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{{Jedwali la nchi|jina_rasmi=Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania|lugha_rasmi={{hlist |[[Kiswahili]]|[[Kiingereza]]}}|kaulimbiu="Uhuru na Umoja"|wimbo="[[Mungu ibariki Afrika]]"<br>[[File:Tanzanian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]|mji_mkubwa=[[Dar es Salaam]]|mji_mkuu=[[Dodoma]]|latd=6|latm=11|latNS=S|longd=35|longm=44|longEW=E|serikali=[[Jamhuri]]|vyeo_viongozi={{*}}[[Orodha ya Marais wa Tanzania|Rais]]<br>{{*}}[[Orodha ya Makamu wa Rais Tanzania|Makumu wa Rais]]<br>{{*}}[[Orodha ya Mawaziri Wakuu wa Tanzania|Waziri Mkuu]]<br>{{*}} [[Orodha ya Maspika wa Bunge la Tanzania|Spika]]<br>{{*}} Jaji Mkuu|majina_viongozi=[[Samia Suluhu  Hassan]]<br>[[Philip Isdor Mpango]]<br>[[Kassim Majaliwa]]<br>[[Tulia Ackson]]<br>[[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]]|muundo_uhuru='''Uhuru''' kutoka [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]|tarehe_uhuru=9 Desemba 1961 ([[Tanganyika]])<br>10 Desemba 1963 ([[Zanzibar]])|eneo_jumla=947 303<ref name="worldfactbook">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Tanzania|access-date=30 Machi 2024|year=2023}}</ref>|maji=6.4<ref name="worldfactbook"/>|watu_kadirio=65 642 682<ref name="worldfactbook"/>|sensa=Sensa ya 2022|watu_sensa=61 741 120<ref name="sensa22"/>|pato={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 84.033<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=738,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Tanzania) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 Oktoba 2023 |access-date=14 Oktoba 2023}}</ref>|pato_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} USD 1 326<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" />|pato_halisi={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 227.725<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" />|pato_halisi_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} USD 3 595<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" />|mwaka_maendeleo=2021|maendeleo={{ongezeko}} 0.549<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[Mradi wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa]]|date=13 Machi 2024|access-date=22 Machi 2023|archive-date=19 Machi 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319085123/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx}}</ref> - {{duni}}|fedha=[[Shilingi ya Tanzania]]|majira_saa=+3<br>([[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]])|udereva=Kushoto|iso3166=[[ISO 3166-2:TZ|TZ]]|tld=[[.tz]]|jina_kawaida=Tanzania|matini_nembo=Nembo ya Tanzania|matini_bendera=Bendera ya Tanzania|dini=63.1 [[Wakristo]]<br>34.1 [[Waislamu]]<br>1.5 [[Ukanamungu|Wakanamungu]]<br>1.2 [[Dini asilia za Kiafrika|dini asilia]]<br>0.1 wengine|msimbo_simu=[[Namba za simu Tanzania|+255]]|maelezo_ramani=Mahali pa Tanzania katika Afrika ya Mashariki|maelezo_ramani2=Ramani ya Tanzania|matini_ramani=Mahali pa Tanzania katika Afrika ya Mashariki|matini_ramani2=Ramani ya Tanzania|bendera=File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|nembo=File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|ramani=File:Tanzania_(orthographic_projection).svg|ramani2=File:Tanzania map-sw.svg|muundo_tarehe=siku/mwezi/mwaka|idadi_makabila=Kupita [[Orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania|makabila 125]]|ukubwa_ramani2=250|latd2=6|latm2=48|latNS2=S|longd2=39|longm2=17|longEW2=E|lugha_taifa=[[Kiswahili]]}}

'''Tanzania''' (jina rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania''') ni [[nchi]] iliyoko [[Afrika ya Mashariki]], ndani ya ukanda wa [[Nchi za Maziwa Makuu|maziwa makuu ya Afrika]]. Imepakana na [[Uganda]] na [[Kenya]] upande wa [[kaskazini]], [[Bahari Hindi]] upande wa [[mashariki]], [[Msumbiji]], [[Malawi]] na [[Zambia]] upande wa [[kusini]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Rwanda]] upande wa [[magharibi]].

Eneo lina [[kilometa za mraba]] 947,303 (nchi ya 31 [[duniani]]); [[maji ya ndani]] yanachukua [[asilimia]] 6.2. [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], [[mlima]] mrefu zaidi barani [[Afrika]], upo kaskazini-mashariki mwa Tanzania.

[[Idadi]] ya watu kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] ilikuwa 61,741,120<ref name="sensa22">{{Cite report|title=Sensa ya Watu na Makazi ya Mwaka 2022: Matokeo ya Mwanzo|author=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu – Tanzania|date=Oktoba 2022|url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/uploads/statistics/documents/sw-1705484563-matokeomwanzooktoba2022.pdf}}</ref>, (nchi ya 24 duniani) kutoka 44,928,923 waliohesabiwa katika sensa ya mwaka [[2012]], likiwa ongezeko la 3.2% kwa mwaka.

[[Msongamano]] ni wa watu 47.5 kwa [[km²]] (nchi ya 124 duniani).

[[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Dodoma mjini|Dodoma]] (wenye wakazi 765,179), lakini [[Dar es Salaam]] ndilo [[jiji]] kubwa zaidi, lenye watu 5,383,728. 

[[Mji|Miji]] mingine ni kama vile [[Mwanza (mji)|Mwanza]] (1,004,521), [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] (616,631), [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] (541,603), [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]] (471,409), [[Kahama (mji)|Kahama]] (453,654), [[Tanga (mji)|Tanga]] (393,429), [[Geita (mji)|Geita]] (361,671), [[Tabora (mji)|Tabora]] (308,741) na [[Sumbawanga (mji)|Sumbawanga]] (303,986).<ref>{{Cite report|title=Administrative Units Population Distribution Report|date=Desemba 2022|author=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu – Tanzania|language=en|url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf}}</ref>

==Jina==
[[Jina]] "Tanzania" liliundwa kama mkusanyiko wa majina ya maeneo mawili yaliyoungana kuunda nchi: [[Tanganyika]] na [[Zanzibar (Jiji)|Zanzibar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=tanzania {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of the name tanzania by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tanzania|work=www.etymonline.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en}}</ref> Jina lilipatikana kwa mashindano yaliyotangazwa mwaka 1964 na serikali kutafuta jina fupi zaidi kuliko "Jamhuri ya Tanganyika na Zanzibar". 

Mshindi alikuwa mwenyeji wa Dar es Salaam aliyeitwa [[Mohamed Iqbal Dar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kalulunga.blogspot.com/2011/06/mfahamu-aliyebuni-jina-la-tanzania.html|title=KALULUNGA BLOG: Mfahamu aliyebuni Jina la Tanzania.|author=Gordon Kalulunga|date=2011-06-17|work=KALULUNGA BLOG|accessdate=2019-04-28|archivedate=2019-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428071031/http://kalulunga.blogspot.com/2011/06/mfahamu-aliyebuni-jina-la-tanzania.html}}</ref>. Alipendekeza kuunganisha [[herufi]] tatu za kwanza za [[Tanganyika|TANganyika]] na [[Zanzibar|ZANzibar]] akafikia "Tanzan". Hakuridhika bado, akaona nchi nyingi za Afrika zina majina yanayoishia na "ia" akaongeza herufi hizi. Mwenyewe alieleza baadaye chaguo lake kwamba aliamua kutumia "I" ya jina lake Iqbal na "A" ya jina la dhehebu lake analolifuata katika Uislamu la [[Ahmadiyya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/mohammed-iqbal-dar-mbunifu-wa-jina-la-tanzania/|title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mbunifu wa jina la Tanzania|date=2016-03-07|work=Global Publishers|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>

Jina "Tanganyika" linatokana na maneno ya [[Kiswahili]] "tanga" na "nyika", yakiunda msemo "tanga nyikani". Wakati fulani inaelezwa kama marejeleo ya Ziwa Tanganyika. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Loading...|url=http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|work=home.frognet.net|accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref> Jina la Zanzibar linatokana na "[[zenji]]", jina la watu wa eneo hilo (inadaiwa lina maana ya "nyeusi"), na neno la Kiarabu "barr", ambalo linamaanisha pwani au ufukwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=zanzibar {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of the name zanzibar by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/zanzibar|work=www.etymonline.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en}}</ref>

== Historia ==
{{main|Historia ya Tanzania|Historia ya Zanzibar}}
''(Kuhusu historia ya maeneo ya Tanzania kabla ya 1964 angalia makala za [[Tanganyika (nchi)|Tanganyika]], [[Zanzibar]] na [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]])''

Kabla ya uhuru nchi zote mbili, Tanganyika na Zanzibar, zilikuwa chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Uingereza]] lakini hazikuwa makoloni ya kawaida.

Zanzibar ilikuwa na hali ya [[nchi lindwa]] kutokana na mikataba kati ya ma[[sultani]] wa Zanzibar na [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] ([[Uingereza]]).

Tanganyika iliwahi kuwa sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] hadi [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] halafu ikawa chini ya Uingereza kama [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]] kutokana na azimio la [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] lililoweka Tanganyika katika ngazi "B" ya maeneo ya kudhaminiwa.

Tanganyika na Zanzibar zilikuwa nchi mbili tofauti hadi [[1964]], zilipoungana na kuwa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania. Hapo kiongozi wa Tanganyika [[Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere]] alipata kuwa [[Rais]] wa kwanza na kiongozi wa [[mapinduzi]] ya Zanzibar [[Abedi Amani Karume]] akawa [[Makamu wa Kwanza wa Rais]].

Tanzania, chini ya Rais wa awamu ya pili [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] ([[1985]]–[[1995]]) iliruhusu mfumo wa [[vyama vingi vya siasa Tanzania]] na kuanza mpango wa kurekebisha [[uchumi]] kuendana na masharti ya [[Benki ya Dunia]] na [[Shirika la Fedha Duniani]]. 

Rais wa awamu ya tatu, [[Benjamin Mkapa]] ([[1995]]–[[2005]]) aliendeleza mfumo wa uchumi wa [[soko huria]] ambapo mashirika ya umma yalibinafsishwa.

Tarehe [[21 Desemba]] [[2005]] [[Jakaya Kikwete]] aliapishwa kuwa Rais wa nne wa taifa ([[2005]]–[[2015]]), naye aliendeleza sera za watangulizi wake akitokea chama hichohicho cha [[CCM]]. 

Tarehe [[5 Novemba]] 2015 aliapishwa Rais wa awamu ya tano, [[John Magufuli]] (wa CCM vilevile). 

Kufuatana na kifo chake tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[2021]], makamu wake, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], aliapishwa kuwa Rais wa awamu ya sita.

==Jiografia==
{{main|Jiografia ya Tanzania|Maziwa ya Tanzania|Mito ya Tanzania|Orodha ya milima ya Tanzania|Funguvisiwa la Zanzibar}}

Ikiwa na eneo la kilomita za mraba 947,303 (365,756 sq mi), Tanzania ni nchi ya 13 kwa ukubwa barani Afrika na ya 31 kwa ukubwa duniani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2014-02-09|accessdate=2022-06-15|archivedate=2014-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html}}</ref> Inapakana na Kenya na Uganda upande wa kaskazini; Rwanda, Burundi, na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo upande wa magharibi; na Zambia, Malawi, na Msumbiji upande wa kusini.

[[File:Olduvai stone chopping tool (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|right|Zana ya kukatia mawe yenye umri wa miaka milioni 1.8 iligunduliwa huko [[Olduvai Gorge]] na kuonyeshwa kwenye [[British Museum]].]]

Tanzania iko kwenye pwani ya mashariki ya Afrika na ina ufuo wa [[Bahari ya Hindi]] takriban kilomita 424 (885 mi).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Review of the state of world marine capture fisheries management: Indian Ocean.|url=https://www.fao.org/3/a0477e/a0477e13.htm|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=2022-06-15}}</ref> Pia inajumuisha visiwa kadhaa vya pwani, vikiwemo [[Unguja]] (Zanzibar), [[Pemba (kisiwa)|Pemba]], na [[Kisiwa cha Mafia|Mafia]]. Tanzania ni nchi yenye sehemu za juu na za chini kabisa barani Afrika: [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], wenye urefu wa mita 5,895 (futi 19,341) juu ya usawa wa bahari, na kina cha [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], katika mita 1,471 (futi 4,826) chini ya usawa wa bahari kwa mtiririko huo.

[[File:Wildebeest Migration in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|Uhamaji wa Nyumbu [[Serengeti]]]]

Tanzania ina milima na misitu minene kaskazini-mashariki, ambako kuna Mlima Kilimanjaro. Nchi iko katika eneo la [[Maziwa makubwa ya Afrika]], hivyo [[Ziwa|maziwa]] yanafunika km<sup>2</sup> 61,500, yaani 6% za eneo lote la nchi. Upande wa kaskazini na magharibi kuna [[Ziwa Viktoria|Ziwa Victoria]], ziwa kubwa zaidi barani Afrika, na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], ziwa lenye kina kirefu zaidi barani humo, linalojulikana kwa aina yake ya kipekee ya samaki. Upande wa kusini magharibi kuna [[Nyasa (ziwa)|Ziwa Nyasa]]. Eneo la katikati mwa Tanzania ni uwanda mkubwa, wenye tambarare na ardhi ya kilimo. Ukanda wa mashariki una joto na unyevunyevu, huku Visiwa vya Zanzibar vikiwa karibu. Maporomoko ya maji ya [[Mto Kalambo|Kalambo]] katika mkoa wa kusini-magharibi mwa [[Rukwa]] ni maporomoko ya pili kwa urefu barani Afrika, na yanapatikana karibu na ufuo wa kusini-mashariki wa Ziwa Tanganyika kwenye mpaka na Zambia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kalambo Falls {{!}} waterfall, East Africa {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kalambo-Falls|work=www.britannica.com|accessdate=2022-06-15|language=en}}</ref> Eneo la [[Hifadhi ya Menai Bay]] visiwani Zanzibar ndilo eneo kubwa zaidi la bahari lililohifadhiwa.

==Hali ya hewa==
{{Main|Tabia ya nchi Tanzania}}
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map TZA present.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|Ramani ya Tanzania ya uainishaji wa hali ya hewa Köppen]]
Hali ya hewa inatofautiana sana ndani ya Tanzania. Katika nyanda za juu, halijoto huanzia 10 hadi 20 °C (50 na 68 °F) wakati wa msimu wa baridi na joto kwa mtiririko huo.

{{multiple image
|align = right
|direction = horizontal
|image1 = Elephant and Kilimanjaro.jpg
|caption1 = Tembo akipita karibu na [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]]
|width1 = 180
|image2 = Ngorongoro Crater.jpg
|caption2 = [[Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro]]
|width2 = 160
|header_align = centre
}}

Tanzania hupata [[majira ya joto]] katika [[Mwezi (wakati)|miezi]] ya [[Desemba]], [[Januari]] na [[Februari]] (25–31 °C au 77.0–87.8 °F) huku kipindi cha baridi zaidi kikitokea kati ya [[Mei]] na [[Agosti]] (15–20 °C au 59–68 °F). Halijoto ya kila mwaka ni 20 °C (68.0 °F). 

Hali ya hewa ni baridi katika maeneo ya milima mirefu. Tanzania ina vipindi viwili vikuu vya mvua: mvua za [[vuli]] hunyesha katika miezi ya [[Oktoba]], [[Novemba]] na [[Desemba]] na mvua za [[masika]] hunyesha katika miezi ya [[Machi]], [[Aprili]] na [[Mei]] ingawa zipo tofauti ndogo kati ya sehemu mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1075513535|title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March-May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing.|last=Zorita|first=Eduardo|last2=Tilya|first2=Faustine|date=2002|oclc=1075513535}}</ref> Kiasi cha mvua na halijoto husababisha tofauti za aina ya [[uoto wa asili]], [[udongo]] na aina ya [[mazao]] yanayolimwa.

Mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa nchini Tanzania yanasababisha kuongezeka kwa joto na uwezekano mkubwa wa matukio ya mvua kubwa (kusababisha mafuriko) na vipindi vya ukame.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania|work=www.climatelinks.org|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Future Climate for Africa|year=2017|title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania|url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf|website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa tayari yanaathiri sekta za kilimo, rasilimali za maji, afya na nishati nchini Tanzania. Kupanda kwa kina cha bahari na mabadiliko ya ubora wa maji kunatarajiwa kuathiri uvuvi na ufugaji wa samaki.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania|work=www.adaptation-undp.org|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en|archivedate=2022-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416075500/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania}}</ref>[[File:Mannetjes masaigiraffe in de Serengeti, Tanzania, -12 januari 2013 a.jpg|thumb|Twiga Masai ni mnyama wa taifa la Tanzania]]

Tanzania ilitoa [[Mpango wa Kitaifa wa Kukabiliana na Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi]] (NAPAs) mwaka 2007 kama ilivyoagizwa na [[Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi]]. Mwaka 2012, Tanzania ilitoa Mkakati wa Kitaifa wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi ili kukabiliana na wasiwasi unaoongezeka wa athari mbaya za mabadiliko ya tabianchi katika mazingira ya kijamii na kiuchumi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net|url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0|work=web.archive.org|date=2021-04-17|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2021-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0}}</ref>

==Wanyamapori na Hifadhi==
{{Main|Wanyamapori nchini Tanzania}}
{{See also|Mbuga za Taifa la Tanzania}}Tanzania ina takriban 20% ya [[spishi]] za wanyama wengi wa [[Afrika]] wenye [[damu moto]], wanapatikana kwenye mbuga zake za Taifa, hifadhi na [[bahari]]. Hifadhi za Taifa na mbuga za wanyama zimeenea katika eneo la zaidi ya kilomita za mraba 42,000 (sq. mi 16,000) na kuunda karibu 38% ya eneo la nchi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania travel guide {{!}} Tanzania {{!}} Zepisa African safaris|url=https://www.zepisaafricansafaris.com/tanzania-travel-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-12-01|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2020-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201202741/https://www.zepisaafricansafaris.com/tanzania-travel-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|title=Indigenous People in Africa: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights|last=Ridwan|first=Laher|last2=Korir|first2=SingíOei|date=2014-05-05|publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa|isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1|language=en}}</ref> Tanzania ina mbuga 21 za taifa, pamoja na hifadhi mbalimbali za wanyamapori na misitu, ikijumuisha [[Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro]]. Magharibi mwa Tanzania, [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Gombe]] ni kitovu ya uchunguzi unaoendelea wa [[Jane Goodall]] wa tabia ya [[Sokwe (Hominidae)|sokwe]], ambao ulianza mwaka wa 1960.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The official site of the Tanzania National Parks - Gombe Stream National Park|url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2014-10-04|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2014-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC|title=Nature's strongholds : the world's greatest wildlife reserves|last=Riley|first=Laura|date=2005|publisher=Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press|others=unknown library|isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref>

Tanzania ina [[bioanuwai]] nyingi na ina aina mbalimbali za makazi ya wanyama.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua|title=Biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa and its islands : conservation, management, and sustainable use|last=Stuart|first=S. N.|date=1990|publisher=Gland, Switzerland : IUCN|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2}}</ref>  Katika uwanda wa [[Hifadhi ya Serengeti|Serengeti]] nchini Tanzania, [[nyumbu]] (''Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi''), "[[Bovids|''bovids'']]" wengine na [[Punda milia|pundamilia]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Serengeti wildebeest migration explained with moving map|url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration|work=www.expertafrica.com|accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref> hushiriki katika uhamaji mkubwa wa kila mwaka. Tanzania ni nyumbani kwa takriban spishi 130 za [[amfibia]] na zaidi ya spishi 275 za wanyama watambaao, wengi wao wanapatikana Tanzania tu na wamejumuishwa katika orodha ya [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]].<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf |date=16 July 2020 }}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref>  Tanzania ina idadi kubwa ya simba duniani.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html|title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says|first=Edward Qorro in|last=Arusha|date=12 Agosti 2019|website=allAfrica.com|language=en}}</ref>

Tanzania ilikuwa na alama 7.13/10 kwenye [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mwaka 2019, ilishika nafasi ya 54 duniani kati ya nchi 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|display-authors=1|year=2020|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|page=5978|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|issn=2041-1723|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.}}</ref>

== Miundo ya muungano ==
Tangu muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar kufanyika mwaka 1964 Tanzania imekuwa na miundo ifuatayo:
* Nchi inatawaliwa na [[serikali ya muungano]] ikitekeleza [[sheria]] zinazotolewa na [[bunge la Tanzania]].
* [[Tanganyika]] au Tanzania bara haina [[serikali]] wala [[bunge]] la pekee.
* [[Zanzibar]] (visiwa vya [[Unguja]] na [[Kisiwa cha Pemba|Pemba]]) ina serikali na bunge lake vinavyoratibu mambo yasiyo ya muungano.

Mambo yafuatayo yamekubalika kuwa shughuli za muungano:
* Mambo ya nje
* Jeshi
* Polisi
* Mamlaka ya dharura
* Uraia
* Uhamiaji
* Biashara ya nje
* Utumishi wa umma
* Kodi ya mapato, forodha
* Bandari, Usafiri wa anga, Posta na Simu

==Utawala==
{{main|Mikoa ya Tanzania|Wilaya za Tanzania}}[[Muundo]] wa [[uongozi]] na [[utawala]] katika kipindi cha [[ukoloni]] ulizingatia mgawanyo wa [[madaraka]] baina ya mihimili mitatu ya [[dola]] yaani [[serikali]], [[bunge]] na [[mahakama]]. 

Tangu [[uhuru]], mgawanyo wa madaraka na uhusiano miongoni mwa mihimili hiyo uliimarishwa kwa kuzingatia wakati, mahitaji ya [[demokrasia]] na misingi ya [[utawala bora]] na umeainishwa pia katika [[katiba]] ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania Ibara ya 4 (1). 

Kuwepo kwa [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] pia kulikuwa hatua ya kuendelea kuimarisha utawala wa ushiriki wa wananchi kadiri mahitaji ya upanuzi wa maono na [[falsafa]] [[duniani]].

[[Ugatuzi]], yaani mgawanyo wa kiutawala, unafuata Katiba ya nchi I 2.2. Tanzania imegawiwa kwa [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa]] 31. Kila [[mkoa]] huwa na [[wilaya]] ndani yake. Jumla ya wilaya ni 169, ambazo kati yake 34 ni miji.

Ndani ya wilaya kuna ngazi za [[tarafa]] na [[kata]]. 

Chini ya kata kuna [[vijiji]] na wakati mwingine ngazi ya chini tena ambayo ni vitongoji. 

{| class="wikitable"
!Mkoa
!Makao Makuu
!Mkoa
!Makao Makuu
!Ramani ya mikoa
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]]
|[[Arusha]]
|[[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]]
|[[Mwanza]]
| rowspan="15" |{{Tanzania_Regions_Labelled_Map|width=450}}
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]]
|[[Dar es Salaam]]
|[[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njombe]]
|[[Njombe]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Dodoma|Dodoma]]
|[[Dodoma]]
|[[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini|Pemba Kaskazini]]
|[[Wete]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Geita|Geita]]
|[[Geita]]
|[[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]]
|[[Chake Chake]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]]
|[[Iringa]]
|[[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]]
|[[Kibaha]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Kagera|Kagera]]
|[[Bukoba]]
|[[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]]
|[[Sumbawanga]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Katavi|Katavi]]
|[[Mpanda]]
|[[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]]
|[[Songea]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Kigoma|Kigoma]]
|[[Kigoma]]
|[[Mkoa wa Shinyanga|Shinyanga]]
|[[Shinyanga]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]]
|[[Moshi]]
|[[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]]
|[[Bariadi]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]]
|[[Lindi]]
|[[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]]
|[[Singida]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Manyara|Manyara]]
|[[Babati]]
|[[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]]
|[[Tabora]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Mara|Mara]]
|[[Musoma]]
|[[Mkoa wa Tanga|Tanga]]
|[[Tanga]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]]
|[[Mbeya]]
|[[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Zanzibar Kati/Kusini]]
|[[Koani]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]]
|[[Morogoro]]
|[[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]]
|[[Mkokotoni]]
|-
|[[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]]
|[[Mtwara]]
|[[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Magharibi]]
|[[Zanzibar]]
|}
== Watu ==
[[File:Human_population_density_Tanzania.png|thumb|Msongamano wa watu nchini mwaka 2022.|300x300px]]
Watu wa Tanzania hawaenei sawasawa. Katika maeneo makavu sana, kwa wastani kuna mtu mmoja tu kwa kilomita ya mraba (1/km²), lakini sehemu zenye [[rutuba]] za [[bara]], kuna watu 51 kwa kila kilomita ya mraba. Hatimaye huku [[Unguja]] kuna watu 134 kwa kilomita ya mraba na katika [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam]] ni 3,133 kwa kilomita ya mraba.

Asilimia 70 hivi huishi [[kijiji|vijijini]], ingawa uhamiaji mijini unakwenda kasi.<ref>Athuman Mtulya (26 September 2013) "Report reveals rapid rural -urban migration". thecitizen.co.tz.</ref>

===Makabila===
Jamii nyingi za watu zimeishi na kushirikiana katika eneo la Tanzania bara kwa [[milenia]] nyingi.
[[Picha:Sukump1.jpg|thumb|300px|Wasukuma ndio kabila kubwa zaidi nchini.]]
Kati ya jamii hizo, nyingi zilikuja kutoka maeneo mengine ya Afrika. 

Nyingi katika jamii zilizohamia sehemu hii ziliingia katika makundi madogomadogo kwa [[amani]], ingawa ziko zilizoingia kwa njia ya [[uvamizi]] na [[vita]]. Baadhi ya jamii zilizovamiwa zilijihami na kuwazuia wahamiaji wasiendelee kuteka maeneo mengine.

Kufikia mwaka [[1884]], wakati Wajerumani walipoanza harakati za kufanya sehemu hii ya Afrika kuwa [[koloni]] lao, kulikuwa na [[Kabila|makabila]] zaidi ya 120 katika eneo la Tanzania bara.

Kuna [[Orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania|makabila 125 hivi]]. Makabila yenye watu zaidi ya [[milioni]] [[moja]] ni [[Wasukuma]], [[Wanyamwezi]], [[Wachaga]], [[Waha]], [[Wagogo]], [[Wahaya]], [[Wajaluo]] na [[Wamakonde]].

Jambo la pekee kuhusu jamii zilizoishi na zinazoendelea kuishi Tanzania ni kwamba wakazi asili wanawakilisha makundi yote makuu manne ya [[lugha]] barani Afrika.<ref>Ulrich Ammon; Norbert Dittmar; Klaus J. Mattheier (2006). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1967–. ISBN 978-3-11-018418-1.</ref> 

1. Idadi kubwa sana ya Watanzania ni wa jamii ya [[Wabantu]] (k.m. Wazaramo, Wapare na Wapogoro).

2. Nje ya hao, kuna [[Waniloti]], kwa mfano [[Wamasai]] na [[Wajaluo]] ambao wengi wao zaidi wanaishi [[Kenya]]. 

3. Kundi lingine ni makabila ya [[Wakushi]] wanaoishi kaskazini mwa Tanzania; hao ni makabila ya [[Wairaqw]], [[Wafiome]], [[Wasi]] na [[Waburunge]]. 

4. Kuna kundi la [[Wakhoisan]] wanaofanana na makabila ya [[Botswana]] na [[Namibia]]; wanaitwa [[Wasandawe]] .

Hatimaye kuna [[Wahadzabe]] wachache ambao [[utafiti]] wa [[DNA]] umeonyesha hivi karibuni wana uhusiano wa asili na [[Watwa]] wa nchi za [[Afrika ya Kati]].

Pia kuna asilimia ndogo ya watu wenye asili ya nje ya bara la [[Afrika]], kwa mfano [[Wahindi]], [[Waarabu]], [[Waindochina]], [[Wafarsi]], [[Wachina]], [[Wagiriki]] na [[Waingereza]]. Hii ilisababishwa na karne za mchanganyiko wa mahitaji ya biashara yaliyofanywa na mabara ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Asia]] hapo [[Afrika]].

{{Makabila ya Tanzania}}

=== Lugha ===
{{main|Orodha ya lugha za Tanzania}}
Nchini Tanzania kuna [[lugha]] za [[kabila|kikabila]] zaidi ya mia moja na ishirini, kwa kuwa kila kabila lina lugha yake. 

[[Kiswahili]] ndiyo [[lugha ya taifa]] na inazidi kuwa [[lugha mama]]<ref>Kadiri ya Ulrich Ammon; Norbert Dittmar; Klaus J. Mattheier (2006). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1967. ISBN 978-3-11-018418-1 tayari Kiswahili ni lugha ya kwanza kwa asilimia 10 za wananchi</ref> kwa [[watoto]] wengi, hasa mijini.<ref>Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. 2010. pp. 1026–. ISBN 978-0-08-087775-4.</ref> Walau asilimia 90 za wakazi wanakitumia walau kama [[lugha ya pili]]. Kiswahili ni mojawapo kati ya [[lugha za Kibantu]]: hii imesaidia sana kukubaliwa kwa Kiswahili nchini, kwa sababu idadi kubwa ya Watanzania ni wasemaji wa lugha za [[Kibantu]]. Kiswahili kinatumika kama lugha baina ya watu wa makabila mbalimbali na kwa mambo rasmi; kwa hiyo ni lugha rasmi ya [[dhati]].

Baada ya [[uhuru]], [[Kiingereza]] (iliyokuwa lugha ya [[ukoloni|kikoloni]] kabla ya [[uhuru]]) iliendelea kutumika kwa mambo kadhaa rasmi na kwa [[elimu]] kuanzia [[sekondari]] ingawa sera mpya inataka Kiswahili kishike nafasi yake hadi [[chuo kikuu]];<ref>"Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan". AFK Insider. 17 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.</ref> kwa hiyo ilichukuliwa kama lugha rasmi ya dhati pamoja na Kiswahili. Lakini utumizi rasmi wa Kiingereza umepungua katika milongo iliyopita, na sasa utumizi huu karibu umekwisha. Kwa hiyo siku hizi ni kawaida zaidi kuchukulia Kiswahili kama lugha rasmi ya dhati pekee. 

[[Sera]] mpya ya elimu inakusudia kufanya Kiswahili kuwa [[lugha ya kufundishia]] katika ngazi zote kufikia mwaka [[2024]].

=== Dini ===
[[File:Cathedral of Arusha.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Kanisa kuu]] la Arusha]]
{{Main|Dini nchini Tanzania}}
Nchi haina [[dini rasmi]] na [[katiba]] ya Tanzania inatangaza [[uhuru wa dini]] kwa wote. Mara nyingi idadi ya wafuasi wa [[dini]] hutajwa kuwa [[theluthi]] moja [[Uislamu|Waislamu]], theluthi moja [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] na theluthi moja wafuasi wa [[dini za jadi]]. Lakini tangu [[uhuru]] swali la dini ya wananchi halijaulizwa tena katika [[sensa]], kwa hiyo kadirio la theluthi-theluthi inawezekana ni zaidi azimio la kisiasa.

Kwenye funguvisiwa la [[Zanzibar]] idadi ya Waislamu huaminiwa kuwa takriban 97%.

== Usafiri ==
[[Picha:Barabara Tanzania Ruvuma wakati wa mvua Tamino 2012.jpg|350px|left|thumbnail|Usafiri wa Tanzania: Kusukuma [[basi]] wakati wa [[mvua]] kwenye [[barabara]] ya kwenda [[Mbamba Bay]] (mwaka 2012)]]
{{Main|Usafiri wa Tanzania}}
Usafiri nchini Tanzania ni hasa kwa njia ya [[barabara]]. Nyingine ni [[reli]] na [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]]. Kwenye [[Maziwa makubwa ya Afrika|maziwa makubwa]] na [[pwani]] ya Bahari Hindi kuna pia usafiri wa [[meli]].

Hadi sasa idadi ya barabara za [[lami]] si kubwa. Kuna hasa njia nzuri kati ya [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Mbeya]] katika kusini-magharibi, Dodoma katika kitovu cha nchi, Arusha / Tanga katika kaskazini-mashariki. Kusini-Mashariki na Magharibi ya nchi kwa jumla haina barabara nzuri na [[mawasiliano]] ni magumu.

Mashirika mawili ya reli yanayohudumia Tanzania: ni TRC ([[Shirika ya Reli Tanzania]] - ''Tanzania Railways Corporation'') na [[TAZARA]] (''Tanzania-Zambia Railways Corporation''). TRC imetawala reli ya kati kuanzia Dar es Salaam hadi [[Kigoma]] halafu reli ya Tanga kati ya Tanga na Arusha. Tazara imeunganisha Dar es Salaam na kusini ya nchi hadi Zambia. Zote hazikutunzwa vizuri na usafiri unakumbwa na huduma mbaya pamoja na [[ajali]].

Huduma kwa ndege zinatumia hasa viwanja vya ndege 11 vyenye barabara ya lami kwa ajili ya ndege, hasa [[Uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa wa Julius Nyerere|Julius Nyerere/Dar es Salaam]], [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro/Arusha-Moshi]] na [[Zanzibar]]-Kisauni. Pia kuna viwanja vingine vya ndege kama vile uwanja wa ndege wa Mwanza, Bukoba na Kigoma.

Usafiri wa majini pia unafanyika hasa katika bahari ya Hindi, ingawa hakuna meli ya serikali hapo na mashirika binafsi hutoa huduma. Usafiri wa majini hufanyika pia katika maziwa ya Viktoria, Tanganyika na Nyasa. Miongoni mwa meli ni [[MV Bukoba]] iliyozama tarehe [[21 Mei]] [[1996]] pamoja na abiria karibu 1,000 na [[MV Nyerere]] iliyozama tarehe [[20 Septemba]] [[2018]] pamoja na abiria zaidi ya 200.

Katika ziwa Tanganyika ipo meli ya Mv Liemba ambayo ilianza kutumika tangia kipindi cha ukoloni wa Wajerumani: inatoa huduma kati ya miji ya mwambao wa ziwa Tanganyika na nchi jirani.

Mwaka 2017 ulianza ujenzi wa awamu ya kwanza ya njia ya [[geji sanifu]] nchini Tanzania inayolenga kuunganisha [[Dar es Salaam]] na [[Morogoro]].<ref>[http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Tanzania-railway-construction/2560-3801608-6plii9/index.html Turkish, Portuguese firms win bid to construct Tanzania’s SGR], tovuti ya theeastafrican.co.ke ya 6 Februari 2017, iliangaliwa Mei 2017</ref> Njia hii inatarajiwa kuendelea hadi [[Mwanza]] na hatimaye hadi [[Burundi]].

== Urithi wa Dunia ==
[[File:City of Kilwa, 1572.jpg|thumb|left|Mchoro wa mwaka [[1572]] ukionyesha mji wa [[Kilwa]] ulivyokuwa wakati huo.]]
Mahali pafuatapo katika Tanzania pamepokewa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya "[[Urithi wa Dunia]]" (mwaka wa kukubaliwa – jina la mahali)

* 1979 – Hifadhi ya Taifa [[Ngorongoro]].
* 1981 – [[Hifadhi ya Serengeti]].
* 1981 – Magofu ya [[Kilwa Kisiwani]] na Songo Mnara.
* 1982 – Hifadhi ya Taifa [[Selous]].
* 1987 – Hifadhi ya Taifa [[Hifadhi ya Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]].
* 2000 – [[Mji Mkongwe]] wa [[Jiji la Zanzibar]] / [[Unguja]].
* 2006 – [[Michoro ya Kondoa]].

== Utamaduni na Sanaa ==
{{Main|Utamaduni wa Kitanzania}}

=== Muziki ===
{{Main|Muziki wa Tanzania}}
Kuna aina zaidi ya tano za muziki nchini Tanzania, kama zilivyofafanuliwa na [[BASATA]] ni pamoja na [[Ngoma (muziki)|ngoma]] [[Ngoma za asili|(ngoma za asili]]), [[Muziki wa dansi|dansi]], [[kwaya]] (muziki wa injili), [[taarab]], na [[Bongo Flava|bongo flava]] ([[Muziki wa pop|pop]]/[[Hip hop ya Kitanzania|hip hop]]).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7riV5SvDe8C&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Performing the Nation: Swahili Music and Cultural Politics in Tanzania|last=Askew|first=Kelly|last2=Askew|first2=Professor Kelly|date=2002-07-28|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-02981-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVxVFJRiRO8C|title=Cultured States: Youth, Gender, and Modern Style in 1960s Dar Es Salaam|last=Ivaska|first=Andrew|date=2011-01-25|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-4770-5|language=en}}</ref> Ngoma ni muziki wa dansi wa kitamaduni, ngoma hutofautiana kati ya [[kabila]] na kabila.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XEeTAgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=The Garland Handbook of African Music|last=Stone|first=Ruth M.|date=2010-04-02|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-90001-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EPcIVSHESEC&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Performance and Politics in Tanzania: The Nation on Stage|last=Edmondson|first=Laura|date=2007-07-20|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-11705-2|language=en}}</ref> Dansi ni muziki wa bendi unatokana na muziki wa [[soukous]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (au "rumba ya kikongo").<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_lWEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa|last=Njogu|first=Kimani|last2=Maupeu|first2=Herv|date=2007-10-15|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-9987-08-108-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahenge|first=Elizabeth|date=2022-04-16|title=Matumizi ya Mbinu ya Usimulizi katika Kuibua Dhamira ya Ukombozi wa Kisiasa Kusini mwa Afrika: Uchunguzi wa Nyimbo Teule za Muziki wa Dansi nchini Tanzania 1940-1990|url=http://www.journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/mj/article/view/4823|journal=Mulika Journal|language=SW|volume=40|issue=2}}</ref> Taarab ni muziki wa Waafrika wa [[pwani]] uliopokea athira kutoka [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]] nyingi, hasa muziki wa [[Waarabu]] na [[Wahindi]]. Kimsingi ni uimbaji wa [[mashairi]] unaofuata muziki wa bendi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_lWEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa|last=Njogu|first=Kimani|last2=Maupeu|first2=Herv|date=2007-10-15|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-9987-08-108-0|language=en}}</ref> Kwaya ni muziki ambao asili yake ni [[Kanisa|kanisani]]. Bongo flava ni muziki wa pop wa Tanzania uliozaliwa na [[muziki wa kizazi kipya]], unajumuisha [[reggae]], [[R&B|RnB]], na [[Hip Hop|hip hop]], uliochanganywa na vionjo vya asili (flava) lakini tangu wakati huo umekua na kuwa muziki wa kipekee wa maeneo ya [[Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika|Maziwa Makuu]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kerr|first=David|date=2018-01-02|title=From the margins to the mainstream: making and remaking an alternative music economy in Dar es Salaam|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776|journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies|volume=30|issue=1|pages=65–80|doi=10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776|issn=1369-6815}}</ref> Asili mbalimbali za ushawishi zimesaidia kufanya bongo flava kuwa muziki maarufu zaidi Afrika Mashariki, na muziki mmojawapo kati ya ile maarufu zaidi katika bara la Afrika.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Suriano|first=M.|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop and Bongo Flavour Music in Contemporary Tanzania: Youths’ Experiences, Agency, Aspirations and Contradictions|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ad/article/view/74118|journal=Africa Development|language=en|volume=36|issue=3-4|pages=113–126|doi=10.4314/ad.v36i3-4|issn=0850-3907}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perullo|first=Alex|date=2005|title=Hooligans and Heroes: Youth Identity and Hip-Hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4187688|journal=Africa Today|volume=51|issue=4|pages=75–101|issn=0001-9887}}</ref> 
[[Picha:SitiBintiSaad_(cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Mwimbaji wa Tanzania [[Siti Binti Saad]] ]]

Tangu kuundwa kwa Tanzania hadi 1993, kurekodi na usambazaji wote wa muziki ulisimamiwa kikamilifu na [[Baraza la Sanaa Tanzania|BASATA]], hasa kupitia [[Radio Tanzania Dar Es Salaam|Redio Tanzania Dar es Salaam]] (RTD).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PdWEAAAQBAJ|title=Dar es Salaam. Histories from an Emerging African Metropolis|last=Brennan|first=James|last2=Burton|first2=Yus|date=2007-10-15|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-9987-08-107-3|language=en}}</ref> Ni aina 4 tu za muziki za Kitanzania zilizoruhusiwa kurekodiwa au kutangazwa, ambazo wakati huo zilikuwa ngoma, taarab, kwaya na dansi. Sheria ya Huduma za Utangazaji ya 1993 iliruhusu mitandao ya kibinafsi ya matangazo na studio za kurekodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date={{date|1994-06-11|mdy}}|type=Act|title=THE BROADCASTING SERVICES ACT, 1993|language=en|url=https://tadio.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Tanzania-broadcasting-Act-6-of-1993-1.pdf|accessdate=2022-06-17|archive-date=2020-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135508/https://tadio.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Tanzania-broadcasting-Act-6-of-1993-1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haya ni mojawapo ya mabadiliko muhimu zaidi katika tasnia ya muziki ya Tanzania tangu kuanzishwa kwa nchi miaka 30 kabla.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VePJDAAAQBAJ|title=Live from Dar es Salaam: Popular Music and Tanzania's Music Economy|last1=Perullo|first1=Alex|date=2011|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|isbn=978-0-253-00150-4|location=[[United States]]: [[Indiana]]|access-date=5 Juni 2022}}</ref> Miaka michache kabla ya Act ya 1993, muziki wa hip hop ulikuwa umeanza kuimarika katika miji ya Dar es Salaam, Mbeya, Arusha na Mwanza. Ilikuwa ikianza mageuzi kutoka kwenye hip hop ya Kiingereza huko Uzunguni, maeneo tajiri kama Oysterbay na Masaki pamoja na shule za kimataifa, hadi kizazi kipya [[Uswahilini]], vitongoji maskini na kutumia Kiswahili.<ref name="Saleh_J">{{cite web|last1=Nne|first1=Juma|title=Saleh J – Tanzanian Swahili rap pioneer|url=https://www.africanhiphop.com/saleh-j-tanzanian-swahili-rap-pioneer/|website=Africanhiphop.com|access-date=5 Juni 2022|language=en|date=2001-10-01}}</ref> Mara tu baada ya kufunguliwa kwa mawimbi ya redio, bongo flava ilizaliwa ikienea kwa haraka kote nchini, na katika Maziwa Makuu.<ref name="Kerr_18">{{cite journal|last1=Kerr|first1=David|date=2018-01-02|title=From the margins to the mainstream: making and remaking an alternative music economy in Dar es Salaam|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776|journal=[[Journal of African Cultural Studies]]|language=en|publisher=[[Routledge]]|volume=30|issue=1|page=65-80|doi=10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776|issn=1369-6815}}</ref>

=== Fasihi ===
{{Main|Fasihi ya Tanzania}}
Utamaduni wa kifasihi wa Tanzania kimsingi ni wa simulizi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90d9pKhSjAIC|title=Culture and Customs of Tanzania|last=Otiso|first=Kefa M.|date=2013-01-24|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-08708-0|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|68}} Tanzu na vipera maaarufu vya [[Fasihi simulizi|fasihi simuliz]]<nowiki/>i ni pamoja na [[Ngano (hadithi)|ngano]], [[Shairi|mashairi]], [[mafumbo]], [[methali]] na [[nyimbo]].<ref name=":0" />{{rp|69}}  Sehemu kubwa zaidi ya fasihi simulizi iliyorekodiwa Tanzania ni ya Kiswahili, ingawa lugha za [[Orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania|makabila ya Tanzania]] zina mapokeo yake ya simulizi.  Fasihi simulizi ya nchi imekuwa ikipungua kwa sababu ya mabadiliko ya muundo wa jamii, na kufanya uwasilishaji wa fasihi simulizi kuwa mgumu zaidi, pia teknolojia za kisasa zinachangia kushushwa kwa thamani ya fasihi simulizi.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|68-9}}

Utamaduni wa kuandika na kusoma [[vitabu]] umeenea nchini Tanzania. [[Fasihi andishi]] nyingi za Kitanzania ni za [[Kiswahili]] au [[Kiingereza]].<ref name=":0" /> {{rp|75}} Watu mashuhuri katika fasihi andishi ya Tanzania ni pamoja na [[Shaaban Robert]] (anatambulika kama baba wa [[fasihi ya Kiswahili]]), [[Muhammed Saley Farsy]], [[Faraji Katalambulla]], Adam Shafi Adam, [[Muhammed Said Abdulla|Muhammed Said Abdalla]], [[Said Ahmed Mohammed Khamis]], [[Mohamed Suleiman Mohamed]], [[Euphrase Kezilahabi]], [[Gabriel Ruhumbika]], [[Ebrahim Hussein]], [[May Materru Balisidya]], [[Fadhy Mtanga]], [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]], na [[Penina O. Mlama]].<ref name=":0" />{{rp|76-8}}

[[Picha:Makonde elephant.jpg|thumb|150px|Bombwe la Kimakonde: Tembo]]
[[File:Amani-TT4798.jpg|Mchoro wa [[Tingatinga (painting)|Tingatinga]]|thumb]]

=== Uchoraji na Uchongaji ===
Mitindo miwili ya sanaa ya Tanzania imepata kutambuliwa kimataifa.<ref name="Doling">{{Cite book|title=Tanzania Arts Directory|last=Doling|first=Tim|date=1999|publisher=Visiting Arts|isbn=9781902349114|pages=17|language=en}}</ref>   [[Uchoraji]] wa [[Tingatinga (uchoraji)|Tingatinga]] umejulikana tangu [[miaka ya 1970]]. Mtindo huo umepewa [[jina]] la [[mwanzilishi]] wake, mchoraji wa Kitanzania [[Edward Tingatinga|Edward Said Tingatinga]]. Kwa ujumla michoro ya Tingatinga inayoonyesha watu, wanyama, au maisha ya kila siku.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|13}}<ref name="Doling" /> 

Baada ya kifo cha Tingatinga mwaka wa 1972, wasanii wengine walikubali na kuendeleza mtindo wake, na aina hiyo sasa ndiyo mtindo muhimu zaidi unaolenga utalii katika maeneo ya Afrika Mashariki.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|113}}<ref name="Doling" /> 

[[Uchongaji]] wa [[mabombwe ya Kimakonde]] yamesifiwa tangu mwanzo wa [[karne ya 20]]. [[Wamakonde]] wengi wamehamia [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]] au [[Arusha]] wanapohudumia soko la [[watalii]] na soko la nje.

=== Michezo ===
{{Main|Michezo ya Tanzania}}
Mchezo maarufu nchini Tanzania ni [[mpira wa miguu]]. Ingawa mpira wa miguu ([[kandanda]]) unaongoza kwa ufuasi mkubwa miongoni mwa vijana, michezo mingine kama vile [[mpira wa kikapu]], [[mchezo wa ngumi]] na [[riadha]] inazidi kuwa maarufu miongoni mwa watu.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tViQJkGh06YC&pg=PA36|title=Tanzania|last=Wairagala|first=Wakabi|date=2004|publisher=Gareth Stevens|isbn=978-0-8368-3119-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GoKnbA1c1DsC&pg=PA53|title=Tanzania in Pictures|last=Pritchett|first=Bev|date=2007-12-15|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-0-8225-8571-8|language=en}}</ref> Baraza la Michezo la Taifa ndicho chombo kinachosimamia michezo nchini chini ya Wizara ya Habari, Vijana, Michezo na Utamaduni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSC should perfect all sports categories|url=https://www.tanzaniasports.com/nsc-should-perfect-all-sports-categories/|work=Tanzania Sports|date=2011-10-01|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en-GB}}</ref>
[[Faili:Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg|thumb|[[Uwanja wa Taifa (Tanzania)|Uwanja wa Taifa]] jijini [[Dar es Salaam]].]]
[[Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu Tanzania]] ([[TFF]]) ni chombo kinachosimamia mpira wa miguu nchini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Member Association - Tanzania - FIFA.com|url=https://www.fifa.com/associations/association/tan/about|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-07-04|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2020-08-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823220736/https://www.fifa.com/associations/association/tan/about}}</ref> Vilabu maarufu vya soka la kulipwa jijini Dar es Salaam ni [[Young Africans S.C|Young Africans F.C]]. na [[Simba S.C.|Simba S.C]]. Wachezaji wa kandanda ambao wamechezea klabu kubwa za kigeni ni pamoja na [[Mbwana Samatta]], [[Kelvin John]], na [[Morice Abraham]]. Tanzania iliandaa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika U-17 2019]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=U17 AFCON - Asante Sana Tanzania!!!|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/u17-afcon-asante-sana-tanzania|work=CAFOnline.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en|author=CAF-Confedération Africaine du Football}}</ref>

Soka la wanawake ni mchezo unaokuwa kwa kasi zaidi Tanzania. Utamaduni wa wanawake kucheza mpira wa miguu umeanza kueleweka kwa wengie.  [[Timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Tanzania]], Taifa Queens ni bingwa wa [[Michuano ya CECAFA kwa Wanawake]] kwa mwaka 2016 na mwaka 2018.<ref>{{Citation|title=Tanzania win Cecafa Women's trophy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37409082|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Tanzania retain Cecafa Women's Cup|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44987890|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-06-16}}</ref> Michuano hii huandaliwa na [[Shirikisho la Vyama vya Soka Afrika Mashariki na Kati]] (CECAFA). Timu ya taifa ya wanawake chini ya miaka 17 'Serengeti Girls' ilifuzu kucheza [[Michuano ya Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake]] nchini [[India]] mwaka 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Serengeti Girls yatinga Kombe la Dunia|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/michezo/serengeti-girls-yatinga-kombe-la-dunia-3839528|work=Mwananchi|accessdate=17 Desemba 2024|date=5 Juni 2022}}</ref>

Hasheem Thabeet ni Mtanzania wa kwanza kucheza [[Chama cha Mpira wa Kikapu Marekani|Ligi ya Mpira wa Kikapu ya Marekani]] ([[NBA]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hasheem Thabeet Stats|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/t/thabeha01.html|work=Basketball-Reference.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en|archivedate=2020-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207100221/https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/t/thabeha01.html}}</ref>[[Mwanariadha]] wa zamani wa Tanzania wa mbio za kati, [[Filbert Bayi|Filbert Bayi Sanka]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Filbert BAYI {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/tanzania/filbert-bayi-14347725|work=www.worldathletics.org|accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref> mwaka 1974 aliboresha rekodi ya [[mbio ya mita 1500]],  na mwaka wa [[1975]] aliboresha rekodi ya [[mbio ya maili moja]].<ref>{{Citation|title=1975 Miracle Mile: Filbert Bayi runs 3:51.0|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oK3d7Ckh2o|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bayi's record may be gone but it should never be forgotten|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13143168.bayis-record-may-gone-never-forgotten/|work=HeraldScotland|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en}}</ref> Bado anashikilia rekodi ya Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya mita 1500.
	
=== Filamu ===
Tanzania ina tasnia maarufu ya [[filamu]] inayojulikana kwa jina la "[[Bongo Movie]]".<ref name="mfd">{{cite web|url=http://mfditanzania.com/swahiliwood-researching-tanzanias-film-industry/|title=Swahiliwood: Researching Tanzania's Film Industry - Media for Development International|website=mfditanzania.com|accessdate=2022-06-17|archivedate=2020-02-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206210925/http://mfditanzania.com/swahiliwood-researching-tanzanias-film-industry/}}</ref> Studio nyingi za utayarishaji filamu za Kitanzania ziko Dar es Salaam.

Kabla ya uhuru wa Tanzania mwaka 1961, baadhi ya sinema za kigeni zilirekodiwa [[Tanganyika]] na [[Zanzibar (Jiji)|Zanzibar]]. [[Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Zanzibar]] huandaa maonyesho ya filamu, warsha, muziki pamoja na sanaa zingine za maigizo.

== Tazama pia ==
* [[Orodha ya Mawaziri Wakuu wa Tanzania]]
* [[Orodha ya Mawaziri Wakuu wa Zanzibar]]
* [[Orodha ya Magavana Wakuu wa Tanganyika]]
* [[Orodha ya Masultan wa Zanzibar]]
* [[Orodha ya watu maarufu wa Tanzania]]
* [[Orodha ya mikoa ya Tanzania kwa eneo]]
* [[Orodha ya mikoa ya Tanzania na Pato la Taifa]]
* [[Orodha ya mikoa ya Tanzania na Maendeleo]]
* [[Utawala wa Kijiji - Tanzania]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]]
* [[Demografia ya Afrika]]

==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Lango|Tanzania}}
{{Commons}}
* {{Wikiatlas|Tanzania}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Tanzania}}
* [http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/tanzania/show-all.aspx Tanzania Corruption Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/tanzania/show-all.aspx |date=20160812033656 }} from the [[Business-Anti-Corruption Portal|Business Ani-Corruption Portal]]
{{Hoja Kuhusu Tanzania}}
{{Mikoa ya Tanzania}}
{{Afrika}}
{{African Union}}
{{mbegu-jio-Afrika}}
[[Jamii:Tanzania|*]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]]
[[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]]
[[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]]
Vigezo vinavyotumiwa kwenye ukurasa huu:
Rudia Tanzania.
Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania"