විකිපීඩියා:ඉංග්‍රීසි බස සඳහා IPA සඳහා මුලාශ්‍රය නරඹන්න

පහත හේතුව නිසා, ඔබ හට මෙම පිටුව සංස්කරණය කරන්න සඳහා අවසර නොමැත:
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis.
The block was made by ‪EPIC‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected.
Start of block: 08:48, 2 ජූලි 2024
Expiry of block: 08:48, 2 ජූලි 2025
Your current IP address is 206.189.44.186. The blocked range is 206.189.32.0/20.
Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy.
Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.
මෙම පිටුවෙහි මූලාශ්‍රය නැරඹීමට හා පිටපත් කිරීමට ඔබ හට හැකිය.
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{shortcut|WP:IPAE|WP:IPAEN}}
{{IPAkeys}}
The pronunciation of [[English language|English]] words in Wikipedia is given in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) using the following transcription, which is [[Diaphoneme|not specific to any one dialect]]. To compare these symbols with non-IPA American dictionary conventions you may be more familiar with, see [[pronunciation respelling for English]], which lists the pronunciation guides of fourteen English dictionaries published in the United States. 
For a basic introduction to IPA, see [[Wikipedia:IPA/Introduction]]. If you feel it is necessary to add a pronunciation respelling, please use the conventions of [[Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key|Wikipedia's pronunciation respelling key]].

To compare these symbols with dictionary IPA conventions you may be more familiar with, see [[Help:IPA conventions for English]], which lists the conventions of eight English dictionaries published in Britain, Australia, and the United States. For a more complete key to the IPA, see [[Wikipedia:IPA]], which includes sounds that do not occur in English. If the IPA symbols do not display properly on your browser, see the links at the bottom of this page.

{| class="wikitable"
! Understanding the key
|-
|This key accommodates <!--"standard ... English ... pronunciations" is not OK, so "English" alone is not OK-->standard [[General American]], [[Received Pronunciation]], [[Canadian English]], [[South African English]], [[Australian English phonology|Australian English]], and [[New Zealand English]] pronunciations. Therefore, not all of the distinctions shown here will be relevant to your dialect. If, for example, you pronounce ''cot'' {{IPA|/ˈkɒt/}} and ''caught'' {{IPA|/ˈkɔːt/}} the same, you can simply ignore the difference between the symbols {{IPA|/ɒ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔː/}}, just as you ignore the distinction between the written vowels ''o'' and ''au'' when pronouncing them. 

In many dialects {{IPA|/r/}} occurs only before a vowel; if you speak such a dialect, simply ignore {{IPA|/r/}} in the pronunciation guides where you would not pronounce it, as in ''cart'' {{IPA|/ˈkɑrt/}}. In other dialects, {{IPA|/j/}} (a ''y'' sound) cannot occur after {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/n/}} etc. in the same syllable; if you speak such a dialect, ignore the {{IPA|/j/}} in transcriptions such as ''new'' {{IPA|/njuː/}}. 

For example, ''New York'' is transcribed {{IPA|/njuː ˈjɔrk/}}. For most people from England, and for some New Yorkers, the {{IPA|/r/}} in {{IPA|/ˈjɔrk/}} is not pronounced and can be ignored; for most people from the United States, including some New Yorkers, the {{IPA|/j/}} in {{IPA|/njuː/}} is not pronounced and can be ignored. 

On the other hand, there are some distinctions which you might make but which this key does not encode, as they are seldom reflected in the dictionaries used as sources for Wikipedia articles. Examples include the difference between the vowels of ''fir'', ''fur'' and ''fern'' in [[Scottish English|Scottish]] and [[Hiberno-English|Irish English]], the vowels of ''bad'' and ''had'' in many parts of [[Australian English|Australia]] and the Eastern United States, and the vowels of ''spider'' and ''spied her'' in some parts of Scotland and North America. 

Other words may have different vowels depending on the speaker. ''Bath,'' for example, originally had the {{IPA|/æ/}} vowel of ''cat,'' but for many speakers it now has the {{IPA|/ɑː/}} vowel of ''father.'' Such words are transcribed twice, once for each pronunciation: {{IPA|/ˈbæθ, ˈbɑːθ/}}. 

The IPA stress mark ({{IPA|ˈ}}) comes ''before'' the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in [[Pronunciation respelling for English|pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States]]. 
|}

==Key==
[[File:IPAicon.png|right|alt=|link=]]<!--img placed here for browser page preview-->(Words in {{sc|small capitals}} are the standard [[Lexical_set#Wells_Standard_Lexical_Sets_for_English|lexical set]]s. Words in the lexical sets {{sc|bath}} and {{sc|cloth}} are given two transcriptions, respectively one with {{IPA|/ɑː/}} and one with {{IPA|/æ/}}, and with {{IPA|/ɒ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔː/}}).
{| style="background:none"
| valign="top" | 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:90%;"
! colspan="2"| [[Consonant]]s
|-
! style="width:3em;" | IPA !! Examples
|-
|<big>{{IPA|b}}</big>
| align=left|'''b'''uy, ca'''b'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|d}}</big>
| align=left|'''d'''ye, ca'''d''', '''d'''o
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ð}}</big>
| align=left|'''th'''y, brea'''the''', fa'''th'''er
|-
|<big>{{IPA|dʒ}}</big>
| align=left|'''g'''iant, ba'''dge''', '''j'''am
|-
|<big>{{IPA|f}}</big>
| align=left|'''ph'''i, ca'''ff''', '''f'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɡ}}</big> ({{IPA|ɡ}})<ref>If the two characters ‹{{IPA|ɡ}}› and ‹{{IPA|[[File:Opentail g.svg|6px]]}}› do not match and if the first looks like a ‹{{IPA|γ}}›, then you have an issue with your default font. See [[WP:IPA#Rendering issues|Rendering issues]].</ref>
| align=left|'''g'''uy, ba'''g'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|h}}</big>
| align=left|'''h'''igh, a'''h'''ead
|-
|<big>{{IPA|j}}</big>
| align=left|'''y'''es, '''y'''acht
|-
|<big>{{IPA|k}}</big>
| align=left|s'''k'''y, '''c'''ra'''ck'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|l}}</big>
| align=left|'''l'''ie, s'''l'''y, ga'''l'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|m}}</big>
| align=left|'''m'''y, s'''m'''ile, ca'''m'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|n}}</big>
| align=left|'''n'''igh, s'''n'''ide, ca'''n'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ŋ}}</big>
| align=left|sa'''ng''', si'''n'''k, si'''ng'''er
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ŋɡ}}</big>
| align=left|fi'''ng'''er, a'''ng'''er
|-
|<big>{{IPA|θ}}</big>
| align=left|'''th'''igh, ma'''th'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|p}}</big>
| align=left|'''p'''ie, s'''p'''y, ca'''p'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|r}}</big>
| align=left|'''r'''ye, t'''r'''y, ve'''r'''y<ref>Although the IPA symbol {{IPA|[r]}} represents a [[alveolar trill|trill]], {{IPA|/r/}} is widely used instead of {{IPA|/ɹ/}} in broad transcriptions of English.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|s}}</big>
| align=left|'''s'''igh, ma'''ss'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ʃ}}</big>
| align=left|'''sh'''y, ca'''sh''', emo'''ti'''on
|-
|<big>{{IPA|t}}</big>
| align=left|'''t'''ie, s'''t'''y, ca'''t''', a'''t'''om
|-
|<big>{{IPA|tʃ}}</big>
| align=left|'''Ch'''ina, ca'''tch'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|v}}</big>
| align=left|'''v'''ie, ha'''ve'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|w}}</big>
| align=left|'''w'''ye, s'''w'''ine
|-
|<big>{{IPA|hw}}</big>
| align=left|'''wh'''y<ref>{{IPA|/hw/}} is not distinguished from {{IPA|/w/}} in dialects with the [[Phonological history of wh|wine-whine merger]], such as RP and most varieties of GenAm.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|z}}</big>
| align=left|'''z'''oo, ha'''s'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big>
| align=left|plea'''s'''ure, vi'''si'''on, bei'''g'''e<ref>A number of English words, such as ''genre'' and ''garage'', are pronounced with either {{IPA|/ʒ/}} or {{IPA|/dʒ/}}.</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Marginal consonants
|-
|<big>{{IPA|x}}</big>
| align=left|u'''gh''', lo'''ch''', '''Ch'''anukah<ref>In most dialects, {{IPA|/x/}} is replaced by {{IPA|/k/}} in ''loch'' and by {{IPA|/h/}} in ''Chanukah.''</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ʔ}}</big>
| align=left|uh'''-'''oh {{IPA|/ˈʌʔoʊ/}}
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" 
! colspan="4"| [[Vowel]]s
|-
! IPA !! Full vowels  !! colspan="2" | ... followed by R<ref> In [[Rhotic and non-rhotic accents|non-rhotic accents]] like RP, {{IPA|/r/}} is not pronounced unless followed by a vowel. In some Wikipedia articles, {{IPA|/ɪər/}} ''etc.'' may not be distinguished from {{IPA|/ɪr/}} ''etc.'' When they are distinguished, the long vowels are sometimes transcribed {{IPA|/iːr/}} ''etc.'' by analogy with vowels not followed by {{IPA|/r/}}.  These should be fixed to correspond with the chart here.</ref><ref name=triphthong> Note that many speakers distinguish monosyllabic triphthongs with R and disyllabic realizations: ''hour'' {{IPA|/ˈaʊər/}} from ''plougher'' {{IPA|/ˈplaʊ.ər/}}, ''hire'' {{IPA|/ˈhaɪər/}} from ''higher'' {{IPA|/ˈhaɪ.ər/}}, ''[[wiktionary:loir|loir]]'' {{IPA|/ˈlɔɪər/}} from ''employer'' {{IPA|/ɨmˈplɔɪ.ər/}}, ''mare'' {{IPA|/ˈmɛər/}} from ''mayor'' {{IPA|/ˈmeɪ.ər/}}.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɑː}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|p'''a'''lm}}, Bar'''a'''ck Ob'''a'''ma, f'''a'''ther, br'''a'''
|<big>{{IPA|ɑr}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|st'''ar'''t}}, b'''ar'''d, b'''ar'''n, sn'''ar'''l, st'''ar''' (also {{IPA|/ɑːr./}})
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɒ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|l'''o'''t}}, p'''o'''d, J'''o'''hn<ref>{{IPA|/ɒ/}} is not distinguished from {{IPA|/ɑː/}} in dialects with the [[Phonological history of English low back vowels|father-bother merger]] such as GenAm.</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|ɒr}}</big>
| align=left|m'''or'''al, f'''or'''age
|-
|<big>{{IPA|æ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|tr'''a'''p}}, p'''a'''d, sh'''a'''ll, b'''a'''n
|<big>{{IPA|ær}}</big>
| align=left|b'''arr'''ow, m'''arr'''y
|-
|<big>{{IPA|aɪ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|pr'''i'''ce}}, r'''i'''de, f'''i'''le, f'''i'''ne, p'''ie'''<ref>Many speakers, for example in most of Canada, have a different vowel in ''price'' and ''ride''. Generally, an {{IPA|[aɪ]}} is used at the ends of words and before voiced sounds, as in ''ride, file, fine, pie,'' while an {{IPA|[ʌɪ]}} is used before voiceless sounds, as in ''price'' and ''write''. Because {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/d/}} are often conflated in the middle of words in these dialects, derivatives of these words, such as ''rider'' and ''writer'', may be distinguished only by their vowel: {{IPA|[ˈɹʷ'''aɪ'''ɾəɹ], [ˈɹʷ'''ʌɪ'''ɾəɹ]}}. However, even though the value of {{IPA|/aɪ/}} is not predictable in some words, such as ''spider'' {{IPA|[ˈsp'''ʌɪ'''ɾəɹ]}},{{fact}} dictionaries do not generally record it, so it has not been allocated a separate transcription here.</ref>
|<big> {{IPA|aɪər}}</big>
| align=left|'''Ire'''land, sapph'''ire''' ({{IPA|/aɪr./}})<ref name=triphthong/>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|aʊ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|m'''ou'''th}}, l'''ou'''d, f'''ou'''l, d'''ow'''n, h'''ow'''
|<big> {{IPA|aʊər}}</big>
| align=left|h'''our''' ({{IPA|/aʊr./}})<ref name=triphthong/>
|-
| <big>{{IPA|ɛ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|dr'''e'''ss}}, b'''e'''d, f'''e'''ll, m'''e'''n<ref name="E">Transcribed as {{IPA|/e/}} by many dictionaries.[http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2009/03/e-and.html]</ref>
|<big> {{IPA|ɛr}}</big>
| align=left|'''err'''or, m'''err'''y<ref name="E" />
|-
|<big>{{IPA|eɪ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|f'''a'''ce}}, m'''a'''de, f'''ai'''l, v'''ei'''n, p'''ay'''
|<big>{{IPA|ɛər}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|squ'''are'''}}, sc'''are'''d, sc'''ar'''ce, c'''air'''n, M'''ar'''y ({{IPA|/eɪr./}})<ref>Pronounced the same as {{IPA|/ɛr/}} in accents with the [[Mary-marry-merry merger]]. Often transcribed as {{IPA|/eə/}} by British dictionaries and as {{IPA|/er/}} by American ones. The OED uses {{IPA|/ɛː/}} for BrE and {{IPA|/ɛ(ə)r/}} for AmE.[http://www.oed.com/public/keytopronunciation]</ref><ref name=triphthong/> 
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɪ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|k'''i'''t}}, l'''i'''d, f'''i'''ll, b'''i'''n
|<big>{{IPA|ɪr}}</big>
| align=left|m'''irr'''or, S'''ir'''ius
|-
|<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|fl'''ee'''ce}}, s'''ee'''d, f'''ee'''l, m'''ea'''n, s'''ea'''
| <big>{{IPA|ɪər}}
| align=left |{{sc|n'''ear'''}}, b'''ear'''d, f'''ier'''ce, s'''er'''ious ({{IPA|/iːr./}})
|-
| <big> {{IPA|ɔː}}
| align=left |{{sc|th'''ough'''t}}, M'''au'''d, d'''aw'''n, f'''a'''ll, str'''aw'''<ref>{{IPA|/ɔː/}} is not distinguished from {{IPA|/ɑː/}} (except before {{IPA|/r/}}) in dialects with the [[Phonological history of English low back vowels|cot-caught merger]] such as some varieties of GenAm.</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|ɔr}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|n'''or'''th}}, b'''or'''n, w'''ar''', L'''aur'''a ({{IPA|/ɔːr./}})
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɔɪ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|ch'''oi'''ce}}, v'''oi'''d, f'''oi'''l, c'''oi'''n, b'''oy'''
|<big> {{IPA|ɔɪər}}</big>
| align=left|[[wiktionary:loir|l'''oir''']], [[wiktionary:coir|c'''oir''']] ({{IPA|/ɔɪr./}})<ref name=triphthong/>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|oʊ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|g'''oa'''t}}, c'''o'''de, f'''oa'''l, b'''o'''ne, g'''o'''<ref>Commonly transcribed {{IPA|/əʊ/}} or {{IPA|/oː/}}.</ref>
|<big> {{IPA|ɔər}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|f'''or'''ce}}, b'''oar''', m'''ore''', '''or'''al ({{IPA|/oʊr./}})<ref>{{IPA|/ɔər/}} is not distinguished from {{IPA|/ɔr/}} in dialects with the [[English-language vowel changes before historic r|horse-hoarse merger]], which include most dialects of modern English.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ʊ}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|f'''oo'''t}}, g'''oo'''d, f'''u'''ll, w'''o'''man
|<big> {{IPA|ʊr}}</big>
| align=left|c'''our'''ier
|-
|<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|g'''oo'''se}}, f'''oo'''d, f'''oo'''l, s'''oo'''n, ch'''ew''', d'''o'''
|<big> {{IPA|ʊər}}</big>
| align=left|b'''oor''', m'''oor''', t'''our'''ist ({{IPA|/uːr./}})<ref>{{IPA|/ʊər/}} is not distinguished from {{IPA|/ɔr/}} in dialects with the [[English-language vowel changes before historic r|pour-poor merger]], including many younger speakers.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|juː}}</big>
| align=left|c'''ue'''d, c'''u'''te, m'''u'''le, t'''u'''ne, q'''ueue''', '''you'''<ref>In dialects with [[yod-dropping]], {{IPA|/juː/}} is pronounced the same as {{IPA|/uː/}} after [[coronal consonant]]s ({{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/s/}},  {{IPA|/z/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}, {{IPA|/θ/}}, and {{IPA|/l/}}) in the same syllable, so that ''dew'' {{IPA|/djuː/}} is pronounced the same as ''do'' {{IPA|/duː/}}. In dialects with [[yod-coalescence]], {{IPA|/tj/}}, {{IPA|/dj/}}, {{IPA|/sj/}} and {{IPA|/zj/}} are pronounced {{IPA|/tʃ/}}, {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, {{IPA|/ʃ/}} and {{IPA|/ʒ/}}, so that the first syllable in ''Tuesday'' is pronounced the same as ''choose''.</ref>
|<big> {{IPA|jʊər}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|c'''ure'''}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>{{IPA|ʌ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" align=left|{{sc|str'''u'''t}}, m'''u'''d, d'''u'''ll, g'''u'''n<ref>This phoneme is not used in the northern half of England, some bordering parts of Wales, and some broad eastern Ireland accents.  These words would take the {{IPA|ʊ}} vowel: there is no [[Phonological history of English high back vowels|foot-strut split]].</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|ʌr}}</big>
| align=left|b'''or'''ough, h'''urr'''y
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɜr}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|n'''ur'''se}}, w'''or'''d, g'''ir'''l, f'''er'''n, f'''urr'''y ({{IPA|/ɝː/}})<ref name=rhoticschwa>In some articles {{IPA|/ɜr/}} is transcribed as {{IPA|/ɝː/}}, and {{IPA|/ər/}} as {{IPA|/ɚ/}}, when not followed by a vowel.</ref>
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Vowel reduction in English|Reduced vowels]]
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
| align=left|Ros'''a'''’s, '''a'''&nbsp;mission, comm'''a'''
|<big>{{IPA|ər}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|lett'''er'''}}, p'''er'''form (also {{IPA|/ɚ/}})<ref name=rhoticschwa/>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɨ}}</big>
| align=left|ros'''e'''s, '''e'''mission<ref>Pronounced {{IPA|[ə]}} in Australian and many US dialects, and {{IPA|[ɪ]}} in Received Pronunciation. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced {{IPA|[ɪ̈]}} and a reduced {{IPA|[ə]}}. Many phoneticians (vd. Olive & Greenwood  1993:322) and the [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]] use the pseudo-IPA symbol {{IPA|<s>ɪ</s>}} [http://www.oed.com/public/keytopronunciation], and [[Merriam–Webster]] uses {{IPA|ə̇}}.</ref> <small style="white-space: nowrap">(either {{IPA|ɪ}} or {{IPA|ə}})</small>
|<big>{{IPA|ən}}</big>
| align=left|butt'''on'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɵ}}</big>
| align=left|'''o'''mission<ref>Pronounced {{IPA|[ə]}} in many dialects, and {{IPA|[ɵw]}} or {{IPA|[əw]}} before another vowel, as in ''c'''o'''operate.'' Sometimes pronounced as a full {{IPA|/oʊ/}}, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as {{IPA|/ə(ʊ)/}} (or similar ways of showing variation between {{IPA|/əʊ/}} and {{IPA|/ə/}}) in British dictionaries.</ref> <small style="white-space: nowrap">(either {{IPA|oʊ}} or {{IPA|ə}})</small>
|<big>{{IPA|əm}}</big>
| align=left|rhyth'''m'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ʉ}}</big>
| align=left|beautif'''u'''l, curric'''u'''lum ({{IPA|[jʉ]}})<ref>Pronounced {{IPA|[ʊ]}} in many dialects, {{IPA|[ə]}} in others. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced {{IPA|[ʊ̈]}} and a reduced {{IPA|[ə]}}. The [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]] uses the pseudo-IPA symbol {{IPA|<s>ʊ</s>}} [http://www.oed.com/public/keytopronunciation].</ref> <small style="white-space: nowrap">(either {{IPA|ʊ}} or {{IPA|ə}})</small>
|<big>{{IPA|əl}}</big>
| align=left|bott'''le'''
|-
| <big>{{IPA|i}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|happ'''y'''}}, ser'''i'''ous<ref>Pronounced {{IPA|/iː/}} in dialects with the [[Phonological_history_of_English_high_front_vowels#Happy_tensing|happy tensing]], {{IPA|/ɪ/}} in other dialects. British convention used to transcribe it with /ɪ/, but the OED and other influential dictionaries recently converted to /i/.</ref> <small style="white-space: nowrap">(either {{IPA|ɪ}} or {{IPA|iː}})</small>
|<big>{{IPA|ᵊ, ⁱ}}</big>
| align=left|(vowel is frequently dropped: nasturt'''i'''um)
|- 
| colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]
! colspan="2" | [[Syllabification]]
|-
! IPA !! Examples
! IPA !! Examples
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big>
| align=left rowspan="2" | {{nowrap|'''in'''to'''na'''tion {{IPA|/ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/}},<ref>It is arguable that there is no phonemic distinction in English between primary and secondary stress (vd. Ladefoged 1993), but it is conventional to notate them as here.</ref>}} <br>'''bat'''tleship {{IPA|/ˈbætəlʃɪp/}}<ref>Full vowels following a stressed syllable, such as the ''ship'' in ''battleship,'' are marked with secondary stress in some dictionaries (Merriam-Webster), but not in others (the OED). Such syllables are not actually stressed.</ref>
| rowspan="2" |<big>{{IPA|.}}</big>
| rowspan="2" align=left|{{nowrap|shellfish {{IPA|/ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/}}, selfish {{IPA|/ˈsɛlf.ɨʃ/}}}}<br>{{nowrap|nitrate {{IPA|/ˈnaɪ.treɪt/}}, night-rate {{IPA|/ˈnaɪt.reɪt/}}}}<br>hire {{IPA|/ˈhaɪər/}}, higher {{IPA|/ˈhaɪ.ər/}}<br>moai {{IPA|/ˈmoʊ.aɪ/}}, Windhoek {{IPA|/ˈvɪnt.hʊk/}}<br>Vancouveria {{IPA|/væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/}}<ref>Syllables are indicated sparingly, where necessary to avoid confusion, for example to break up sequences of vowels (''moai'') or consonant clusters which an English speaker might misread as a [[digraph (orthography)|digraph]] (''Vancouveria, Windhoek'').</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ˌ}}
|}
|}

==See also==
* For differences among national dialects of English, see the [[IPA chart for English dialects]], which compares the vowels of [[Received Pronunciation]], [[General American]], [[Australian English phonology|Australian English]], [[New Zealand English]], and [[Scottish English]], among others. 
* For use of the IPA in other languages, see [[Wikipedia:IPA]] for a quick overview, or the more detailed main [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] article. 
* If your browser does not display IPA symbols, you probably need to install a font that includes the IPA. Good free IPA fonts include [[Gentium]] (prettier) and [[Charis SIL]] (more complete); download links can be found on those pages.
* For a guide to adding pronunciations to Wikipedia articles, see the [[template:IPA/doc|documentation for the IPA template]].
* For help on getting the [[screen reader]] [[JAWS (screen reader)|JAWS]] to read IPA symbols, see [http://www.personal.psu.edu/ejp10/blogs/gotunicode/2008/09/getting-jaws-61-to-recognize-e.html Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols].
* [[Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key]]
* For IPA text-to-speech bookmarklet, see [http://www.johntantalo.com/blog/ipa-tts-bookmarklet/ IPA TTS bookmarklet].

==Notes==
<references/>

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|English]]

[[simple:Help:Pronunciation]]
[[ta:ஆங்கில ஒலிப்புக் குறிகள்]]
මෙම පිටුවෙහි භාවිත සැකිලි:
විකිපීඩියා:ඉංග්‍රීසි බස සඳහා IPA වෙත නැවත යන්න.
"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/විකිපීඩියා:ඉංග්‍රීසි_බස_සඳහා_IPA" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි