Dini rasmi
Dini rasmi ni dini ambayo imetangazwa na nchi fulani kuwa yake kwa namna ya pekee. Kiasi ambacho dini hiyo inapata sapoti ya sheria, serikali n.k. inategemea kwa kawaida katiba ya nchi.
Si lazima serikali iwe chini ya mamlaka ya dini hiyo, wala kufuata masharti yake yote, wala kwamba uongozi wa dini uwe chini ya serikali au kwamba serikali iwe chini ya viongozi wa dini.
Historia
haririDini rasmi zilikuwepo tangu zamani, kwa mfano Mashariki ya Kati tangu karne za K.K., na hata kabla ya historia inayoshuhudiwa na maandishi.
Uhusiano kati ya dini na mamlaka ya kisiasa ulijadiliwa na Marcus Terentius Varro (116 KK – 27 KK) kwa jina la theologia civilis ("teolojia ya uraia").
Upande wa Ukristo, kwa mara ya kwanza ulipata kuwa dini rasmi nchini Armenia mwaka 301.[1]
Dini rasmi leo
hariri
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| Ukristo Kanisa Katoliki Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi Walutheri Anglikana Ukalvini Umethodisti | Uislamu Uislamu wa Kisuni Uislamu wa Kishia Uislamu wa Kiibadi | Ubuddha wa Theravada Ubuddha wa Vajrayana |
Katika nchi nyingi tumezoea kwamba serikali haina dini. Kila mwananchi ni huru kuchagua imani yake. Kumbe wazo hilo si la kawaida popote duniani.
Mpaka leo tunasikia habari za nchi zinazotoa kipaumbele kwa dini au madhehebu fulani upande wa serikali. Kule Uingereza mfalme au malkia anapaswa kuwa Mkristo wa Kianglikana naye ni mlezi mkuu wa Kanisa la Kianglikana. Kule Denmark na Sweden wafalme wanapaswa kuwa Wakristo wa Kilutheri. Katika nchi nyingi za Waarabu Rais awe Mwislamu wa madhehebu ya Sunni. Kule Iran Rais huchaguliwa kati ya wataalamu Waislamu wa madhehebu ya Shia. Taratibu hizo ni mabaki ya utaratibu ambao miaka 200 iliyopita ulikuwa kawaida katika sehemu nyingi za dunia.
Kwa sasa, dini rasmi katika nchi tofautitofauti ni Ukristo, Uislamu na Ubuddha. Suala la haki za Uyahudi nchini Israeli ni la pekee.
Nchi za Kikristo
haririZifuatazo ni nchi zinazokubali rasmi madhehebu fulani ya Ukristo:
- Argentina[2][3]
- Costa Rica[4]
- Liechtenstein[5]
- Malta[6]
- Monaco[7]
- Vatican City[8] (Kitheokrasi)
- Nyingine
Nchi hizo pengine zinalipatia Kanisa Katoliki fadhili fulani bila kulifanya dini rasmi.
Ulutheri
hariri- Denmark[16]
- Iceland[17][18]
- Norway[19][20][21][22]Kuanzia tarehe 1 Januari 2017[23][24] Kanisa la Kilutheri la Norway linaendelea kupata pesa toka serikalini, lakini si tena dini rasmi wala taasisi ya serikali.[25]
- Ufini[26][27][28]
- Uswidi[29]
Wareformati
haririNchi za Kiislamu
haririNchi nyingi ambako wananchi wengi ni Waislamu zimefanya dini yao kuwa rasmi, hata kukataza nyingine.
Islam (bila madhehebu maalumu)
haririUislamu wa Kisuni
hariri- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Brunei
- Comoros
- Jordan
- Libya
- Maldives
- Malaysia
- Mauritania
- Misri
- Morocco
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia
- Tunisia
- Muungano wa Falme za Kiarabu
Uislamu wa Shiʾa
hariri- Iran (Kitheokrasi)
Uislamu wa Ibadi
haririShia na Sunni pamoja
haririNchi za Kibuddha
haririTheravada
haririVajrayana
haririUyahudi
haririTanbihi
hariri- ↑ The Journal of Ecclesiastical History – Page 268 by Cambridge University Press, Gale Group, C.W. Dugmore
- ↑ "Preable: First part, section 2". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-03-27. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
- ↑ "Nakala iliyohifadhiwa". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2014-10-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
- ↑ "Costa Rica Constitution in English TITLE VI: RELIGION". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-09-06. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
- ↑ Constitution Religion at the Wayback Machine (archived 26 Machi 2009). (archived from the original on 2009-03-26).
- ↑ Constitution of Malta (Article 2)
- ↑ CONSTITUTION DE LA PRINCIPAUTE at the Wayback Machine (archived 27 Septemba 2011). (French): Art. 9., Principaute De Monaco: Ministère d'Etat (archived from the original on 2011-09-27).
- ↑ "Vatican City". Catholic-Pages.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2019-09-04. Iliwekwa mnamo 12 Agosti 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay".
The role played by the Catholic Church in the historical and cultural formation of the Republic is hereby recognized.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ↑ "Constitution of the Republic of Peru" (PDF). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2015-07-24. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
Within an independent and autonomous system, the State recognizes the Catholic Church as an important element in the historical, cultural, and moral formation of Peru and lends it its cooperation. The State respects other denominations and may establish forms of collaboration with them.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ↑ "The Constitution of the Republic of Poland". 1997-04-02.
The relations between the Republic of Poland and the Roman Catholic Church shall be determined by international treaty concluded with the Holy See, and by statute. The relations between the Republic of Poland and other churches and religious organizations shall be determined by statutes adopted pursuant to agreements concluded between their appropriate representatives and the Council of Ministers.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ↑ "Spanish Constitution" (PDF).
The public authorities shall take into account the religious beliefs of Spanish society and shall consequently maintain appropriate cooperation relations with the Catholic Church and other confessions.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ↑ THE CONSTITUTION OF GREECE : SECTION II RELATIONS OF CHURCH AND STATE, Hellenic Resources network.
- ↑ Constitution of Georgia Article 9(1&2) and 73(1a/1)
- ↑ "The History of the Church of England". The Archbishops' Council of the Church of England. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2010-02-21. Iliwekwa mnamo 2006-05-24.
- ↑ Denmark – Constitution: Section 4 State Church, International Constitutional Law.
- ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Iceland: Article 62, Government of Iceland.
- ↑ "Statistics Iceland - Statistics » Population » Religious organisations". Statice.is. 2011. Iliwekwa mnamo 2011-05-27.
- ↑ The Constitution of Norway, Article 16 (English translation, published by the Norwegian Parliament)
- ↑ Løsere bånd, men fortsatt statskirke Archived 8 Januari 2014 at the Wayback Machine., ABC Nyheter
- ↑ Staten skal ikke lenger ansette biskoper, NRK
- ↑ Human-Etisk Forbund. "Ingen avskaffelse: / Slik blir den nye statskirkeordningen". Fritanke.no.
- ↑ Offisielt frå statsrådet 27. mai 2016 regjeringen.no «Sanksjon av Stortingets vedtak 18. mai 2016 til lov om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.) Lovvedtak 56 (2015-2016) Lov nr. 17 Delt ikraftsetting av lov 27. mai 2016 om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.). Loven trer i kraft fra 1. januar 2017 med unntak av romertall I § 3 nr. 8 første og fjerde ledd, § 3 nr. 10 annet punktum og § 5 femte ledd, som trer i kraft 1. juli 2016.»
- ↑ Lovvedtak 56 (2015–2016) Vedtak til lov om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.) Stortinget.no
- ↑ http://www.christianpost.com/news/norway-ends-500-year-old-lutheran-church-partnership-biggest-change-since-reformation-172480/
- ↑ Finland – Constitution, Section 76 The Church Act, http://servat.unibe.ch/icl/fi00000_.html.
- ↑ "Status of the Finnish State Church in 2007—Privileges of the State Church". eroakirkosta.fi. 7 Oktoba 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 2007-10-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ↑ 77.2 percent of Finns belong to the Lutheran church Archived 4 Machi 2016 at the Wayback Machine. evl.fi 10.2.2012
- ↑ "Medlemmar 1972-2008, tabell och diagram" (kwa Swedish). Svenska kyrkan. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (XLS, 22.5 KiB) mnamo 2010-08-25. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH (As modified up to 17 May, 2004)". parliament.gov.bd. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2012-03-06. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ↑ "International Religious Freedom Report for 2012 - Djibouti". Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 5, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Part I: "Introductory"". Pakistani.org. Iliwekwa mnamo Juni 4, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Palestinian Basic Law (May 29, 2002)". Jewish Virtual Library.
- ↑ "Constitution of Cambodia". cambodia.org. Iliwekwa mnamo 2011-04-13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) (Article 43). - ↑ "Thailand" (PDF). US Department of State. n.d. Iliwekwa mnamo 20 Oktoba 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Marejeo
hariri- Rowlands, John Henry Lewis (1989). Church, State, and Society, 1827-1845: the Attitudes of John Keble, Richard Hurrell Froude, and John Henry Newman. Worthing, Eng.: P. Smith [of] Churchman Publishing; Folkestone, Eng.: distr. ... by Bailey Book Distribution. ISBN 1-85093-132-1
Viungo vya nje
hariri- McConnell, Michael W. (Aprili 2003). "Establishment and Disestablishment at the Founding, Part I: Establishment of Religion". William and Mary Law Review, provided by Questia.com. 44 (5): 2105. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2008-12-01. Iliwekwa mnamo 2006-11-23.
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