. They rebuild burned gates and raise a new roof over the Great Hall. After the work is completed Roose has them all hanged; true to his word he is merciful and does not flay one.[21]

Ramsay marries "Arya" in the godswood and becomes Lord of Winterfell, with Theon Greyjoy giving Jeyne away. Lord Wyman Manderly furnishes the wedding feast and asks the singer Abel to sing of the Rat Cook.[21]

During a winter storm that hits Winterfell, squires build snowmen on the battlements. A dozen snowy lords are built to command them, including depictions of Lord Manderly, Lord Harwood Stout, Lady Barbrey Dustin, and Whoresbane Umber on the battlements. Theon and Barbrey discover that swords are missing from the crypts.[25] Tensions heighten during the blizzard as several Freys and northerners are found dead.[7]

After Freys fight with Manderly men, Roose sends the Freys out the main gate and the Manderlys out the east gate. They are to march on Stannis's army, which is said to be three days march from Winterfell. Amidst the commotion, Theon and "Arya" flee the castle by passing through the Battlements Gate, climbing a stair to the battlements, and leaping into the snow.[29]

It is believed among Stannis's army that Arnolf Karstark, castellan of Karhold, would receive Winterfell should it be taken from the Boltons.[57]

The Winds of Winter

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Warning
This information has thus far been released in a sample chapter for The Winds of Winter, and might therefore not be in finalized form. Keep in mind that the content as described below is still subject to change.

Roose has sent out the Freys and Manderlys, as well as Ramsay and his men, but he has kept much of his own strength behind in Winterfell. According to Theon, who has been brought to Stannis by Mors Umber, Roose is keeping his own men back as a reserve, as he once did in the riverlands, to weaken potential rivals.[58]

Mors had his troops built pits outside the main gate. The Freys ride into them, causing Aenys Frey to break his neck.[58]

Quotes

Jon Snow overlooking Winterfell, by Federico Musetti © Fantasy Flight Games

Bran could perch for hours among the shapeless, rain-worn gargoyles that brooded over the First Keep, watching it all: the men drilling with wood and steel in the yard, the cooks tending their vegetables in the glass garden, restless dogs running back and forth in the kennels, the silence of the godswood, the girls gossiping beside the washing well. It made him feel like he was lord of the castle, in a way even Robb would never know. It taught him Winterfell's secrets too. The builders had not even leveled the earth; there were hills and valleys behind the walls of Winterfell. There was a covered bridge that went from the fourth floor of the bell tower across to the second floor of the rookery. Bran knew about that. And he knew you could get inside the inner wall by the south gate, climb three floors and run all the way around Winterfell through a narrow tunnel in the stone, and then come out on ground level at the north gate, with a hundred feet of wall looming over you. Even Maester Luwin didn't know that, Bran was convinced.[19]

—Bran Stark's thoughts

He remembered Winterfell as he had last seen it. Not as grotesquely huge as Harrenhal, nor as solid and impregnable to look at as Storm's End, yet there had been a great strength in those stones, a sense that within those walls a man might feel safe. The news of the castle’s fall had come as a wrenching shock.[59]

—Tyrion Lannister's thoughts

The Lord of Winterfell would always be a Stark.[59]

—Tyrion Lannister's thoughts

"The Prince of Winterfell." Of Winterfell burned and tumbled, its people scattered and slain. The glass gardens were smashed, and hot water gushed from the cracked walls to steam beneath the sun. How can you be the prince of someplace you might never see again?[60]

—Bran Stark's thoughts

The weirwood was the heart of Winterfell, Lord Eddard always said ... but to save the castle Jon would have to tear that heart up by its ancient roots, and feed it to the red woman's hungry fire god. I have no right. Winterfell belongs to the old gods.[61]

—Jon Snow's thoughts

Drifting snowflakes brushed her face as light as lover’s kisses, and melted on her cheeks. At the center of the garden, beside the statue of the weeping woman that lay broken and half-buried on the ground, she turned her face up to the sky and closed her eyes. She could feel the snow on her lashes, taste it on her lips. It was the taste of Winterfell. The taste of innocence. The taste of dreams.[8]

—Sansa Stark's thoughts, at the Eyrie

Petyr: May I come into your castle, my lady?

Sansa: Don’t break it. Be ...
Petyr: ... gentle? Winterfell has withstood fiercer enemies than me. It is Winterfell, is it not?
Sansa: Yes.
Petyr: I used to dream of it, in those years after Cat went north with Eddard Stark. In my dreams it was ever a dark place, and cold.

Sansa: No. It was always warm, even when it snowed. Water from the hot springs is piped through the walls to warm them, and inside the glass gardens it was always like the hottest day of summer.[8]

—Sansa Stark makes a snow castle of Winterfell with Petyr Baelish

Winterfell was full of ghosts for Theon Greyjoy.[21]

—Theon Greyjoy's thoughts

It was my home, though. Not a true home, but the best I ever knew.[7]

—Theon Greyjoy's thoughts

Chapters that take place in Winterfell

References

  1. ↑ The Lands of Ice and Fire, Westeros.
  2. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 42, The King's Prize.
  3. ↑ A Game of Thrones, Appendix.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 50, Theon IV.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 6, Catelyn II.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 4, Bran I.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 46, A Ghost in Winterfell.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 80, Sansa VII.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 7, Arya I.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 69, Bran VII.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 5, Jon I.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 21, Bran III.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 56, Theon V.
  14. ↑ A Game of Thrones, Chapter 24, Bran IV.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 53, Bran VI.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 2, Catelyn I.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 66, Bran VII.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 The World of Ice & Fire, The North: Winterfell.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 8, Bran II.
  20. ↑ A Clash of Kings, Chapter 35, Bran V.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 37, The Prince of Winterfell.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 51, Jon VI.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 4, Eddard I.
  24. ↑ A Clash of Kings, Chapter 28, Bran IV.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 41, The Turncloak.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 46, Bran VI.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 37, Bran V.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 66, Theon VI.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 51, Theon I.
  30. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Map of the North
  31. ↑ A Game of Thrones, Chapter 13, Tyrion II.
  32. ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 41, Jon V.
  33. ↑ The World of Ice & Fire, The North: The Kings of Winter.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 16, Bran II.
  35. ↑ The World of Ice & Fire, The Reign of the Dragons: The Conquest.
  36. ↑ The World of Ice & Fire, The Targaryen Kings: Aegon I.
  37. ↑ Fire & Blood, Jaehaerys and Alysanne - Their Triumphs and Tragedies.
  38. ↑ Fire & Blood, The Dying of the Dragons - A Son for a Son.
  39. ↑ Fire & Blood, The Dying of the Dragons - The Short, Sad Reign of Aegon II.
  40. ↑ Fire & Blood, Under the Regents - The Hooded Hand.
  41. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 9, Davos I.
  42. ↑ So Spake Martin: ConQuest (Kansas City, MO; May 27-29), May 27, 2005
  43. ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 7, Jon I.
  44. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 44, Jon IX.
  45. ↑ A Feast for Crows, Chapter 23, Alayne I.
  46. ↑ A Clash of Kings, Chapter 30, Arya VII.
  47. ↑ A Game of Thrones, Chapter 14, Catelyn III.
  48. ↑ A Game of Thrones, Chapter 55, Catelyn VIII.
  49. ↑ A Game of Thrones, Chapter 71, Catelyn XI.
  50. ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 35, Catelyn IV.
  51. ↑ So Spake Martin: Readers and Realism, June 28, 2001
  52. ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 49, Catelyn VI.
  53. ↑ George R. R. Martin's A World of Ice and Fire, Robb Stark.
  54. ↑ A Feast for Crows, Chapter 11, The Kraken's Daughter.
  55. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 3, Jon I.
  56. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 32, Reek III.
  57. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 62, The Sacrifice.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 The Winds of Winter, Theon I
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 54, Tyrion XII.
  60. ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 9, Bran I.
  61. ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 79, Jon XII.
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