约翰·列侬：修订间差异

{{noteTA

|姓名 = 约翰·列侬<br>{{small|John Lennon}}

|后缀尊称 = {{post-nominals|MBE|size=100%}}

|类型 = 男歌手

|图片 = JohnLennonpeace.jpg

|图片尺寸 =

|图片简介 = 约翰·列侬于1969年

|本名 = 约翰·温斯顿·列侬<br>{{lang|en|John Winston Lennon}}

|出生日期 = {{Birth date|1940|10|9}}

|出生地点 = [[英国]][[利物浦]]

|
逝世日期 = {{Death date and age|1980|12|8|1940|10|9}}

|逝世地点 = [[美国]][[纽约市]]

|墓地 = 骨灰播撒于纽约[[中央公园 (纽约市)|中央公园]]

|职业 = {{flatlist|

* 音乐家

* 歌手

* 作曲家

* 活动家

|配偶 = {{plainlist|

* {{marriage|[[辛西娅·列侬|辛西娅·鲍威尔]]|1962-8-23|1968-11-8|reason=离异}}

* {{marriage|[[小野洋子]]|1969}}

|儿女 = {{plainlist|

*[[朱利安·列侬]]

*[[西恩·列侬]]

|父母 = {{plainlist|

*{{le|阿尔弗雷德·列侬|Alfred Lennon}}

*[[茱莉亚·列侬|茱莉亚·斯坦利]]

|音乐类型 = {{flatlist|

|演奏乐器 = {{flatlist|

* 演唱

|活跃年代 = 1957年－1975年；1980年

|唱片公司 = {{flatlist|

|签名 = Firma de John Lennon.svg

|网站 = {{URL|http://www.johnlennon.com|JohnLennon.com}}

|相关团体 = {{flatlist|

|著名乐器 = {{unbulleted list|Rickenbacker 325|Epiphone Casino|Gibson J-160E|Mellotron}}

|奖项 =

'''约翰·温斯顿·小野·列侬'''，{{lang|en|{{post-nominals|size=100%|country=GBR|MBE}}}}（{{lang-en|John Winston Ono Lennon}}，出生名为{{lang|en|John Winston Lennon}}；{{bd|1940年|10月9日|1980年|12月8日}}）是一位英国歌手和词曲作者，作为[[披头士乐队]]的创始成员闻名全球，该乐队是流行音乐史上商业上最成功的团体。他与乐队成员[[保罗·麦卡特尼]]组成了著名的[[列侬–麦卡特尼|创作组合]]。

列侬在[[利物浦]]出生长大，在青少年时期参与了[[噪音爵士乐|噪音爵士乐热潮]]；他的第一支乐队[[采石工人乐队|采石工人]]（{{lang|en|the Quarrymen}}）在1960年转变为披头士。披头士于1970年解散后，他开始了自己的个人职业生涯，发行了受好评的专辑《{{lang|en|[[John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band]]}}》和《{{lang|en|[[Imagine (专辑)|Imagine]]}}》，以及标志性的歌曲如《{{lang|en|[[Give Peace a Chance]]}}》、《{{lang|en|[[Working Class Hero]]}}》和《{{lang|en|[[Imagine (歌曲)|Imagine]]}}》。在1969年与[[小野洋子]]结婚后，他把名字改为约翰·小野·列侬。1975年，列侬从乐坛隐退，在家照顾年幼的儿子[[西恩·列侬|西恩]]。1980年，他和小野携新专辑《{{lang|en|[[Double Fantasy]]}}》复出，在专辑发行三周后[[约翰·列侬之死|遇害]]。

列侬在他的音乐、写作、绘画、影片和采访中展现了他反叛的天性和尖酸的幽默。他因参与政治及[[和平运动]]而受到争议。1971年，他搬家到纽约市[[曼哈顿]]。在那里，列侬对[[越战]]的批评使[[理查德·尼克松]]政府长期试图把他驱逐出境。而他的一些歌曲被[[反戰|反战运动]]和[[60年代反文化运动]]视为圣歌。

截至2012年，列侬的个人专辑在美国的销量超过了1400万。作为创作者或演唱者，他参与了25首[[公告牌百强单曲榜]]冠军单曲。2002年，他在{{lang|en|[[BBC]]}}的“[[最伟大的100名英国人]]”榜单中被民众票选为第8位。2008年，《[[滚石 (杂志)|滚石]]》杂志把他选为“史上最伟大的歌手”第5位。他在去世后于1987年进入[[词曲作者名人堂]]（{{lang|en|Songwriters Hall of Fame}}），还两次进入[[摇滚名人堂]]，分别是在1988年以披头士一员身份和在1994年以个人身份入选。

== 生平 ==

====1957-66年：组建、商业突破和巡演时期 ====

[[File:The Bealtes with Jimmie Nicol 916-5099.jpg|thumb|left|列侬（右一）在1964年披头士狂热的高峰与乐队一起演奏。]]

1956年9月，十五岁的列侬创建了一支[[噪音爵士乐|噪音爵士乐队]]，叫采石工人（{{lang|en|the Quarrymen}}），得名于采石坡高中（{{lang|en|Quarry Bank High School}}）{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=738}}。到1957年夏天，采石工人乐队已演奏了“一系列生气勃勃的歌曲”，歌单上一半是噪音爵士乐，一半是[[摇滚]]（{{lang|en|rock and roll}}）{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=95}}。同年7月6日，乐队的第二次演出在圣彼得教堂的花园庆典上举行，列侬在那里与[[保罗·麦卡特尼]]相遇，他随后邀请麦卡特尼加入乐队{{sfn|Spitz|2005|pp=93–99}}。

麦卡特尼建议让他的朋友[[乔治·哈里森]]成为主音吉他手{{sfn|Miles|1997|pp=47, 50}}。列侬认为十四岁的哈里森年纪太小。麦卡特尼在一辆公交巴士的上层安排了试音，哈里森弹奏了器乐曲《{{lang|en|Raunchy}}》之后受邀加入乐队{{sfn|Miles|1997|pp=47}}。列侬在艺术学院的朋友[[斯图尔特·萨克利夫]]在之后加入成为贝斯手{{sfn|Lennon|2005|p=64}}。列侬、麦卡特尼、哈里森和萨克利夫四人在1960年初组成了披头士乐队。同年8月，乐队获得了一份到德国汉堡驻唱48天的合同，急需一位鼓手，便邀请了[[皮特·贝斯特]]加入{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=57}}。当时列侬十九岁，咪咪阿姨被他要去旅行的消息吓坏了，恳求他留下继续学业{{sfn|Lennon|2005|p=53}}。在第一次汉堡之行后，乐队在1961年4月再次前往汉堡，在1962年4月去了第三次。列侬和其他乐队成员在汉堡接触了[[苯甲吗啉]]，常规地服用该药物{{sfn|Miles|1997|pp=66–67}}，还有[[安非他明]]，作为支撑他们通宵演出的兴奋剂 {{sfn|Lennon|2005|p=57}}。

[[布莱恩·爱普斯坦]]自1962年起成为披头士的经理人，他之前没有任何艺人管理经验，但对乐队早期的造型和在台上的态度产生了重要影响{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=67}}。列侬一开始对爱普斯坦建议乐队展现职业面貌感到抗拒，但最终顺从了，说：“如果有人付我钱的话，我他妈穿个气球都行。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"I'll wear a bloody balloon if somebody's going to pay me."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Frankel|2007}}”在萨克利夫决定留在汉堡退出乐队后，麦卡特尼接替他成为贝斯手，而鼓手[[林戈·斯塔尔]]取代了贝斯特，这一四人阵容一直维持到乐队在1970年的解散。披头士的第一张单曲《{{lang|en|[[Love Me Do]]}}》于1962年10月发行，在英国的榜单上最高达到第十七位。1963年2月11日，他们在十小时内完成了首张专辑《{{lang|en|[[Please Please Me]]}}》的录音{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=721}}。那天，列侬受感冒困扰{{sfn|Lewisohn |1988|pp=24–26: "Twist and Shout, which had to be recorded last because John Lennon had a particularly bad cold"}}，可从最后一首录音的歌《{{lang|en|[[Twist and Shout]]}}》中听出来{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=376: "He had been struggling all day to reach notes, but this was different, this hurt"}}。列侬-麦卡特尼创作组合写了专辑里十四首歌中的八首。在大多数歌曲中（专辑同名曲是一个例外），列侬还没有在歌词中加入他最爱的文字游戏，说道：“我们只是写写歌……流行歌曲。只想弄出点声响，没别的想法了。歌词几乎是无关紧要的。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"We were just writing songs&nbsp;... pop songs with no more thought of them than that—to create a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=721}}”在1987年的一次采访中，麦卡特尼表示其他披头士成员都崇拜列侬：“他像我们自己的小艾尔维斯（指猫王）……我们都仰视约翰。他年纪较长，是无疑的领袖；他最风趣，最聪明。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"He was like our own little Elvis ... We all looked up to John. He was older and he was very much the leader; he was the quickest wit and the smartest."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Doggett|2010|p=33}}”

{{Anchor|BiggerThanJesus}}。在1966年3月与《标准晚报》记者[[Maureen Cleave]]的采访中，列侬说道，“基督教会走的。它会消失和萎缩……我们现在比耶稣要受欢迎——我不知道谁会先走，是摇滚乐还是基督教。”{{sfn|Cleave|2007}}这当时在英格兰实际上没人注意。但是五个月后在被一家杂志引用后，这一评论却在美国被视为巨大的冒犯。怒火使人们焚毁甲壳虫乐队的专辑，且[[三K党]]对列侬发出威胁，最终导致乐队决定停止巡演{{sfn|Gould|2008|pp=5–6, 249, 281, 347}}。

==== 1967-70年：录音室时期、解散和个人作品 ====

1970年，列侬和洋子在洛杉矶和{{link-en|亚瑟·亚诺夫|Arthur Janov}}博士体验了{{link-en|原始疗法|primal therapy}}（Primal therapy）。为了消除对童年生活的痛苦的恐惧，治疗进行了4个月，每周2天半。亚诺夫曾试图让列侬夫妇多做停留，但他们认为没有必要，便回到了伦敦。{{sfn|Harry|2000b|pp=408–410}}列侬充满个人情感的首张个人专辑《[[约翰·列侬/塑胶小野乐团]]》，获得了高度赞扬。评论家{{link-en|格雷尔·马库斯|Greil Marcus}}评论道：“列侬在歌曲《[[上帝 (约翰·列侬歌曲)|上帝]]》（God）中最后一句的演唱，可能是摇滚歌曲中最好的。”{{sfn|Blaney|2005|p=56}}专辑收录了《[[:en:Mother (John Lennon song)|母亲]]》（Mother）这首歌，在歌曲中列侬直面了儿时被抛弃的悲惨经历，{{sfn|Harry|2000b|pp=640–641}}而迪伦风格的歌曲《[[Working Class Hero|工人阶级英雄]]》（Working Class Hero），对资本主义官僚社会体制做出了讽刺性的批判，其中的歌词“你们还是他妈的贫农”目的就是可以激怒听众。{{sfn|Riley|2002|p=375}}{{sfn|Schechter|1997|p=106}}同年，{{link-en|塔里克·阿里|Tariq Ali}}在他采访列侬时的政治革命言论启发了列侬写出歌曲《[[Power to the People|权力交给人们]]》（Power to the People）。随后，列侬参与到了阿里的抗议停办[[:en:Oz (magazine)|《Oz》杂志]]的活动中去，列侬认为停办杂志的言论是“恶心的法西斯主义”，他和洋子发布了单曲《God Save Us/Do the Oz》并参与游行声援杂志。{{sfn|Wiener|1990|p=157}}

1980年12月8日22點49分，列侬在纽约自己的寓所前被一名据称患有精神病的美國狂热男性歌迷[[馬克·大衛·查普曼]]枪杀，死时年仅40岁，举世震惊。摇滚乐坛也失去了一位传奇色彩的人物。

1962年7月，列侬得知辛西娅怀孕了。回忆自己当时的反应，他说：“只有一条路可走了，辛。我们必须得结婚。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"There's only one thing for it Cyn. We'll have to get married."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Lennon|2005|p=91}}”两人于8月23日在利物浦愉快山（{{lang|en|Mount Pleasant}}）登记处结婚。他婚后生活的开始正值[[披头士狂热]]席卷英国。在结婚当日的晚上，他有演唱会要出场，之后的每一天也几乎都是如此{{sfn|Harry|2000b|pp=493–495}}。爱普斯坦担心已婚的披头士成员这一概念会疏远歌迷，让列侬夫妇将结婚一事保密。朱利安于1963年4月8日出生。列侬当时在巡演途中，直到三天后才见到自己的新生儿{{sfn|Lennon|2005|p=113}}。

辛西娅把这场婚姻瓦解的开始归因于{{lang|en|[[LSD]]}}，她感到列侬渐渐对她失去兴趣{{sfn|Harry|2000b|pp=496–497}}。1967年，乐队乘火车前往威尔士[[班戈 (圭内斯)|班戈]]去参加[[玛哈瑞诗·玛哈士]]（{{lang|en|Maharishi Yogi}}）的超觉静坐研讨会，一位警察没有认出辛西娅，不让她上车。她后来回忆道，这个意外事件似乎象征了他们婚姻的终结{{sfn|Warner Brothers|1988}}。1968年5月，辛西娅从度假地早一天回家时，发现列侬与小野在一起，她离开家去了朋友的住处。[[亚历克谢斯·马尔达斯]]（{{lang|en|Alexis Mardas}}）日后声称自己在当晚和她发生了关系。几周后马尔达斯告知辛西娅，列侬试图以他俩通奸为由要求离婚和朱利安的抚养权。协商后，列侬屈从了，同意她用相同理由提出离婚诉讼。这一案于1968年11月达成庭外和解，辛西娅获得了朱利安的抚养权，列侬给了她10万英镑，每年还需支付她一笔小额费用{{sfn|Lennon|2005|p=305–306: "He had agreed that I should have custody of Julian", "He raised his offer to £100,000"}}。

=== 布莱恩·爱普斯坦 ===

1961年11月，当披头士乐队在利物浦[[洞穴俱乐部]]完成一次午场演唱会后，他们被介绍认识了爱普斯坦。爱普斯坦是一位同性恋，据传记作者菲利普·诺曼（{{lang|en|Philip Norman}}）所写，他想要管理披头士的原因之一是他被列侬的长相所吸引。朱利安刚出生后不久，列侬和爱普斯坦一起去西班牙度假，引发了对两人关系的臆测。日后被问及此事时，列侬说道：“啊，那几乎是一起风流韵事，但不完全是。它从未真正实现。但那是一段蛮强烈的关系。那是我首次和一位我知道他是同性恋的同性恋在一起。我们曾常常坐在[[托雷莫利诺斯]]的一家咖啡馆里看着那里的小伙子们，然后我会说：‘你喜欢那个吗？你喜欢这个吗？’我那时正享受着这个经历，像个作家一样心想：我正在经历这个。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"Well, it was almost a love affair, but not quite. It was never consummated. But it was a pretty intense relationship. It was my first experience with a homosexual that I was conscious was homosexual. We used to sit in a café in Torremolinos looking at all the boys and I'd say, 'Do you like that one? Do you like this one?' I was rather enjoying the experience, thinking like a writer all the time: I am experiencing this."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Harry|2000a|p=232}}”他们从西班牙回来后不久，在1963年6月，麦卡特尼的二十一岁生日会上，列侬揍了洞穴俱乐部的司仪鲍勃·伍勒（{{lang|en|Bob Wooler}}），因为后者问他：“你的蜜月过得如何，约翰？”伍勒闻名于他的文字游戏和善意但讽刺的评论，他是在开玩笑{{sfn|Harry|2000a|pp=1165, 1169}}。但那时距离列侬结婚已过去十个月，而被推迟的蜜月要到两个月后才发生{{sfn|Lennon|2005|pp=94, 119–120}}。对于当时醉酒的列侬来说，他的理解很简单：“他叫我[[酷兒]]，所以我要把他该死的肋骨打坏。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"He called me a [[queer]] so I battered his bloody ribs in."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Harry|2000a|p=1169}}”

列侬喜欢嘲弄爱普斯坦的性取向和犹太人身份{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=232}}。当爱普斯坦为他的自传书名征询意见时，列侬提议《基佬犹太人》（{{lang|en|''Queer Jew''}}）；得知最终采用的标题为《一地下室的噪音》（{{lang|en|''A Cellarful of Noise''}}）后，他讽刺道：“更像是《一地下室的男孩子》（{{lang|en|''A Cellarful of Boys''}}）。{{sfn|Coleman|1992|pp=298–299}}”他粗率地对一位拜访爱普斯坦住处的客人说：“你是来这里敲诈他的吗？如果不是的话，你是伦敦唯一一个没这么做的操屁股的。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"Have you come to blackmail him? If not, you're the only bugger in London who hasn't."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=232}}”在录制歌曲《{{lang|en|[[Baby, You're a Rich Man]]}}》期间，列侬把副歌歌词唱成“{{lang|en|Baby, you're a rich fag Jew}}”（意为“宝贝，你是个有钱的基佬犹太人”）{{sfn|Norman|2008|p=503}}{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=206}}。

=== 朱利安·列侬 ===

Julian recalls how some four years later, as a small child in [[Weybridge]], "I was trundled home from school and came walking up with one of my watercolour paintings. It was just a bunch of stars and this blonde girl I knew at school. And Dad said, 'What's this?' I said, 'It's Lucy in the sky with diamonds.'"{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=517}} Lennon used it as the title of a [[Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds|Beatles song]], and though it was later reported to have been derived from the initials [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]], Lennon insisted, "It's not an acid song."{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=574}} McCartney corroborated Lennon's explanation that Julian innocently came up with the name.{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=574}} 列侬和朱利安关系疏远，后者觉得自己和麦卡特尼的关系比和父亲的更亲近。列侬处理离婚期间，麦卡特尼在去探望辛西娅和朱利安的轿车上创作了歌曲《{{lang|en|Hey Jules}}》，试图安慰他。这首歌最终成为了披头士歌曲《{{lang|en|[[Hey Jude]]}}》。列侬后来说：“那是他最好的歌。它开始是一首关于我儿子朱利安的歌……他将它变成了《{{lang|en|Hey Jude}}》。我一直以为它是关于我和洋子的，但他说它不是。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"That's his best song. It started off as a song about my son Julian&nbsp;... he turned it into 'Hey Jude'. I always thought it was about me and Yoko but he said it wasn't."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=341}}”

列侬和朱利安的关系已经相当紧张，他和小野在1971年搬到纽约后，朱利安直到1973年才再一次见到父亲{{sfn|Pang|2008|loc=back cover}}。在[[庞凤仪]]的撮合下，朱利安（和他母亲）被安排到洛杉矶与列侬见面，父子两人一起去了[[迪士尼乐园]]{{sfn|Lennon|2005|pp=252–255}}。朱利安开始定期地与父亲见面，列侬让他在歌曲《{{lang|en|Walls and Bridges}}》中打鼓{{sfn|Lennon|2005|p=258}}。他给朱利买了一把{{lang|en|[[Gibson Les Paul]]}}吉他以及其他乐器，鼓励他对音乐的兴趣，向他展示吉他和弦技巧{{sfn|Lennon|2005|p=258}}。朱利安回忆他和父亲在他留在纽约期间“相处得好了很多”：“我们玩得很开心，一起大笑，总的来说度过了许多好时光。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"We had a lot of fun, laughed a lot and had a great time in general."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Times Online|2009}}”

=== 小野洋子 ===

=== 西恩·列侬 ===

列侬和小野復合后，她怀孕了。但她在此前试图和列侬生孩子时已经历了三次[[流产]]，小野说这次她想要[[堕胎]]。她同意在列侬成为[[家庭主夫]]的条件下继续妊娠，他照做了{{sfn|Harry|2000b|pp=535, 690}}。西恩于1975年10月9日由[[剖宫产]]出生，正逢列侬的35岁生日。列侬在接下来的五年中暂停了音乐事业，让摄影师在西恩生命的第一年中每天为他拍一张照片。他还为西恩创作了无数绘画，在他死后出版为《真爱：为西恩作的画》（{{lang|en|''Real Love: The Drawings for Sean''}}）。列侬日后自豪地宣称：“他没从我的肚子里生出来，但老天作证，我做了他的骨头，因为我照料了他的每顿饭，注意了他睡得如何，注意了他像鱼一样游泳的事实。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"He didn't come out of my belly but, by God, I made his bones, because I've attended to every meal, and to how he sleeps, and to the fact that he swims like a fish."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=535}}”

=== 前披头士成员 ===

[[File:The Beatles in America.JPG|thumb|right|列侬（左一）和其他乐队成员于1964年登陆美国。]]

列侬对麦卡特尼保留着最强烈的情感。除了用歌曲《{{lang|en|How Do You Sleep?}}》的歌词攻击他外，列侬在乐队解散后的三年中通过报刊与他进行了骂战。后来，两人开始渐渐重拾他们曾经拥有的亲密友谊。1974年，他们甚至再次在一起鼓捣音乐，但之后最终又疏远。列侬说，麦卡特尼在1976年4月最后一次拜访他期间，他们看了一集《[[周六夜现场]]》，制作人[[洛恩·迈克尔斯]]（{{lang|en|Lorne Michaels}}）为披头士在节目上重组悬赏了3000美元现金{{sfn|Harry|2000b|pp=934–935}}。两人考虑当即前往录影棚完成一次搞笑亮相拿到奖金，但因太累了没有去{{sfn|Sheff|1981}}。列侬在去世前三天的一次采访中总结了他对麦卡特尼的感情：“在我的整个音乐生涯中，我只选择过……两个搭档：保罗·麦卡特尼和小野洋子……我选得不坏。{{#tag:ref|原文：{{lang|en|"Throughout my career, I've selected to work with ... only two people: Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono ... That ain't bad picking."}}|group="原文"}}{{sfn|Cohn|2010–2011|p=95}}”

== 身后评价 ==

音乐历史学家辛德和施瓦茨在写到上世纪50到60年代的音乐风格变化时写道，披头士对音乐的影响说得再大都不过分，因为他们“使声音、风格、对流行音乐的态度发生了翻天覆地的改变，为英国摇滚艺术家的浪潮开辟了道路”，此外，乐队“在60年代中后期拓宽了摇滚风格的边疆”。{{sfn|Schinder|Schwartz|2007|p=160}}很多乐队都视约翰·列侬为个人英雄，其中包括[[绿洲乐队]]，其主唱[[連恩·蓋勒格]]将自己的孩子取名为列侬·蓋勒格以表达对约翰的敬意。{{sfn|Harry|2000b|p=265}}在1999年举行的[[:en:National Poetry Month#International Poetry Celebrations|全国诗歌日]]上，BBC宣布了此前举行的“英国人最爱的歌词”投票的结果，列侬的《想象》（Imagine）成为赢家。{{sfn|Harry|2000b|pp=382–383}}

在[[卫报]]2006年的一篇文章中，乔恩·维纳写道：“对于那些经历过1972年的年轻人来讲，见证列侬和[美国总统]尼克松作对的勇气是惊心动魄的。那种愿意舍弃自己的音乐生涯与生命的意愿是当今人们仍敬仰他的原因之一。”{{sfn|Wiener|2006}}对于音乐历史学家尤里什和比伦来说，列侬最重要的贡献是“创作出了歌曲中的那些为了人类处境、描述人类处境、面向人类处境的自我剖析。”{{sfn|Urish|Bielen|2007|pp=121–122}}

在2002年，利物浦的机场被重命名为[[利物浦约翰·列侬机场]]。<ref name=fola>{{cite web | publisher = Friends of Liverpool Airport | url = http://www.fola.org.uk/current.html| title = Recent History and Current Developments | accessdate = 10 February 2013}}</ref>2010年，在列侬诞辰70周年之际，[[约翰·列侬和平纪念碑]]在利物浦[[查韦斯公园]]落成，并由辛西娅和朱利安·列侬揭幕。<ref>{{cite news

2013年12月，[[国际天文联合会]]将水星上的一个陨石坑以列侬命名。<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.space.com/24034-mercury-crater-name-john-lennon.html| title =Mercury Crater Named After John Lennon |publisher =Space.com| accessdate =13 January 2014 }}</ref>

== 作品目录 ==

=== 电影 ===

! class="unsortable" | 注

| 《[[一夜狂欢 (电影)|一夜狂欢]]》

| [[救命 (电影)|救命]]

| ''[[How I Won the War]]''

| ''[[Magical Mystery Tour (film)|Magical Mystery Tour]]''

| 《[[黄色潜水艇 (电影)|黄色潜水艇]]》

| ''[[Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins|Two Virgins]]''

| ''[[Let It Be (1970 film)|Let It Be]]''

=== 电视 ===

! Year

! Role

! class="unsortable" | Notes

| ''[[Not Only... But Also]]''

| Episode: "Episode #1.1 (1965) & Christmas Special (1966)"

=== 書籍 ===

* 《[[In His Own Write]]》（1964年4月27日）

* 《[[A Spaniard in the Works]]》（1965年6月14日）

* 《[[Skywritng by Word of Mouth|Skywriting by Word of Mouth]]》（1986年10月10日）

== 注释 ==

{{note|fn_a| Note a:}} Lennon was responsible for 25 [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] number one singles as performer, writer or co-writer.

* With The Beatles (20): "[[Can't Buy Me Love]]", "[[I Feel Fine]]", "[[I Want to Hold Your Hand]]", "[[Love Me Do]]", "[[She Loves You]]", "[[A Hard Day's Night (song)|A Hard Day's Night]]", "[[Eight Days a Week]]", "[[Help! (song)|Help!]]", "[[Ticket to Ride]]", "[[Yesterday (Beatles song)|Yesterday]]", "[[Paperback Writer]]", "[[We Can Work It Out]]", "[[All You Need Is Love]]", "[[Hello, Goodbye]]", "[[Penny Lane]]", "[[Hey Jude]]", "[[Something (Beatles song)|Something]]"/"[[Come Together]]", "[[Get Back]]", "[[Let It Be (song)|Let It Be]]", "[[The Long and Winding Road]]"/"[[For You Blue]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1044523/hot-100-anniversary-most-no-1s-by-artist|title=Most No. 1s By Artist (All-Time)|work=Billboard|accessdate=18 December 2014}}</ref>

* As co-writer of release by other artists (1): "[[A World Without Love]]" ([[Peter and Gordon]]){{sfn|Allmusic|2010d}} {{Refend
}}

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{{reflist|4}}

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| work=You Are the Plastic Ono Band

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| title=John Lennon Books

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| work=Allmusic

| year=2009

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| url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/john-lennon-p4744

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| ref={{SfnRef|Allmusic|2009}}

| work=Songwriters Hall of Fame

| year=2009

| title=John Lennon Exhibit

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| ref={{SfnRef|Songwriters Hall of Fame|2009}}

| work=BLSart.com

| year=2009

| title=John Lennon Statue

| url=http://www.blsart.com/lennon.php

| accessdate=8 October 2009

| ref={{SfnRef|BLSart.com|2009}}

| publisher=solcomhouse.com

| year=2007

| title=John Lennon biography

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| accessdate=20 December 2007

| ref={{SfnRef|solcomhouse.com|2007}}

| work=You Are the Plastic Ono Band

| year=2007a

| title=John Lennon on Television

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| accessdate=17 December 2007

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| work=Panoramio

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| work=StockphotoPro

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| work=Panoramio

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| title=John Lennon statue, San Miguel, Lima, Peru

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| work=You Are the Plastic Ono Band

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| title=John Lennon's homes, Part Three - New York City

| url=http://homepage.ntlworld.com/carousel/pob42.html

| accessdate=28 February 2008

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| work=You Are the Plastic Ono Band

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| title=John Lennon's homes, Part Two - London

| url=http://homepage.ntlworld.com/carousel/pob41.html

| accessdate=2 November 2008

| ref={{SfnRef|You Are the Plastic Ono Band|2008a}}

| work=Guardian

| year=2008

| title=John Lennon, MBE

| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/pictures/image/0,8543,-10804303037,00.html

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| ref={{SfnRef|Guardian|2008}}

| work=Uforth

| year=2007

| title=John Lennon/May Pang Sighting

| publisher=uforth.com

| url=http://www.uforth.com/John%20Lennon.htm

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| ref={{SfnRef|Uforth|2007}}

| work=Los Angeles Times

| year=2007

| title=John Lennon: Beloved in Peru too

| date=7 December 2007

| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/laplaza/2007/12/john-lennon-bel.html

| ref={{SfnRef|Los Angeles Times|2007}}

| publisher=Warner Brothers

| title=John Lennon: Imagine, Cynthia Lennon Interview

| date=1988

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}}

| work=Morbid Curiosity

| year=2008

| title=John Lennon

| url=http://www.morbid-curiosity.com/id91.htm

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| ref={{SfnRef|Morbid Curiosity|2008}}

| work=The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum

| year=1994

| title=John Lennon

| url=http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/john-lennon

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| ref={{SfnRef|The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum|1994}}

| author=John S. Friedman

| year=2005

| title=The secret histories: hidden truths that challenged the past and changed the world

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| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wERx-0P2HPsC&pg=PA252&dq=lennon+wiener+%22fourteen+years%22&ei=pv2tSfWTEYS6kQSl9IiXBQ

| isbn=9780312425173

| ref=harv

}}

| work=Wolfgang's Vault

| year=2009

| title=John Sinclair Poster

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| ref={{SfnRef|Wolfgang's Vault|2009}}

| work=BBC News

| year=2000

| title=Judge releases Lennon letters

| date=19 February 2000

| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/648607.stm

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| last=Lawrence

| first=Ken

| year=2005

| title=John Lennon: In His Own Words

| work=BBC News

| year=2003

| title=Leak reveals honours snubs

| date=21 December 2003

| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3338583.stm

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| work=The Beatles Interview Database

| year=1968

| title=Lennon & McCartney Interview, The Tonight Show

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| work=The Beatles Interview Database

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| url=http://www.beatlesinterviews.org/db1971.11jp.beatles.html

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| publisher=lennonfbifiles.com

| year=2007

| title=Lennon Files

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| work=BBC News

| year=2006a

| title=Lennon filmmakers credit campaign

| date=12 October 2006

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| ref={{SfnRef|BBC News|2006a}}

| work=CNN.com

| year=2004

| title=Lennon killer denied parole

| date=6 October 2004

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| ref={{SfnRef|CNN.com|2004}}

| work=BBC News

| year=2006d

| title=Lennon killer fails in parole bid

| date=11 October 2006

| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6039276.stm

| ref={{SfnRef|BBC News|2006d}}

| work=BBC News

| year=2006b

| title=Lennon ship log book up for sale

| date=27 March 2006

| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4849940.stm

| ref={{SfnRef|BBC News|2006b}}

| publisher=LennonFBIfiles.com

| year=2007

| title=Lennon's FBI files

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| work=BBC News

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| last=Lennon

| first=Cynthia

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| authorlink=Cynthia Lennon

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}}

| last=Lennon

| first=John

| year=1987

| title=Skywriting by Word of Mouth: And Other Writings, Including "The Ballad of John and Yoko"

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}}

| last=Lennon

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| year=2005

| authorlink=Cynthia Lennon

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}}

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| title=Lennon’s religion

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}}

| last=Lewis

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| year=2008

| title=An interview with Mark Stanfield

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| publisher=icons.org.uk

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| work=Lennon.net

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| first=Laurence

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| publisher=nostalgiacentral.com

| year=2007

| title=Nostalgia Central - important dates 1973

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| ref={{SfnRef|nostalgiacentral.com|2007}}}}{{Dead link|date=October 2009}}

| last=Pang

| first=May

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| authorlink=May Pang

| title=Loving John

| last=Pang

| first=May

| year=2008

| authorlink=May Pang

| title=Instamatic Karma: Photographs of John Lennon

| title=Paul McCartney 1984 Playboy Interview

| year=2007

| url=http://members.tripod.com/~taz4158/macint.htm

| accessdate=20 December 2007

| ref={{SfnRef|tripod.com|2007}}

| last=Peel

| first=Ian

| year=2002

| title=The Unknown Paul McCartney

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}}

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| url=http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://webs.wichita.edu/mschneegurt/hamburg/kaiserkeller.gif&imgrefurl=http://webs.wichita.edu/mschneegurt/hamburg/hamburg.html&h=254&w=355&sz=65&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=XuBKiGVW2CiqFM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkaiserkeller%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG

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| ref={{SfnRef|google.co.uk|2007}}

| work=The New York Times

| year=2007

| title=Pied Piper Of Psychedelic 60's, Dies at 75 – 1 June 1996

| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9500E0DD1E39F932A35755C0A960958260

| accessdate=27 October 2007

| ref={{SfnRef|The New York Times|2007}}

| work=john-lennon.com

| year=2007

| title=Playboy Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono - 1980

| url=http://www.john-lennon.com/playboyinterviewwithjohnlennonandyokoono.htm

| accessdate=15 December 2007

| ref={{SfnRef|john-lennon.com|2007}}

| title=Plaça De John Lennon

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| url=http://www.bcninternet.com/touristinfo.php?contentid=719

| accessdate=7 December 2009

| ref={{SfnRef|BCNinternet|2009}}

| last=Prince

| first=Dennis

| year=2005

| title=Review of ''The Dick Cavett Show: The John Lennon And Yoko Ono Collection''

| date=19 December 2005

| work=DVD Verdict

| url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/cavettlennon.php

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| last=Russell

| first=Ethan

| year=2008

| title=Eric Clapton, Keith Richards, John Lennon "The Dirty Mac," 1968

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| url=http://www.ethanrussell.com/Gallery/g2-supergroup.html

| accessdate=2 March 2008

| ref=harv

| publisher=snltranscripts.jt.org

| year=1976

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| last=Schechter

| first=Danny

| year=1997

| title=The More You Watch, the Less You Know: News Wars/Submerged Hopes/Media Adventures

| author=Seaman, Frederic

| year=1991

| title=LastDaysofJohnLennon

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| last=Shennan

| first=Paddy

| year=2007

| title=What will Liz think of these?

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| year=2003

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| year=2005

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| year=2008

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| accessdate=8 March 2008

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| work=FreeFoto

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| title=The US Versus John Lennon

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| ref={{SfnRef|theusversusjohnlennon.com|2007}}

| work=BBC News

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| year=2007

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| year=2000

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| title=Lennon Remembers

| last=Wiener

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| year=1999

| authorlink=Jon Wiener

| title=Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files

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| first=Jon

| year=2006

| title=The US vs. John Lennon

| date=12 September 2006

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| year=2007

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'''引申阅读'''

* [[Tim Riley (music critic)|Riley, Tim]] (2011). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Pf2YAAAAQBAJ Lennon: Man, Myth, Music]''. Hyperion. ISBN 978-1-4013-2452-0

* Wiener, Jon. [http://www.LennonFBIfiles.com/ The John Lennon FBI Files]

* Yorke, Richard (1969). [http://crawdaddy.wolfgangsvault.com/Article.aspx?id=4372 "John Lennon: Ringo's Right, We Can't Tour Again"], ''New Musical Express'', 7 June 1969, reproduced by ''[[Crawdaddy!]]'', 2007.

== 外部連結 ==

{{Commons+cat|John Lennon}}

[[Category:披頭四樂團|L]]

[[Category:约翰·列侬|L]]

[[Category:英国吉他手|L]]

[[Category:在美國被謀殺身亡者|L]]

[[Category:在國外被謀殺身亡英國人|L]]

[[Category:MBE勳銜|L]]

[[Category:摇滚名人堂入选者|L]]

[[Category:素食主義者|L]]