Wakopti
Wakopti (au Wakhufti) ni Wakristo asili wa Misri, ambao wanafuata madhehebu ya pekee katika kundi la Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi ya Mashariki na wanaunda kundi kubwa zaidi la wakazi wasio Waislamu katika nchi hiyo[1][2][3][4][5][6] .
Patriarki wao ni Papa Tawadros II, akiwa na makao makuu jijini Cairo.
Historia
haririAina hiyo ya Ukristo ilikuwa anaongoza kabisa kati ya dini za Misri kuanzia karne ya 4 hadi karne ya 6 B.K., lakini baada ya uvamizi wa Waarabu (641), Uislamu ulizidi kuenea kwa njia mbalimbali[7].
Hata hivyo, Wakopti wanabaki asilimia 10-20 ya Wamisri wote[8], isipokuwa wanazungumza Kiarabu, si Kikopti tena, ambacho kinatumika tu katika liturujia.
Wakopti wengine wana ushirika kamili na Kanisa Katoliki, na wengine tena ni Waprotestanti.
Jina Kopti linatokana na Kigiriki Αἰγύπτιος, "Egyuptios", yaani "Mmisri".
Kati ya watakatifu muhimu zaidi wa Kikopti kuna mmonaki Antoni Abati na maaskofu Atanasi wa Aleksandria na Sirili wa Aleksandria.
Mchango mkubwa zaidi walioutoa ni kuanzisha umonaki na kutetea umungu wa Yesu Kristo pamoja na usahihi wa kumuita Bikira Maria "Mama wa Mungu".
Kutoka Misri, Ukristo wa aina hiyo ulienea tangu zamani hasa Sudan, Ethiopia na Eritrea.
Siku hizi Wakopti wengi wanazidi kuhamia nchi nyingine, hasa za Magharibi[9].
Tanbihi
hariri- ↑ Youssef, Abdel Rahman (30 Septemba 2012). "Egyptian Copts: It's All in the Number". Al-Akhbar English. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-03-04. Iliwekwa mnamo 5 Aprili 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Egyptian Copts reject population estimate". Ahram Online. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2020-10-29. Iliwekwa mnamo 5 Aprili 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "The Coptic Orthodox Church in action – Al-Ahram Weekly". weekly.ahram.org.eg. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-05-06.
- ↑ Cairo, Jared Malsin in (2015-02-20). "'We want our sons back': fears grow for Egyptians missing in Libya". the Guardian. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-05-06.
- ↑ "Egypt must help its poor in response to Libya beheadings, economists say". america.aljazeera.com. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-05-06.
- ↑ Abdel Rahman Youssef (30 Septemba 2012). "Egyptian Copts: It's All in the Number". Al-Akhbar English. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-03-04. Iliwekwa mnamo 8 Machi 2015.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Ibrahim, Youssef M. (18 Aprili 1998). "U.S. Bill Has Egypt's Copts Squirming". The New York Times. Iliwekwa mnamo 2008-10-08.
- ↑ Cole, Ethan (8 Julai 2008). "Egypt's Christian-Muslim Gap Growing Bigger". The Christian Post. Iliwekwa mnamo 2008-10-02.
- ↑ El-Hennawy, Noha (24 Juni 2008). "EGYPT: Coptic diaspora spreads the word". Los Angeles Times. Iliwekwa mnamo 5 Aprili 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Egypt". The World Factbook. American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). 30 Machi 2016. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2018-12-26. Iliwekwa mnamo 5 Aprili 2016.
{{cite web}}: More than one of|accessdate=na|access-date=specified (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Abaza, Khairi; Nakhla, Mark (25 Oktoba 2005). "The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Iliwekwa mnamo 5 Aprili 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Morrow, Adam (24 Aprili 2006). "Egypt: Attacks Raise Fear of Religious Discord". Inter Press Service. Iliwekwa mnamo 5 Aprili 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Marejeo
hariri- Capuani, Massimo et al. Christian Egypt: Coptic Art and Monuments Through Two Millennia (2002) excerpt and text search
- Courbage, Youssef and Phillipe Fargues. Judy Mabro (Translator) Christians and Jews Under Islam, 1997.
- Ibrahim, Vivian. The Copts of Egypt: The Challenges of Modernisation and Identity (I.B. Tauris, distributed by Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 258 pages; examines historical relations between Coptic Christians and the Egyptian state and describes factionalism and activism in the community.
- Kamil, Jill. Coptic Egypt: History and a Guide. Revised Ed. American University in Cairo Press, 1990.
- Meinardus, Otto Friedrich August. Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity (2010)
- Thomas, Martyn, ed. (2006). Copts in Egypt: A Christian Minority Under Siege : Papers Presented at the First International Coptic Symposium, Zurich, September 23–25, 2004. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Van Doorn-Harder, Nelly. "Finding a Platform: Studying the Copts in the 19th and 20th Centuries" International Journal of Middle East Studies (Aug 2010) 42#3 pp 479–482. Historiography
Viungo vya nje
hariri- The Coptic Calendar by Bishoy K. R. Dawood Ilihifadhiwa 28 Septemba 2006 kwenye Wayback Machine. (1.29MB pdf file – historical development and technical discussion)
- An introduction to the Coptic calendar (Gregorian equivalents are valid only between 1900 and 2099)
- The Orthodox Ecclesiastical Calendar Ilihifadhiwa 30 Desemba 2006 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Ancient Egyptian Calendar and Coptic Calendar Ilihifadhiwa 8 Mei 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Coptic Orthodox Church Network
- Copts
- Copts United
- Free Copts
- American Coptic Association
- European Coptic Association Ilihifadhiwa 5 Septemba 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Coptic Book
- Coptic Cairo
- France-copte.net France Copte
- Coptic Museum Ilihifadhiwa 14 Aprili 2006 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- In Search of the Lost Egyptian Identity
- Egypt's Copts After Kosheh
- Egypt: Minorities and the State
- International Religious Freedom Report: Egypt
- United Copts of Great Britain Ilihifadhiwa 27 Oktoba 2012 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Coptic Orthodox Church French texts
- Coptic Christians of Egypt – German Site Ilihifadhiwa 8 Septemba 2016 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Coptic texts and manuscripts at Leiden University Library Ilihifadhiwa 11 Oktoba 2007 kwenye Wayback Machine.