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{{Short description|American cargo ship}}
{{redirect|USS Iowan|other ships|USS Iowa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[Image:USS Iowan (ID-3002).jpg|300px|USS ''Iowan'' (ID-3002) is seen here in 1919 returning American troops from France.]]
|Ship caption=USS ''Iowan'' (ID-3002) is seen here in 1919 returning American troops from France.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship name=SS ''Iowan''
|Ship owner=[[American-Hawaiian Steamship Company]]
|Ship registry={{Flag icon|US|1912}} [[New York City|New York]]<ref name=NYT-seven_in>{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/05/30/107058811.pdf | title = Seven in forecastle killed in collision | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 30 May 1922 | access-date = 25 August 2008 | page = 21 }}</ref>
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=May 1912<ref name=Cochran-358>Cochran and Ginger, p. 358.</ref>
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=*[[Maryland Steel]]
*[[Sparrows Point, Maryland]]
|Ship original cost=$732,000<ref name=Cochran-365>Cochran and Ginger, p. 365.</ref>
|Ship yard number=132<ref name=Colton>{{Cite web|last=Colton |first=Tim |url=http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/1major/inactive/bethsparrowspoint.htm |title=Bethlehem Steel Company, Sparrows Point MD |work=Shipbuildinghistory.com |publisher=The Colton Company |access-date=25 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008154823/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/1major/inactive/bethsparrowspoint.htm |archive-date= 8 October 2008 }}</ref>
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=24 January 1914
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship completed=16 May 1914<ref name=Colton />
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship identification=*Official number: 212144<ref name=PMARS>{{cite PMARS | shipnumber = 5972 | shipname = Iowan | access-date = 19 September 2008 }}</ref>
*{{IMO Number|5535319}}<ref name=Miramar>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5535319|shipname=Iowan |access-date=25 August 2008 }}</ref>
|Ship fate=Requisitioned by U.S. Navy
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship country=United States 
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1919}}
|Ship name=USS ''Iowan'' (ID-3002)
|Ship acquired=12 August 1918
|Ship commissioned=12 August 1918
|Ship decommissioned=18 September 1919
|Ship struck=
|Ship fate=Returned to American-Hawaiian
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship name=*1919: SS ''Iowan''
*1943: SS ''Tashkent'' (''Ташкент'' in [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]])<ref name=FESCO>{{Cite web |title=Реестр флота ДВМП: Ташкент (Iowan) |url=http://ntic.msun.ru/ntic/exhibition/fesco/second/f705.html |language=ru |publisher=FESCO Transport Group |access-date=25 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107023419/http://ntic.msun.ru/ntic/exhibition/fesco/second/f705.html |archive-date=7 January 2008 }}.</ref>
|Ship namesake=1943: [[Tashkent]], the capital of [[Uzbekistan]]
|Ship owner=*1919: [[American-Hawaiian Steamship Company]]
*1942: [[War Shipping Administration]]
|Ship operator=
* 1942–1945: [[Soviet Pacific Fleet]]<ref name=NavSrc>{{Cite web| last = Radigan | first = Joseph M. | url = http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/173002.htm | title = Iowan (ID 3002) | work = Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive | publisher = NavSource Online | year = 2006 | access-date = 25 August 2008 }}</ref>
* 1945–1966: [[Far East Shipping Company]]<ref name=FESCO />
|Ship registry=*1919: {{Flag icon|United States}} New York
*1943: {{Flag icon|Soviet Union|civil}} Soviet Union<!-- port unspecified -->
|Ship fate=Transferred to [[North Korea]], 1966; scrapped 1969<ref name=NavSrc />
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Ship type=[[Cargo ship]]
|Ship tonnage={{GRT|6,529}}<ref name=Cochran-365 />
{{DWT|10,175|long}}<ref name=Cochran-365 />
|Ship length=*{{convert|407|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}} ([[length between perpendiculars|LPP]])<ref name=Miramar />
*{{convert|428|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}} ([[length overall|overall]])<ref name=DANFS />
|Ship beam={{convert|53|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=DANFS>{{cite DANFS | author = Naval Historical Center | author-link = Naval Historical Center | title = Iowan | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/i2/iowan.htm | short = on }}</ref>
|Ship draft={{convert|28|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=DANFS />
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth={{convert|31|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=PMARS-D1F>{{Cite web| url = https://pmars.marad.dot.gov/DisposalCard/All/5972_AF.jpg | format = scan of record | title = Disposal Card (front) | work = Property Management & Archive Record System (PMARS) | publisher = [[United States Maritime Administration]] | access-date = 25 August 2008 }}</ref>
|Ship propulsion=*oil-fired boilers<ref name=Cochran-357>Cochran and Ginger, p. 357.</ref>
*1 × [[quadruple expansion steam engine|quadruple-expansion]] [[steam engine]]<ref name=Miramar />
*1 × [[screw propeller]]<ref name=Cochran-357 />
|Ship speed={{convert|14|knots|km/h}}<ref name=DANFS />
|Ship capacity=Cargo: {{convert|490859|cuft}}<ref name=Cochran-365 />
|Ship crew=18 officers, 40 crewmen
|Ship notes=Sister ships: {{SS|Dakotan||2}}, {{SS|Montanan||2}}, {{SS|Pennsylvanian||2}}, {{SS|Minnesotan||2}}, {{SS|Washingtonian||2}}, {{SS|Panaman||2}}, {{SS|Ohioan|1914|2}}<ref name=Colton />
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=(as USS ''Iowan'')
|Ship displacement=14,375 t<ref name=DANFS />
|Ship troops=1,650<!-- simple calculation: 9,876 men / 6 trips --><ref name=Gleaves-256-57>Gleaves, pp. 256–57</ref>
|Ship capacity=
|Ship complement=96<ref name=DANFS />
|Ship armament=*1 × {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on}} gun
*1 × [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|6-pounder]] (2.7 kg) gun<ref name=DANFS />
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''SS ''Iowan''''' was a [[cargo ship]] built in 1914 for the [[American-Hawaiian Steamship Company]]. During [[World War I]] she was taken over by the [[United States Navy]] and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] as '''USS ''Iowan'' (ID-3002)'''. During [[World War II]], the ship was transferred to the [[Soviet Union]] and renamed '''SS ''Tashkent''''' (or '''''Ташкент''''' in [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]).

''Iowan'' was built by the [[Maryland Steel Company]] as one of eight sister ships for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. In October 1914, five months after she was delivered to American-Hawaiian, ''Iowan'' rammed and sank the [[United Fruit Company]] steamer ''Metapan'' near the entrance to [[New York Harbor]]. After repairs, ''Iowan'' resumed inter-coastal service via the [[Panama Canal]]. When the canal was temporarily closed by landslides in late 1915, ''Iowan'' sailed via the [[Straits of Magellan]] until the canal reopened in mid 1916. During World War I, USS ''Iowan'' carried cargo, animals, and a limited number of passengers to France, and returned nearly 10,000 American troops after the [[Armistice with Germany|Armistice]].

After her Navy service ended in 1919, she was returned to her original owners, who, at least once, [[ship chartering|chartered]] her to another shipping company. In May 1922, ''Iowan'' rammed and sank the Furness-Prince Line steamer ''Welsh Prince'' in the [[Columbia River]] near [[Astoria, Oregon]], killing seven men in the process. In June 1941, ''Iowan'' ran aground on a reef near [[Point Conception|Point Conception, California]], and suffered $500,000 in damages while buffeted by waves on the reef. She was freed from the reef after two weeks, towed to [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], and repaired.

In 1942, the ship was requisitioned by the [[War Shipping Administration]], which transferred her to the Soviet Union under the terms of [[Lend-Lease]] in December 1942. She was assigned to the [[Far East Shipping Company]] under her new name of SS&nbsp;''Tashkent'', but sailed with the [[Soviet Pacific Fleet]] throughout the war. She delivered cargo and troops in support of the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria|Soviet invasion]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]]-held territories in August 1945. After the war, the ship remained a part of the Soviet [[merchant fleet]] until 1966. She was transferred to [[North Korea]] at that time to become a fish processing facility, and was scrapped in 1969.

==Design and construction==
In May 1912, the [[American-Hawaiian Steamship Company]] placed an order with the [[Maryland Steel Company]] of [[Sparrows Point, Maryland]], for two new [[cargo ships]]—''Iowan'' and {{SS|Ohioan|1914|2}}.<ref group=Note>[[Maryland Steel Company|Maryland Steel]] had built three ships—{{SS|Kentuckian||2}}, ''Georgian'', and ''Honolulan''—for American-Hawaiian in 1909 in what proved to be a satisfactory arrangement for both companies. In September 1911 and November 1912, American-Hawaiian placed an order for ''Iowan''{{'}}s six older sister ships; {{SS|Minnesotan||2}}, {{SS|Dakotan||2}}, {{SS|Montanan||2}}, and {{SS|Pennsylvanian||2}} in the earlier order, {{SS|Washingtonian||2}} and {{SS|Panaman||2}} in the latter.</ref> The contract cost of the ships was set at the construction cost plus an 8% profit for Maryland Steel, but with a maximum cost of $640,000 per ship. The construction was financed by Maryland Steel with a credit plan that called for a 5% down payment in cash with nine monthly installments for the balance. Provisions of the deal allowed that some of the nine installments could be converted into longer-term notes or mortgages. The final cost of ''Iowan'', including financing costs, was $71.95 per [[deadweight tonnage|deadweight ton]], which came out to just over $732,000.<ref name=Cochran-358 />

''Iowan'' (Maryland Steel yard no. 132)<ref name=Colton /> was the first ship built under the contract. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 24 January 1914,<ref name=Miramar /> and delivered to American-Hawaiian on 16 May.<ref name=Colton /> The ship was {{GRT|6,529|disp=long}},<ref name=Cochran-365 /> and was {{convert|407|ft|7|in|m}} in length ([[length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]]) and {{convert|53|ft|6|in|m}} [[beam (nautical)|abeam]].<ref name=Miramar /> She had a [[deadweight tonnage]] of {{DWT|10,175|long}},<ref name=Cochran-365 /> and her cargo holds, which had a storage capacity of {{convert|490859|cuft}},<ref name=Cochran-365 /> were outfitted with a complete refrigeration plant so that she could carry perishable products from the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]]—like fresh produce from [[Southern California]] farms—to the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]].<ref name=LAT-california_cargo>{{cite news | title = California cargo of produce shipped to East | work = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = 3 October 1914 | page = II–8 }}</ref> ''Iowan'' had a single [[steam engine]] powered by oil-fired [[boiler]]s that drove a single [[screw propeller]] at a speed of {{convert|14|knots|km/h}}.<!-- speed --><ref name=Miramar /><ref name="Cochran-357"/><!--oil-fired, single screw -->

==Early career==
When ''Iowan'' began sailing for American-Hawaiian, the company shipped cargo from [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] ports via the [[Straits of Magellan]] to [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] ports and [[Hawaii]], and vice versa.<ref group=Note>Prior to the 21 April 1914 [[United States occupation of Veracruz]], American-Hawaiian had used the Tehuantepec Route, but after the U.S. action, that route was closed by the [[Victoriano Huerta|Huerta]]-led Mexican government. Shipments on that Tehuantepec Route would arrive at [[Mexico|Mexican]] ports—[[Salina Cruz]], Oaxaca, for eastbound cargo, and [[Coatzacoalcos]], Veracruz, for westbound cargo—and would traverse the [[Isthmus of Tehuantepec]] on the [[Tehuantepec National Railway]]. See: Hovey, p. 78.</ref> Eastbound shipments were primarily sugar and pineapple from Hawaii, while westbound cargoes were more general in nature.<ref name=Cochran-355-56>Cochran and Ginger, p. 355–56.</ref> With the opening of the Panama Canal on 15 August 1914, American-Hawaiian ships switched to taking that route.<ref name=Cochran-360>Cochran and Ginger, p. 360.</ref>

At 15:20 on 15 October 1914, the outbound ''Iowan'' rammed the [[United Fruit Company]] passenger and cargo steamer ''Metapan'' at the entrance of [[Ambrose Channel]] outside New York. ''Metapan'' had stopped in the dense fog, but ''Iowan'' was traveling at a rapid pace. When ''Iowan'' had appeared out of the fog some {{convert|200|to|300|yd|m}} from ''Metapan'', the United Fruit ship sounded three blasts on the ship's [[steam whistle|whistle]]—warning ''Iowan'' of the impending collision. ''Iowan''{{'}}s captain did not alter the ship's course, but did drop her anchor to try to slow the fully laden ship. Nevertheless, ''Iowan'' gashed the bow of ''Metapan'' and traveled almost halfway through the passenger ship. When ''Iowan'' pulled out three minutes later, ''Metapan'' began to sink rapidly. ''Metapan''{{'}}s captain ordered his ship to sail at full speed for shoals some {{convert|200|yd|m}} distant, on which the ship grounded in {{convert|18|ft|m}} of water. A variety of craft—including the nearby British [[Royal Navy]] [[cruiser]] {{HMS|Lancaster|1902|2}}—responded to ''Metapan''{{'}}s [[SOS]]. Even though the ship was resting on the bottom and the passengers in no immediate danger, most of the 78 passengers and 90 crewmen evacuated the ship in lifeboats and were picked up by rescue craft.<ref group=Note>''Metapan'' had been carrying $500,000 in gold bars from [[Colombia]] and was also transporting [[James Campbell Besley]]'s scientific expedition returning from [[Peru]] with two [[Inca]]n mummies, Incan jewelry and other artifacts, and {{convert|10000|ft|m}} of motion pictures documenting their finds. See: {{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/10/16/100678523.pdf | title = Liner Metapan sunk in harbor crash; 168 saved | work = The New York Times | date = 16 October 1914 | access-date = 2008-08-25 | pages = 1, 7 }}<br />''Metapan'' was raised and repaired, but sank again, this time permanently, when she struck a mine off [[North Africa]] during [[World War II]]. See: {{cite DANFS | last = Mann | first = Raymond A. | title = Bernadou | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/b5/bernadou-i.htm | date = 15 February 2006 | access-date = 25 August 2008 }}</ref> ''Iowan'', which suffered no casualties among her crew, attempted to return to her pier in [[Brooklyn]], but was unable and instead anchored in Ambrose Channel.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/10/16/100678523.pdf | title = Liner Metapan sunk in harbor crash; 168 saved | work = The New York Times | date = 16 October 1914 | access-date = 25 August 2008 | pages = 1, 7 }}</ref> ''Iowan''{{'}}s damage was restricted to her bow, which was crushed above the waterline. Two days later, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that ''Iowan'' was anchored off [[Clifton, Staten Island]], and awaiting inspection from surveyors.<ref>{{cite news | title = Trans-Atlantic ship news | work = [[The Wall Street Journal]] | date = 17 October 1914 | page = 6 }}</ref>

[[File:SS Metapan sunk by the SS Iowan.JPG|thumb|left|{{SS|Metapan}} sinking after being rammed by ''Iowan'' in 1914]]
After repairs and return to service, ''Iowan'' resumed her inter-coastal service. In May 1915, she was delayed by a large Pacific storm that was responsible for the sinking of the steamer ''Victoria'', and also damaged {{SS|Northern Pacific||2}} and {{SS|Harvard||2}}.<ref>{{cite news | title = Big storm subsiding | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 2 May 1915 | page = I–1 }}</ref> In mid-September the same year, ''Iowan'' sailed from [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] for the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]]. She arrived at [[Cristóbal, Colón|Cristóbal]], the Atlantic terminus of the Panama Canal, to find the canal closed by a major landslide—more than {{convert|1000000|cuyd}} of mud and dirt had collapsed into the [[Gaillard Cut]].<ref><!-- location -->{{cite news | title = Slide in Gaillard Cut blocks waterway traffic and canal may be closed for months to come | newspaper = [[The Washington Post]] | date = 19 December 1915 | page = R9 }}</ref><ref><!-- size -->{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/10/05/105041298.pdf | title = Must close canal for rest of month | work = The New York Times | date = 5 October 1915 | access-date = 2008-08-25 | page = 4 }}</ref> Initially, American-Hawaiian had ''Iowan'' wait in case the canal would soon reopen,<!-- date of sailing, origination --><ref name=LAT-ships>{{cite news | title = Ship's in port via Cape Horn | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 27 November 1915 | page = II–7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Around the horn again | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 7 October 1915 | page = II–1 }}</ref><!-- waited at Cristóbal --> but when it became apparent that the closure would last some time, perhaps as long as ten months,<ref>{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/10/14/105043056.pdf | title = Goethals tackles long canal fight | work = The New York Times | date = 14 October 1915 | access-date = 25 August 2008 | page = 3 }}</ref><ref group=Note>The canal finally reopened to shipping traffic on 15 April 1916. See: {{cite news | title = Panama Canal opens to ship traffic again | work = [[The Christian Science Monitor]] | date = 15 April 1916 | page = 18 }}</ref> ''Iowan'' was sent around [[South America]] to her destinations, Los Angeles and [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]].<ref name=LAT-ships /> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' reported that one portion of ''Iowan''{{'}}s delayed cargo consisted of [[Christmas]] toys for Los Angeles merchants. The newspaper went on to predict that the delay would be "very disastrous" for the holiday season.<ref>{{cite news | title = Toys delayed | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 17 October 1915 | page = I–10 }}</ref>

The balance of ''Iowan''{{'}}s activities over the next two years are unclear. She may have been in the half of the American-Hawaiian fleet that was [[ship chartering|chartered]] for transatlantic service. She may also have been in the group of American-Hawaiian ships chartered for service to South America, delivering coal, gasoline, and steel in exchange for coffee, [[nitrate]]s, cocoa, rubber, and [[manganese|manganese ore]].<ref name=Cochran-362>Cochran and Ginger, p. 362.</ref>

==World War I==
On 23 December 1917, some seven months after the United States declared war on [[German Empire|Germany]], the [[United States Navy]] acquired ''Iowan'' from American-Hawaiian. USS ''Iowan'' was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] the same day.<ref name=DANFS />

[[Image:U. S. Field Artillery in Chateau-Thierry.jpg|thumb|right|In her U.S. Navy service during [[World War I]], ''Iowan'' transported [[horse]]s for use by the [[American Expeditionary Force]], like these seen here with a U.S. [[field artillery]] unit at [[Château-Thierry]].]]
''Iowan'' loaded a cargo of 800 horses,<ref name=NNVet>{{Cite web| last = Krenzelok | first = Greg | title = Newport News Animal Transport ship List overseas to France during WW1 | url = http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gregkrenzelok/veterinary%20corp%20in%20ww1/newportnewsshiplist.html | access-date = 25 August 2008 }}</ref> along with flour, iron, and machinery at [[Newport News, Virginia]] and sailed for [[New York City|New York]] on 9 February 1918. There she joined a convoy that sailed for France on 11 February and arrived at its destination on 28 February;<ref name=DANFS /> ''Iowan'' discharged her equine passengers—less seven that died or were destroyed during the voyage—at Remount Depot No. 3 on 5 March.<ref name=NNVet /> ''Iowan'' continued carrying livestock and food products to France through the rest of the war.<ref name=DANFS /> On 9 November, ''Iowan'' took on 72 officers and men, and headed for France with cargo ship {{USS|Charlton Hall|ID-1359|2}} two days before the [[Armistice with Germany|Armistice]].<ref>Crowell and Wilson, p. 563.</ref>

With the fighting at an end, the task of bringing home American soldiers began almost immediately.<ref name=Gleaves-31>Gleaves, p. 31.</ref> ''Iowan'' was selected for conversion to a [[Troopship|troop transport]] and transferred to the [[Cruiser and Transport Force]],<ref name=Gleaves-256-57 /> but before she could begin returning troops, ''Iowan'' had to undergo conversion from a cargo and animal ship. Though sources do not indicate the specific modifications ''Iowan'' underwent, typical conversions for other ships included the installation of berths for troops, and adding greatly expanded cooking and toilet facilities to handle the large numbers of men aboard.<ref>Crowell and Wilson, p. 316.</ref> Similar modifications on ''Iowan''{{'}}s sister ship {{USS|Minnesotan|ID-4545|2}} took three months,<ref name=DANFS-Minn>{{cite DANFS | author = Naval Historical Center | author-link = Naval Historical Center | title = Minnesotan | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/m11/minnesotan.htm | short = on }}</ref> but it is not known how long ''Iowan''{{'}}s refit took. By the time ''Iowan'' had completed her sixth and final trooping voyage on 29 August 1919, ''Iowan'' had carried home 9,876 healthy and wounded men.<ref name=Gleaves-256-57 /> USS ''Iowan'' was decommissioned on 22 September 1919, and returned to American-Hawaiian.<ref name=DANFS />

==Interwar years==
''Iowan'' resumed cargo service with American-Hawaiian after her return from World War I service. Though the company had abandoned its original Hawaiian sugar routes by this time,<ref>Cochran and Ginger, p. 363</ref> ''Iowan'' continued inter-coastal service through the Panama Canal.	For a time in the early 1920s, ''Iowan'' was [[ship chartering|chartered]] to the [[United American Line]]. In May 1922, the [[Associated Press]] reported that ''Iowan'', sailing under the United American banner, was loading wheat, flour, and lumber at [[Tacoma, Washington]], for England and European ports.<ref>{{cite news | agency = [[Associated Press]] | title = News of ships and sailings in Pacific ports | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 21 May 1922 | page = I–11 }}</ref> Later that same month, on 29 May, ''Iowan'' rammed and sank the Furness-Prince Line cargo ship ''Welsh Prince'' in the [[Columbia River]] near [[Astoria, Oregon]]. Seven men aboard ''Welsh Prince'' were killed and three were injured in the crash and subsequent fire.<ref name=NYT-seven_in />

On 11 June 1941, ''Iowan'' departed Los Angeles with a cargo of {{convert|4500|LT|t}} of steel and iron pipe destined for San Francisco; [[Portland, Oregon]]; and [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], on her last voyage before she was to be handed over to the [[United States Maritime Commission]].<ref name=LAT-SN_0629>{{cite news | last = Austin | first = Tom | title = Shipping news and activities at Los Angeles Harbor | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 29 June 1941 | page = 19 }}</ref> At 04:20 on 12 June, ''Iowan'' ran aground on a reef a few hundred yards (meters) off shore from Government Point,<ref name=LAT-defense_cargo>{{cite news | title = Defense cargo ship crashes on reef in foggy weather | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 13 June 1941 | page = A1 }}</ref>—{{convert|117|nmi|km}} northwest of Los Angeles,<ref name=LAT-more_help>{{cite news | title = More help on way to vessel on reef off Government Point | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 14 June 1941 | page = A1 }}</ref>—near [[Point Conception]].<ref name=LAT-defense_cargo /> Salvage operations took some two weeks, but the ship was towed back to Los Angeles and placed in drydock at the [[Bethlehem Shipyard]] on [[Terminal Island]]. Approximately {{convert|100|ft|m}} of the ship's hull had been damaged while the ship was buffeted by waves on the reef, which had opened numerous holes in her [[hull (watercraft)|hull]]. The ship's drive shaft had broken, and her boilers and engines had shifted. The ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that estimates for ''Iowan''{{'}}s repair ranged up to $500,000.<ref name=LAT-grounded_ship>{{cite news | title = Grounded ship's damage estimated | work = Los Angeles Times | date  = 1 July 1941 | page = A14 }}</ref> In an inquiry held by the [[Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation]], ''Iowan''{{'}}s captain, S. A. Gates, a Californian with 25 years of sailing experience along the coast, blamed unusual tides for the grounding.<ref>{{cite news | title = Captain blames rare tide for grounding of freighter | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 2 July 1941 | page = A3 }}</ref>

==World War II and later career==
[[Image:Ташкент.jpg|thumb|right|SS ''Tashkent'' anchored near [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] during [[World War II]].]]
In 1942, after ''Iowan'' was repaired and after the United States had entered [[World War II]], the ship was requisitioned by the [[War Shipping Administration]] (WSA).<ref name=NavSrc /> On 6 December 1942, ''Iowan'' was transferred to the [[Soviet Union]] under [[Lend-Lease]], and renamed ''Tashkent'' (''Ташкент'' {{IPA|ru|tɐʂˈkʲɛnt}}) after [[Tashkent|the capital of Uzbekistan]].<!-- Cyrillic spelling --><ref name=FESCO /><ref name=NavSrc /><!-- other details --> Near the end of World War II, the WSA offered a payment of $694,743 to American-Hawaiian for the former ''Iowan'' as part of a $7.2 million settlement for eleven American-Hawaiian ships that had been requisitioned by the WSA.<ref>{{cite news | last = Stone | first = Leon | title = U.S. awards $7,247,637 to Hawaiian ship firm | work = The Christian Science Monitor | date = 31 March 1945 | page = 4 }}</ref>

''Tashkent'' was assigned to the [[Far East Shipping Company]] (<small>FESCO</small>), but sailed with the [[Soviet Pacific Fleet|Pacific Fleet]] of the [[Soviet Navy]] throughout the war. ''Tashkent'' was photographed at San Francisco at some point during the war,<ref name=NHC_photo>{{Cite web| author = Naval Historical Center | title = Picture Data: Photo #NH 89976 | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h89000/h89976c.htm | work = Online Library of Selected Images | publisher = Navy Department, Naval Historical Center | date = 17 April 2005 | access-date = 25 August 2008 }}</ref> but most of her other movements are not known. However, in August 1945, ''Tashkent'' delivered troops and cargo in support of the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria|Soviet invasions]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]]-held [[Manchuria]], [[Korea]], [[Sakhalin]], and the [[Kurile Islands]]. After the war's end, ''Tashkent'' returned to merchant operation with <small>FESCO</small> through 1966, when she was transferred to [[North Korea]] for use as a fish processing facility. The former ''Tashkent'' was scrapped in 1969.<ref name=NavSrc />

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last = Cochran | first = Thomas C. | author-link = Thomas C. Cochran (historian) |author2=Ray Ginger  | title = The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, 1899–1919 | journal = The Business History Review | volume = 28 | issue = 4 |date=December 1954 | pages = 343–365 | location = [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] | publisher = The President and Fellows of Harvard College | issn = 0007-6805 | oclc = 216113867 | doi = 10.2307/3111801 | jstor = 3111801 | s2cid = 154716297 | author2-link = Ray Ginger }}
* {{Cite book| last = Crowell  | first = Benedict  | author-link = Benedict Crowell |author2=Robert Forrest Wilson | title = The Road to France: The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies, 1917–1918 | url = https://archive.org/details/roadtofrancetra02wilsgoog  | series = How America Went to War: An Account From Official Sources of the Nation's War Activities, 1917–1920 | location = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] | publisher = [[Yale University Press]] | year = 1921 | oclc = 18696066 }}
* {{Gleaves}}
* {{Cite journal | last = Hovey | first = Edmund Otis | title = The Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Tehuantepec National Railway | journal = Bulletin of the American Geographical Society | volume = 39 | issue = 2 | year = 1907 | pages = 78–91 | location = New York | publisher = [[American Geographical Society]] | issn = 0190-5929 | oclc = 2097765 | doi = 10.2307/198380 | jstor = 198380 }}
* {{Cite DANFS | author = Naval Historical Center | author-link = Naval Historical Center | title = Iowan | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/i2/iowan.htm | access-date = 25 August 2008 }}
* {{Cite DANFS | author = Naval Historical Center | title = Minnesotan | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/m11/minnesotan.htm | access-date = 25 August 2008 | link = off }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{navsource|12/173002|Iowan}}

{{June 1941 shipwrecks}}
{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iowan}}
[[Category:Ships built in Sparrows Point, Maryland]]
[[Category:World War II merchant ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Cargo ships of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:World War II merchant ships of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Soviet Union–United States relations]]
[[Category:1914 ships]]
[[Category:World War I cargo ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Cargo ships of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in June 1941]]

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