| حروف صحیح
|
| IPA |
پنین |
انگریزین تقریبا
|
| ɕ
|
x
|
she
|
| f
|
f
|
fan
|
| j
|
y-, -i-
|
you
|
| k
|
g
|
skim
|
| kʰ
|
k
|
cup
|
| l
|
l
|
leaf
|
| m
|
m
|
moon
|
| n
|
n-, -n
|
noon
|
| ŋ
|
-ng
|
song
|
| p
|
b
|
span
|
| pʰ
|
p
|
pan
|
| ɻ
|
-r
|
area (ends syllable)
|
| s
|
s
|
see
|
| ʂ
|
sh
|
show; Russian Ш Polish SZ
|
| t
|
d
|
stand
|
| tʰ
|
t
|
tan
|
| tɕ
|
j
|
itchy
|
| tɕʰ
|
q
|
cheer
|
| ts
|
z
|
pizza
|
| tsʰ
|
c
|
tsunami (with t pronounced)
|
| tʂ
|
zh
|
pitcher
|
| tʂʰ
|
ch
|
church
|
| w
|
w-, -u-
|
water
|
| x
|
h
|
loch (Scottish English)
|
| ɥ
|
yu-, -ü-[ا]
|
(simultaneous y and w); French nuit
|
| ʐ
|
r-
|
pleasure; Russian Ж Polish Ż, RZ
|
|
| حروف علت
|
| IPA |
پنین |
انگریزین تقریبا
|
| a
|
a (a, an)
|
roughly like cat
|
| ɑ
|
a (ang), e (er)
|
car
|
| ɛ
|
e (ye), a (yan, yuan, ian)
|
yes
|
| œ
|
e (yue)
|
roughly like bird; German ö
|
| ə
|
e (en[ب])
|
about
|
| ɤ
|
e (eng)
|
roughly like Am.eng. sir
|
| i
|
yi/-i (yi, yin, ying)
|
see
|
| ɨ
|
i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri)
|
glasses[پ]
|
| ɔ
|
o (wo, bo, po, mo, fo)
|
war
|
| u
|
wu/-u
|
shoe
|
| ʊ
|
o (ong)
|
hook
|
| y
|
yu/-ü[ا] (yu, yun)
|
somewhat like few; French tu
|
| ادغام
|
| aɪ
|
ai
|
bye
|
| ɑʊ
|
ao
|
now
|
| eɪ
|
ei[ب]
|
day
|
| oʊ
|
ou[ب]
|
no
|
| انفی حروف علت
[ت]
|
| ɑ̃
|
ang (angr)
|
roughly like croissant
|
| ə̃
|
eng (engr)
|
roughly like uh-huh
|
| ʊ̃
|
ong (ongr)
|
roughly like own
|
| لب و لہجه
|
| بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ
|
پنین
|
تفصیل
|
| ǎ ɤ̌
|
á, é
|
mid rising: ˧˥
|
| â ɤ̂
|
à, è
|
high falling: ˥˩
|
| á ɤ́
|
ā, ē
|
high: ˥
|
| à, ɤ̀
|
ǎ, ě
|
medially, low: ˩
initially, mid falling: ˧˩
finally, low rising: ˩˧
in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧
|
| a, ɤ
|
a, e
|
"toneless":
low after the high falling tone ˥˩ and the high tone ˥ ;
mid after all other tones
|
|
