Tazama chanzo cha Zuhura

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{{Sayari
| alama              = [[File:Venus symbol (bold).svg|24px|♀]]
| majina_mengine     = Ng'andu<br>Venus ([[Kiingereza|Kng.]])
| nusujira_kuu       = km 108,208,927<br>au 0.723332
| uduaradufu         = 0.006772
| siku               = siku −116.75<br>([[mzunguko wa kinyume]])
| mbetuko            = 3.39458[[nyuzi|°]] toka [[njia ya Jua]]
| nusukipenyo        = km 6,051.8±1.0<br>mara 0.9499 ya Dunia
| msongamano         = g/cm<sup>3</sup> 5.243
| mvutano            = m/s<sup>2</sup> 8.87
| tungamo            = kg 4.8675×10<sup>24</sup><br>mara 0.815 ya Dunia
| halijoto           = [[Kelvini|K]] 737 (464[[°C]])
|weupe=0.76 ([[Weupe wa Bond|Bond]])<br>
0.689 ([[Weupe jiometri|jiometri]])
|asili_ya_jina=[[Kiarabu|Kar.]] اَلزُّهَرَة‎ (''az-zuhara'')
|siku_nyota=siku −243.0226<br>([[mzunguko wa kinyume]])
|mwendokaribu=[[km]] 107,477,094<br>[[Kizio astronomia|au]] 0.718440
|mwendombali=km 108,939,114<br>au 0.728213
|kipindi=[[siku]] 224.701<br>[[Mwaka|miaka]] 0.615198
|jina=Zuhura
|picha=Venus from Mariner 10.jpg
|ukubwa_picha=
|maelezo=Zuhura kama ilivyoonwa na [[Mariner 10]].
|matini_badala=Zuhura kama ilivyoonwa na [[Mariner 10]].
}}

[[Picha: Sunset at Grain Elevator 012 Cropped more.jpg|thumb|Zuhura ikionekana kama [[nyota]] ya kwanza wakati wa [[jioni]] kando ya [[mwezi]].]]

'''Zuhura''' ni [[sayari]] ya pili katika [[Mfumo wa Jua]]. Kati ya [[sayari]] zote za [[Jua]] ndiyo inayofanana zaidi na [[Dunia]] yetu. 

== Asili ya jina ==
Sayari hii ina [[jina|majina]] mawili kwa [[Kiswahili]]: Zuhura, kwa [[matamshi]] mengine pia "Zuhra", ni jina leye asili ya [[Kiarabu]] <big>زُهَرَة</big> ''zuhara'' lenye maana asilia ya "mwenye kung'aa".
 
Ng'andu ni jina lenye asili ya [[Kibantu]].

== Tabia za sayari ==
Kwenye [[anga]] la [[usiku]] inang'aa kushinda nyota zote isipokuwa [[mwezi]]. Kutokana na [[nguvu]] ya [[mwanga]] wake inaonekana mapema kati ya [[nyota]] za kwanza zinazoonekana jioni; vilevile huwa inaonekana kama nyota ya mwisho wakati wa [[pambazuko]]. 

Zuhura ina [[umbali]] wa kati ya [[kilomita]] [[milioni]] 107.5 - 108.9 kutoka Jua. Umbali kutoka Dunia yetu hutegemea na mahali pa Dunia na Zuhura kwenye mizingo yao ya kuzunguka Jua: uko kati ya kilomita milioni 38.3-260.9. 

[[Ukubwa]] wake na pia [[kemia]] yake zinafanana sana na Dunia ikiwa [[kipenyo]] chake ni km 12,103.6 kwenye [[ikweta]].

Haina [[mwezi]] wowote. 

[[Mwaka]] wa Zuhura (ambao ni muda wa kutimiza [[njiamzingo]] moja wa kuzunguka Dunia) una siku 224.7 za Dunia. 

[[Siku]] ya Zuhura (ambayo ni muda wa duru moja ya sayari yenyewe) ina siku 243 za Dunia.

Zuhura ni sayari yenye mzunguko kufuatana na mwendo wa saa.

[[Hali ya hewa]] ni ya [[joto]] sana, kwa wastani [[sentigredi]] 500. [[Hewa]] yake ni hasa ya [[kabonidaioksaidi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/V/Venusatmos.html |title="Atmosphere of Venus". The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflght. Iliangaliwa Agosti 2018 |accessdate=2018-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402130541/http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/V/Venusatmos.html |archivedate=2019-04-02 }}</ref> inayosababisha ma[[wingu]] mengi yanayozuia [[sura]] yake isionekane kwa [[darubini]]. Kutokana na [[halijoto]] kali hakuna [[maji]].

== Utafiti ==
[[Warusi]] na [[Wamarekani]] walifaulu kupeleka [[vipimaanga]] mbalimbali hadi Zuhura, vingine vilipita na kupima [[hewa]], vingine vilifika kwenye sura ya sayari na kutuma [[picha]] za [[mazingira]] hadi kuharibika kutokana na joto kali.

Uso wa sayari umefanyiwa [[utafiti]] kwa msaada wa [[rada]] kutoka vipimaanga [[Magellan (kipimaanga)|Magellan]] na [[Pioneer-Venus]]. Kutokana na matokeo yake [[ramani]] ya kwanza ilitokea. Sehemu kubwa ya sayari ni [[tambarare]] yenye vilima na mabonde yasiyo marefu. Kutokana na joto kubwa (mnamo 500[[°C]]) hakuna [[maji]] wala [[bahari]]. 
[[Picha:Venus map with labels.jpg|thumb|Ramani hii ya Zuhura imepatikana kutokana na vipimo vya rada; rangi ya buluu huonyehsa maeneo yaliyo karibu na uwiano wa wastani wa sayari; ]]   
Kuna sehemu mbili ambako [[nyanda za juu]] zinapanda juu ya uwiano wa kawaida na hizi zilifananishwa na [[kontinenti]] za Dunia. Karibu na [[ikweta]] ya Zuhura iko sehemu inayoitwa "Aphrodite Terra" yenye ukubwa kama [[Amerika Kusini]]. Kwenye upande wa [[mashariki]] kuna [[safu za milima]] na mabonde makubwa pamoja na [[volkeno]]. Sehemu ya pili huitwa "Ishtar Terra" yenye ukubwa sawa na [[Australia]] kwenye Dunia. Hapa kuna [[milima ya Maxwell]] yenye urefu wa [[mita]] 10.800 juu ya uwiano wa wastani. 

==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/V/Venus.html D. Darling, Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight]
* [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/venus Venus profile] at NASA's Solar System Exploration site
* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/venuspage.html Missions to Venus] and [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/thumbnail_pages/venus_thumbnails.html Image catalog] at the [[National Space Science Data Center]]
* [http://www.mentallandscape.com/V_Venus.htm Soviet Exploration of Venus] and [http://www.mentallandscape.com/C_CatalogVenus.htm Image catalog] at Mentallandscape.com
* [http://www.nineplanets.org/venus.html Venus page] at ''[[The Nine Planets]]''
* [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/transit/catalog/VenusCatalog.html Transits of Venus] at NASA.gov
* [http://www.geody.com/?world=venus Geody Venus], a search engine for surface features

=== Kuhusu ramani za Zuhura ===
* [http://www.mapaplanet.org/explorer/venus.html Map-a-Planet: Venus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapaplanet.org/explorer/venus.html |date=20071005184007 }} by the [[U.S. Geological Survey]]
* [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/VENUS/target Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Venus] by the [[International Astronomical Union]]
* [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/vc/vchome.shtml Venus crater database] by the [[Lunar and Planetary Institute]]
* [http://planetologia.elte.hu/venusz-terkep-elte-ttk-kavucs.pdf Map of Venus] by [[Eötvös Loránd University]]
* [https://www.google.com/maps/space/venus/@33.5623476,-46.1493481,7057278m/data=!3m1!1e3 Google Venus 3D], interactive map of the planet

{{mbegu-sayansi}}
{{mfumo wa jua na sayari zake}}

[[Jamii:zuhura]]

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