Tazama chanzo cha Papa Alexander VI

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[[Picha:Alexander VI - Pinturicchio detail.jpg|thumb|right|Papa Aleksanda VI akisali alivyochorwa na [[Pinturicchio]].]]
'''Papa Alexander VI''' ([[1 Januari]] [[1431]] – [[18 Agosti]] [[1503]]) alikuwa [[Papa]] kuanzia [[tarehe]] [[11 Agosti|11]]/[[26 Agosti]] [[1492]] hadi [[kifo]] chake<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/holy-father.index.html#holy-father</ref>. Alitokea [[Jativa]], [[Hispania]]<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/holy-father.index.html#holy-father</ref>. 

Alimfuata [[Papa Innocent VIII]] akafuatwa na [[Papa Pius III]].

==Maisha==
[[File:Alexander - Bolla "Desiderando nui", dopo il 18 settembre 1499 - 2951587.tif|thumb|''Desiderando nui'', 1499]]
[[Jina]] lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa ''Roderic Llançol de Borja''. Alikuwa Papa wa pili kutoka [[familia]] iliyoitwa nchini [[Italia]] ''Borgia''. [[Papa Kalisti III]], aliyekuwa wa kwanza, alimsaidia [[mpwa]] wake Roderic kupanda [[ngazi]] ndani ya [[Kanisa]]. [[Kijana]] asiyekuwa na mafunzo yoyote wa kiroho, asiyepokea [[daraja takatifu]] ya [[upadri]] bado, alipewa [[cheo]] na mapato ya [[askofu]] mara kadhaa katika [[dayosisi]] mbalimbali.

Mwaka [[1456]] alipewa cheo cha [[kardinali]] na mwaka [[1458]] [[upadrisho|akapadrishwa]].

Alizaliana watoto na [[mke]] wake wa kando Vannozza dei Cattani akaendelea kuwaangalia na kuwatunza hata alipokuwa Papa. [[Arusi]] ya [[binti]] yake [[Lucrezia Borgia]] ilisheherekewa rasmi katika [[jumba]] la Kipapa la [[Vatikano]].

Lakini kabla hajachaguliwa kuwa Papa alimwacha Vannozza akaanza uhusiano na binti Giulia Farnese aliyezaa naye binti mwaka [[1492]], alipokuwa Papa tayari.

Mwanawe [[Cesare Borgia]] alipewa cheo cha askofu alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 16 na cha kardinali alipofikia miaka 18, lakini bila kupewa [[sakramenti]] ya [[daraja takatif]]u. Baadaye aliacha maisha ya Kanisa akafanywa na baba yake [[jemadari]] wa [[jeshi]] la Papa.

Aleksanda VI amejulikana pia kwa [[uamuzi]] wake wa kugawa [[dunia]] kati ya [[Hispania]] na [[Ureno]] katika [[mkataba wa Tordesillas]] mwaka [[1494]]. Mkataba huu ulikuwa msingi wa [[koloni]] la Kireno la [[Brazil]] na [[utawala]] wa Hispania juu ya nchi nyingine za [[Amerika Kusini]] na [[Amerika ya Kati]].

Sifa yake nyingine ilikuwa kuhamasisha [[sanaa]] za kila aina, kama ilivyokuwa kawaida kwa Mapapa wa [[Renaissance]].

Vilevile alianza urekebisho wa [[ofisi za Papa]].

Wapinzani walimwona kama mfano mbaya wa upotovu wa [[Upapa]] wakati wake, wakamsema hata kuliko ukweli wa makosa ambayo aliyafanya na aliyatubu kabla hajafa.

==Tazama pia==
*[[Orodha ya Mapapa]]

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}

==Marejeo==
* John Burchard, ''Diaries 1483–1492'' (translation: A.H. Matthew, London, 1910)
* [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/election-alexandervi.htm Burkle-Young, Francis A., "The election of Pope Alexander VI (1492)", in Miranda, Salvador. ''Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church'']
* [[Eamon Duffy]], ''Saints & Sinners: A History of the Popes'' (Yale Nota Bene, 2002)
* Peter de Rossa, ''Vicars of Christ: The Dark Side of the Papacy'' (Corgi, 1989)
* Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition.
* [http://sites.google.com/site/diarioborjaborgia/Home DIARIO BORJA BORGIA (Spanish)]
* "''That the world may believe: the development of Papal social thought on aboriginal rights''", Michael Stogre S.J, Médiaspaul, 1992, ISBN 978-2-89039-549-7
* "''The Historical Encyclopedia of World slavery"'', Editor Junius P. Rodriguez, ABC-CLIO, 1997, ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7
* ''"Black Africans in Renaissance Europe''", Thomas Foster Earle, K. J. P. Lowe, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-521-81582-6
* "''A violent evangelism"'', Luis N. Rivera, Luis Rivera Pagán, Westminster John Knox Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0-664-25367-7
* "''Indigenous peoples and human rights''", Patrick Thornberry, Manchester University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-7190-3794-8
* [[John Julius Norwich]], ''Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy'', Random House, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4000-6715-2

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{commons category|Alexander VI}}
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01289a.htm Papa Alexander VI katika ''Kamusi Elezo ya Kikatoliki'']
* [http://sites.google.com/site/diarioborjaborgia/Home Diario Borja - Borgia] {{es icon}}
* [http://www.stephenrbown.net/1494-1.htm/ 1494: How a Family Feud in Medieval Spain Divided the world in Half] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stephenrbown.net/1494-1.htm/ |date=20120904094630 }}
* [http://www.euskalnet.net/laviana/gen_hispanas/borja_borgia.htm Borja o Borgia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.euskalnet.net/laviana/gen_hispanas/borja_borgia.htm |date=20191222053209 }} {{es icon}}
* [http://www.oliver-rost.homepage.t-online.de/HistoriaGenealogica.txt Francisco Fernández de Bethencourt - Historia Genealógica y Heráldica Española, Casa Real y Grandes de España, tomo cuarto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.oliver-rost.homepage.t-online.de/HistoriaGenealogica.txt |date=20190401085740 }} {{es icon}}
* [http://www.ramhg.es/index.php/boletin/boletin Una rama subsistente del linaje Borja en América española, por Jaime de Salazar y Acha, Académico de Número de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ramhg.es/index.php/boletin/boletin |date=20120703053207 }} {{es icon}}
* http://libros.webuda.com/boletin-RAMHG-75.pdf BOLETÍN DE LA REAL ACADEMIA MATRITENSE DE HERÁLDICA Y GENEALOGÍA {{es icon}}
* [http://archive.org/details/jstor-25006264 Thirty-Two Years with Alexander VI], ''The Catholic Historical Review'', Volume 8, no. 1, April, 1922, pp.&nbsp;55–58.[http://www.jstor.org/stable/25006264] [http://books.google.com/books?ei=g8ZfUdf1BYPs8gSFuoDIBA&id=qMaOfNRCq2sC&dq=%22Thirty-Two+Years+with+Alexander+VI%22&q=%22In+a+note+on+Alexander+VI+appended+to+my+translation%22#search_anchor]
{{Mapapa}}
{{Mbegu-Papa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aleksanda VI}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1431]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 1503]]
[[Jamii:Papa]]
[[Jamii:Watu wa Hispania]]

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Rudia Papa Alexander VI.

Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alexander_VI"