See soorce fer Dumfries

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{{Fix Scots}}
{{Infobox UK place
 |official_name= Dumfries
 |country = Scotland
 |static_image_name=Dumfries looking east.jpg
 |static_image_caption= Dumfries leukin east
|population= 33,280
 |population_ref= <ref name=2012pop2a>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |title="Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 2a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014 |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204064320/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=2012pop3a>[http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab3a.pdf "Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 3a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014]{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |os_grid_reference= NX976762
 |coordinates = {{coord|55.070|-3.603|display=inline,title}}
 |post_town= DUMFRIES
 |postcode_area= DG
 |postcode_district = DG1/2
 |dial_code= 01387
 |constituency_westminster=• [[Dumfries an Gallowa (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries an Gallowa]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Alister Jack]])
 |gaelic_name= Dùn Phris<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=413 | title=Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland database | publisher=[[Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba]] | accessdate=17 October 2013 | archive-date=2016-08-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803142610/http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=413 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]]
 |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Dumfriesshire|Dumfries]]
 |constituency_scottish_parliament=• [[Dumfriesshire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Oliver Mundell]])<br>• [[Gallowa an Wast Dumfries (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Gallowa an Wast Dumfries]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Finlay Carson]])
 }}

'''Dumfries''' ({{IPA-en|dʌmˈfɹiːs|-|Dumfries.ogg}} {{respell|dum|FREESS|'}}; aiblins fae {{lang-gd|Dùn Phris}}) is a mercat toun an foregane [[ryal burgh]] within the [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] cooncil area o [[Scotland]]. It is locatit near the mooth o [[River Nith]] intil the [[Solway Firth]]. Dumfries is the tradeetional [[coonty toun]] o the [[Scots coonties|historic coonty]] o [[Dumfriesshire]].<ref>[http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/thomson/555.html John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland, 1832] from ''National Library of Scotland'' retrieved 3 June 2013</ref> Dumfries is eik-name't ''Queen o the Sooth''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=277 |title="Eva Mendes – the latest Queen of the South" 7th&nbsp;November&nbsp;2010 |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2015-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215171804/http://www.qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=277 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The eik-name wis gien name til the toun's professional fitbaw team, [[Queen of the South F.C.]]. Fowk fae Dumfries is kenned colloquial as ''Doonhamers''.

==Toponymy==

The're at least three theorys on the etymology o the name. Yin is that the name ''Dumfries'' oreeginates fae the [[Scots Gaelic]] name ''Dùn Phris'' that means "Fort o the rone".<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliament Scotland - Placenames - Gaelic - C-E |url=http://www.parliament.scot/Gaelic/placenamesC-E.pdf |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013215200/http://www.parliament.scot/Gaelic/placenamesC-E.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anither is that it comes fae a Brittonic cognate o the ledged Gaelic derivation ([[Welsh leid|Welsh]] ''Dyn Prys'').<ref name="bliton">{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence |url=http://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary.pdf |website=SPNS - The Brittonic Language in the Old North |accessdate=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813011121/http://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dumfries micht be the same place as ''Penprys'' that is mentiont in an awdl (a lang poem) bi [[Taliesin]],<ref name="bliton" />  an suggests that the first element micht hae been ''pen'', "summit-heid" (Welsh ''pen''). Accordin tae a third theory, the name is a corruption o twa [[Auld Inglis leid|Auld Inglis]] or [[Auld Norse]] wirds that mean "the freer's hill"; thaim that fauvour this idea ledge the formation o a religious hoose near the heid o whit is noo the Friar's Vennel.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> If the name wis English or Norse, houiver, the expectit form wad hae the elements in reversed orientation. A Celtic derivation is tharefore preferred. Mairower, the Brittonic element ''drum'',<ref name="bliton" /> meanin "rig" an the Gaelic elements ''druim''<ref name="bliton" /> that means the same, an ''dronn'',<ref name="bliton" /> "a hump", hae aw been suggestit as an explanation o the first element.<ref name="bliton" /> Thaer is baith ane ''Dùn'' an ane ''druim'' in the toun.

==History==
===Early history===

There is nae definite record anent the time an mainer o Dumfries's foondin.<ref name=autogeneratedhist>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/dumfries/history1.htm |title=History of the Burgh of Dumfries – Chapter I |publisher=Electricscotland.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref>

Some scrievers haud that Dumfries floorisht as a place o distinction durin the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] Occupeetion o North [[Great Breetain]]. The [[Selgovae]] bade in [[Nidsdale]] at the time and micht hae biggit some military warks o a defensive naitur on or near the site o Dumfries; an it is mair nor likely that a castle o some kynd formt the nucleus o the toun. This is inferred fae the etymology o the name, that, accordin tae ae theory, is resolvable intae twa Gaelic terms, signifyin a castle or fort in the shaw or scrogs. Dumfries wis ance athin the borders o the [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]]. The destrict aroond Dumfries wis for several centurys rule't ower an deemt o muckle importance bi the invadin Romans. Mony traces o Roman presence in Dumfriesshire is tae be fund yet; cuinyies, wappens, orrals o urns, military yirdwarks, an roads bein amang the relicts left ahint bi thair lenthent bidin in this pairt o Scotland. The Caledonian breed in the sooth o Scotland wis investit wi the same richts bi an edict o [[Antoninus Pius]]. The Romanised natives received freedom (the burraes, cairns, an orrals o stane temples tae be seen in the destrict yet tell o a time whan Druidism wis the prevailin releegion) as weel as civilisation fae thair conquerors. Late in the fowert century CE, the Romans bad fareweel til the kintra.<ref name=autogeneratedhist />

Accordin til anither theory, the name is a corruption o twa wirds that mean "The Freer's Hill"; thaim that fauvour this idea ledge that [[Saunt Ringan]], bi plantin a releegious hoose near the heid o whit is noo Friars Vennel, at the end o the fowert century, becam the the virtual foonder o the burgh; houiver Rangan, sae faur as is kenned, dinna oreeginate ony monastic estaiblishments onywhaur an wis semply a meesionar. In the list o Breetish touns gien bi auncient historian [[Nennius]], the name ''Caer Peris'', that some modren antiquarians suppose tae hae been transmutit, bi change o deealect, intae Dumfries.<ref name=autogeneratedhist />

Twal o [[King Arthur|King Arthur's]] battles wis recordit bi Nennius in his ''Historia Brittonum''. The Battle o Tribuit (the 10t battle) his been suggestit as havin been mebbe near Dumfries or near the mooth o the [[River Avon]] near [[Bo'ness]].

Efter the Roman depairtur the airt aroond Dumfries haed sindry forms o veesit bi [[Pechts]], [[Anglo-Saxons]], [[Scots fowk|Scots]], an [[Norsemen]] culminatin a decisive victory for [[Giric|Giric (Gregory), King o Scots]] at whit is noo [[Lochmaben]] ower the native [[Britons]] in 890.<ref name=autogeneratedhist />

===Mediaeval speal===

Whan, in 1069, [[Malcolm III o Scotland|Malcolm Canmore]] an [[William the Conqueror]] haudit a conference regairdin the claims o [[Edgar the Ætheling]] til the English Croun, thay met at Abernithi - a term that in the auld Breetish lied means a port at the mooth o the [[River Nith]]. It his been argied, the toun sicweys chairacterized maun hae been Dumfries; an tharefore it maun hae existit as a port in the [[Kinrick o Strathclyde]], gin no in the Roman days. Houiver, again this arguement is that the toun is situatit aicht tae nine mile fae the sea,<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> awtho the River Nith is tidal an navigable aw the wey intil the toun itsel.

[[File:Lincluden Collegiate Church.jpg|thumb|Lincluden Collegiate Kirk, kenned an aw as [[Lincluden Aibey]], c.1789]]
Awtho at the time 1 mile upstream an on the conter baunk o the Nith fae Dumfries, [[Lincluden Aibey]] wis foondit circa 1160. The aibey ruins is on the site o the [[bailey]] o the verra early [[Lincluden Castle]], as is thae yins o the later [[Lincluden Tower]]. This releegious hoose wis uised for various purposes, until its abandonment aroond 1700. Lincluden Aibey an its grunds is noo within the Dumfries urban conurbation boond. [[William the Lion]] grantit the chairter tae raise Dumfries til the rank o a [[ryal burgh]] in 1186. Dumfries wis verra much on the mairch durin its first 50 year as a burgh an it growed verra swith as a mercat toun an port.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of the burgh of Dumfries: with notices of Nithsdale, Annandale, and the western border|first=William|last=M'Dowall|publisher=Adam and Charles Black|year=1867|page=144}}</ref>

[[Alexander III o Scotland|Alexander III]] veesitit Dumfries in 1264 tae plan an expedeetion again the [[Isle o Man]], afore Scots bit for 180 year subjectit til the croun o [[Norawa]]. Identified wi the conquest o Man, Dumfries skare't in the weel-bein o Scotland for the next 22 year until Alexander's accidental deith brang an Augustan era in the toun's history til a snippen end.<ref name=autogeneratedhist />

A ryal castle, that no langer exists, wis built in the 13t century on the site o the praisent Castledykes Park. In the latter pairt o that century [[William Wallace]] chase't a fleein force soothwart throu the Nith dale. The English fugies met the yetts o [[Dumfries Castle]] that remained closed firm in thair presence. Wi a menyie o the toun's fowk jynin Wallace an his follaein pursuers whan thay arrived, the fleein English met thair end at Cockpool on the [[Solway Coast]]. Efter restin at [[Caerlaverock Castle]] a few mile awa fae the bluidlattin, Wallace again passt throu Dumfries on the day efter as he retourt north tae [[Sanchar]].

In the invasion o 1300, [[Edward I o Ingland|Edward I o England]] ludged a wheen o days in Juin wi the Minorite Freers o the Vennel, afore, at the heid o the than-mucklemaist invasion force tae attack Scotland, he asieged Caerlaverock Castle. Efter Caerlaverock yieldit hinderly, Edward passt throu Dumfries again as he crosst the Nith so as tae tak the invasion tae [[Gallowa]]. Wi the Scots nobility haein requeestit assistance fae the [[Haly See]] for thair cause, Edward on his retour tae Caerlaverock wis praisentit wi a missive directit tae him bi [[Pape Boniface VIII]]. Edward haudit coort in Dumfries that he greed grudgin til a parley. On 30 October, the parley soleecitit bi Boniface wis adheebitit bi Edward at Dumfries. Letters fae Edward, datit at Dumfris, wis sent tae his subordinates ootthrou Scotland, orderin thaim tae gie effect tae the treaty. The peace wis tae last until Whitsunday in the follaein year.<ref name=autogeneratedhist />

Afore becomin [[Scots monarchs|Keeng o Scots]], [[Robert the Bruce]] slaw his rival the [[John III Comyn, Laird o Badenoch|Red Comyn]] at [[Greyfriar's Kirk]] in the toun on 10 Februar 1306. His switherin aboot the fatality o his stobbin caused yin o his follaers, [[Roger de Kirkpatrick]], tae mooth the famous "A mak siccar" an feenish the Red Comyn aff. Bruce wis excommunicatit subsequent as an upshot, less for the murther nor its location. Regairdless, for the Bruce the dice wis casten at the maument in Greyfriars an sae begoud his campaign bi force for the independence o Scotland. Swuirds wis drawn bi supporters o baith sides, the buirial grund o the Monastery becomin the theatre o battle. Bruce an his pairty than attackit Dumfries Castle. The English gairison surrendert an for the third time in the day Bruce wis victorious. He wis crount King o Scotland scrimp seiven week efter. Bruce later triumpht at the [[Battle o Bannockburn]] an led Scotland tae independence.

Aince Edward hid received wird o the revolution that hid startit in Dumfries, he again raised an airmy an invadit Scotland. Dumfries wis again subjectit til the control o Bruce's enemys. [[Christopher Seton|Sir Christopher Seton]] (Bruce's guid-brither) hid been capturt at [[Loch Doon]] an wis hurrit tae Dumfries tae be tried for traison in general an mair speceefic for bein praisent at the Red Comyn's killin. In 1306 an alang wi twa companions, Seton wis condammt an executit bi [[hangin]] an than [[heidin (decaptitation)]] at the site o whit is noo St Mary's Kirk.

[[File:Burns Statue and Greyfriars, Dumfries.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Greyfriars Kirk an Burns Statue|alt=]]
In 1659 ten weemen wis accuised o sindry acts o witchcraft bi Dumfries Kirk Session awtho the Kirk Session meenits itsel records anely nine witches. The Justiciary Coort fand thaim guilty o the several airticles o witchcraft an on 13 Apryle atween 2 pm an 4 pm thay wis takken til the Whitesands, strangelt at stakes, an thair bouks burnt til ess.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/dumfstory09.html |title=Dumfries Museum |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218025748/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/dumfstory09.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===18t century===

Contra the funtain in Dumfries High Street, adjacent til the praisent [[Marks & Spencer]], wis the Commercial an later the County Hotel. Awtho the latter wis demolisht in 1984-5, the oreeginal facade o the biggin wis reteenit an incorporatit intae new retail premises.[https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200362756-79-high-street-county-hotel-nith-ward] The biggin noo hooses a Waterstanes beukshap. Room No. 6 o the hottle wis kenned as [[Charles Edward Stuart|Bonnie Prince Charlie]]'s Room an wis cairpetit appropriate in the [[Ryal Stewart tartan]]. The timmer panellin o Prince Charlie's Room wis lairgely reinstatit an pentit complete wi the ile-pentit laundskips bi Robert Norie (1720-1766)[https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/james-norie-senior] in the owermantels at baith ends o the room an can yet be seen up the stairs as a shawroom o the beukshap.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Norie Family|url=https://archive.org/details/noriefamily0000holl|last=Holloway|first=James|publisher=National Galleries of Scotland|year=1994|isbn=0903598442|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/noriefamily0000holl/page/27 27]}}</ref> The [[Charles Edward Stuart|Young Pertender]] hid his heidquarters here durin a 3-day stey in Dumfries taewart the end o 1745. £2,000 wis demandit bi the Prince, thegither wi 1,000 brogues for his kilted [[Jacobite risin o 1745|Jacobite]] rebel airmy, that wis campin in a field no 100 yaird awa. A clatter that the [[Duke o Cumberland]] wis approachin made Bonnie Prince Charlie decide tae leave wi his airmy, wi anely £1,000 an 255 pair o shuin haein been haundit ower.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/travel/burns1.htm |title=Walks in Burns Country – Town Centre |publisher=Electricscotland.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref>

[[Robert Burns]] flittit tae Dumfriesshire in 1788 an tae Dumfries itsel in 1791, bidin there until his deith on 21 Julie 1796. The day's [[Greyfriar's Kirk]] leuks ower the location o a Burns statue that wis designt bi [[Amelia Paton Hill]], sculptit in Carrara, Italy in 1892, an wis unveilt bi futur [[Prime meenister]], [[Archibald Primrose, 5t Yerl o Rosebery]] on 6 Apryle 1882.<ref name="burnsstatue">{{cite web|url=http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=12973 |title=Burns Statue, Dumfries with Tam O'Shanter and Souter Johnnie statues "on tour", c 1900 |publisher=National Burns Collection |accessdate=29 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115946/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=12973 |archivedate=26 August 2014 }}</ref> The day it featurs on the 2007 series o £5 paper notes issue't bi the [[Bank of Scotland]], alangside wi the [[Brig o Doon]].<ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_bank_of_scotland.php|title=Current Banknotes: Bank of Scotland|publisher=The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|accessdate=17 October 2008}}</ref>

Efter wirkin wi [[Patrick Miller o Dalswinton|Patrick Miller o Dalswintoun]], inventor [[William Symington]] ettle't tae cairy a trial oot sae as tae shaw that an ingine wad wirk on a boat withoot the boat catchin fire. The trial teuk place hinderly on Dalswintoun Loch near Dumfries on 14 October 1788. The experiment demonstratit that a steam ingine wad wirk on a boat. Symington gaed on tae become the builder o the first practical steamboat.

===20t century an ayont===

[[File:New bridge 4.jpg|thumb|Buccleuch Street Brig, Dumfries]]
The first ineetial hint that [[RAF Dumfries]] wis tae be built wis made in late 1938. The site chosen hid accomodatit licht aircraft syne aboot 1914. Wark oncam quickly, an on 17 Juin 1940, the [[18 Maintenance Unit]] wis appent at Dumfries. The role o the steid durin the war encompasst trainin an aw. RAF Dumfries hid a maument o danger on 25 Mairch 1943, whan a German [[Dornier Do 217]] aircraft shot the airfield baikon up, bit rattelt shortlins efterwart. The pilot, Oberleutnant Martin Piscke wis later buiried in [[Troqueer]] Cemetery in Dumfries toun, wi fu military honours. On the nicht o 3-4 August 1943 a [[Vickers Wellington]] bomber wi ingine problems divertit tae Dumfries bit rattelt 1.5 mile short of the runwey.<ref name="Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.dumfriesaviationmuseum.com/ |title=Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum |publisher=Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref>

In [[Warld War II]] the feck o the [[Norse Airmy]] durin thair years o exile in Breetain conseestit o a brigade o in Dumfries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dumfries remembers role as home to Norwegian army |author=Giancarlo Rinaldi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-11685262 |newspaper on 16 =[[BBC Scotland]] |date=4 November 2010 |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref> When the army High Command teuk ower, the war 70 officers and aboot 760 preevats in the camp. The camp wis estaiblisht in Juin 1940 an name't ''Norwegian Reception Camp'', conseestin o some 500 men an weemen, mainly Norse that hid volunteert for war duty in Norawa durin the [[Nazi occupeetion]] in early 1940. Throu the simmer the nummer wis accresst tae aroond 1,500 unner the commaund o General [[Carl Gustav Fleischer]]. Within a wheen o miles o Dumfries is the veelages o [[Tynwald, Dumfries an Gallowa|Tynwald]], [[Torthorwald]], an [[Moosal]], that aw wis sattle't bi [[Vikings]].

Dumfries his experience't twa Boxin Day [[yirdquauks]]. This anes wis in 1979 (measurin 4.7 {{mag|l}} centred near [[Langtoon]])<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://sjg.lyellcollection.org/content/38/2/113|title=The felt effects of the Carlisle earthquake of 26 December 1979|first1=R. M. W.|last1=Musson|first2=P. H. O.|last2=Henni|date=1 December 2002|publisher=|journal=Scottish Journal of Geology|volume=38|issue=2|pages=113–125|via=sjg.lyellcollection.org|doi=10.1144/sjg38020113}}</ref> an in 2006 (centred in the Dumfries destrict measuring 3.6 {{mag|l}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/macroseismics/dumfries_2006_macro.htm |title=Dumfries Earthquake 26 December 2006 |work=British Geological Survey |url-status=dead |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309214103/http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/macroseismics/dumfries_2006_macro.htm |archivedate=9 March 2011 }}</ref> Thare wisna ony sairious consequences in baith yins. The war an aw a yirdquauk on 16 Februar 1984<ref>Redmayne D. W., 1984. £The Dumfries earthquake of 16 February 1984£. ''BGS; Global Seismology Report'' No. 241</ref> an anither yirdquauk on 7 Juin 2010.<ref>[http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/recent_events/20100607173319.3.html]{{dead link|date=August 2011}}</ref>

==Demographics==

The National Records for Scotland mid 2012 upcastit population o Dumfries wis reportit as 33,280.<ref name=2012pop2a>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |title="Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 2a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014 |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204064320/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=2012pop3a>[http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab3a.pdf "Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 3a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014]</ref>

==Namely fowk==
{{For|a list o aw folk fae Dumfries wi a Wikipedia airticle|Category:Fowk frae Dumfries}}

[[File:Robert Burns House, Dumfries.jpg|left|thumb|Robert Burns Hoose in Dumfries]]
[[File:Plaque of Notable Students at Dumfries Academy.jpg|thumb|upright|Plaque o namely fowk fae Dumfries Academy]]
A nummer o weel-kenned fowk wis eddicatit at [[Dumfries Academy]], amang thaim [[Henry Duncan (meenister)|Henry Duncan]], meenister and foonder o the warld's first commercial saufins baunk; Sir [[James Anderson]], that caiptaint the [[SS Great Eastern]] on the [[trans-Atlantic cable]] layin vaiges in 1865 an 1866; [[J. M. Barrie]], scriever o [[Peter Pan]]; [[John Law Hume]], muisicker in the orchestra on the [[RMS Titanic]]; [[Jane Haining]], missionar for the Kirk o Scotland in Hungary; [[Alexander Knox Helm]], diplomat; [[John Laurie]], actor (Private Fraser in ''[[Dad's Army]]''); [[Christian Jane Fergusson]], airtist; Sir [[Robin Philipson]], airtist; [[John Hanson (sanger)|John Hanson]], sangster; [[Alex Graham (cairtoonist)|Alex Graham]], cairtoonist best kenned for the [[Fred Basset]] series; an [[Jock Wishart]], that in 1998 set a new warld record for circumnavigatin the globe in a pouert veshel. [[Roger White (executive)|Roger White]], CEO of saft-drinks group [[A.G. Barr]], is a local lad that gaed tae the Dumfries Academy. Follaein [[William A. F. Browne]]'s 1838 appyntment as superintendant o the Crichton Hospital, his son, [[James Crichton-Browne]], psychiatrist, neurologist, an medical psychologist, wis eddicatit at the Academy.

[[William Charles Wells]], predecessor tae [[Charles Darwin]] on the theory o [[Naitural selection]] wis anither yin that wis eddicatit in Dumfries. Geologist [[Robert Harkness]] wis eddicatit in Dumfries an bade consequent in the toun. Sir [[Frank Williams (Formula One)|Frank Williams]] o F1 motor-racin fame wis eddicatit at [[St Joseph's College, Dumfries]] as wis [[Charles Forte, Baron Forte]], foonder o the leisur an hottles conglomerate Forte Group. St Joseph's wis foondit bi [[Brither Wilfrid]], the foonder o [[Celtic F.C.]].

International chairt-tappin record producer [[Calvin Harris]] is fae Dumfries. Dumfries wis the hametoun of Harris until he left in 2008. [[Ray Wilson (musicker)|Ray Wilson]], lead sangster o [[Stiltskin]] an later [[Genesis (baund)|Genesis]] wis born in Dumfries as wis the musickers [[Geoffrey Kelly]], [[Ian Carr]], an [[Emma's Imagination]] sangster [[Emma Gillespie]] is fae Dumfries. Opera sangster [[Nicky Spence]] wis born in Dumfries as wis [[Britain's Got Talent]] sangster [[Andrew Johnston (singer)|Andrew Johnston]]. [[Nigel Sinclair CBE]] is a [[Hollywood]] pictur producer. [[Michael Carter (actor)|Michael Carter]]'s actin career his seen him appear in a variety o productions rangin fae ''[[Return o the Jedi]]'' tae ''[[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]]''.

Dumfries his produce't a steidy rin o professional [[fitbaw]]ers an manager. The best-kenned fitbawers o thair era tae come fae Dumfries is aiblins [[Dave Halliday]],<ref name=qosleg>{{cite web|url=http://www.qosfc.com/Legends |title="Queens legends" on the official Queen of the South FC website |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> [[Ian Dickson (fitbawer)|Ian Dickson]],<ref name=qosleg/> [[Bobby Ancell]], [[Billy Houliston]],<ref name=qosleg/> [[Jimmy McIntosh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=616|title=QosFC: Jimmy McIntosh|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407092446/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=616|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Willie McNaught]], an [[Ted McMinn]].<ref name=qosleg/> Halliday, Dickson, Houliston, an McMinn played for the hame toun club [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen o the Sooth FC]] durin thair careers. [[Dominic Matteo]]<ref name = "matteo">{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=1135|title=QosFC: Dominic Matteo autobiography review|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407145352/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=1135|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=autogeneratedbarry>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=615|title=QosFC: Barry Nicholson|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629140210/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=615|url-status=dead}}</ref> wis born in Dumfries bit flittit tae England whan he wis a young boy.<ref name=autogeneratedbarry /> [[Barry Nicholson]] lost 4-3 tae Queens playin for [[Aberdeen F.C.]] in the 2008 [[Scots Cup]] semi-feenals in maugre o scorin<ref name=qoshist>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/History |title=Queen of the South club history |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> again the team he supportit as a boy. Ancell, Houliston, McNaught, an Nicholson hae representit England at unner-21 level and wis jyned bi havin duin sae in saison 2010-11 bi [[Cammy Bell]] an [[Grant Hanley]]. Matteo gaint 6 fu kaips for Scotland<ref name=autogeneratedbarry />  efter haein representit England at unner-21 level. Halliday wis owerleukit bi Scotland in fauvour o [[Hughie Gallacher]].<ref name=qosleg/> Gallacher played for The Queens bit wisna fae Dumfries. It wis as a manager raither nor a player that [[Thomas Mitchell (football manager)|Thomas Mitchell]] made his name as a multiple [[FA Cup]] winner at [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/Legends |title=Connections between Dumfries and Blackburn Rovers in the Queen of the South profile on Jackie Oakes |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> afore jynin Woolwich Arsenal as [[Arsenal F.C.]] wis than name't.

Dumfries is an aw the hametoun o three-times [[24 Oors o Le Mans]] winner [[Allan McNish]]<ref name = "mcnish">{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=638|title=QosFC: Allan McNish (part 2)|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2014-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021105352/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=638|url-status=dead}}</ref> as it wis tae [[David Leslie (racing driver)|David Leslie]].<ref name = "mcnish" /><ref name = "mcnish" /> Scotland [[rugby union]] internationalists [[Duncan Hodge]], [[Nick De Luca]], [[Craig Hamilton]], an [[Alex Dunbar]] wis born in Dumfries as wis perfaisonal gowfers [[Andrew Coltart]]<ref name=autogeneratedcoltart>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=649|title=QosFC: Andrew Coltart|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629133946/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=649|url-status=dead}}</ref> an [[Robert Dinwiddie (golfer)|Robert Dinwiddie]]. [[Curlin]] warld kemps [[David Murdoch]], [[Euan Byers]], an [[Craig Wilson (curler)|Craig Wilson]] wis aw born in Dumfries. Umwhile [[Dairts]] kemp [[Rab Smith]] is anither ''Doonhamer''.

[[BBC]] braidcaster [[Kirsty Wark]] wis born in the toun as wis fallae braidcaster [[Stephen Jardine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=634|title=QosFC: Stephen Jardine|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629155509/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=634|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Neil Oliver]] (archaeologist, historian, scriever, an braidcaster growed up in [[Ayr]] an Dumfries. Scriever an earth scientist [[Dougal Dixon]] is fae Dumfries. [[Hunter Davies]] (scriever, jurnalist, an braidcaster) bade in Dumfries for 4 year as a boy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/Legends |title=Hunter Davies memories of Dumfries in the profile on Billy Houliston |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> [[James Hannay (scriever)|James Hannay]], asides bein a scriever an jurnalist spent the last 5 year o his life as the Breetish consul in [[Barcelona]]. [[John Mayne (makar)|John Mayne]] wis born in Dumfries in 1759 an contreebutit in the field o poetry. [[Warld War I]] makar [[William Hamilton (Breetish Airmy officer)|William Hamilton]] wis anither wan born in Dumfries.

[[Archibald Gracie]], shippin magnate an business tycoon in the USA, wis fae Dumfries. [[John McFarlane (Breetish businessman)|John McFarlane]], CEO of Australie an New Zealand Banking Group Limited ([[ANZ]])) oreeginates fae the toun, as dis [[William (Bill) Nelson (ADFP)]] that wis an aw wi ANZ (umwhile [[AXA]], [[AMP Limited]], and [[Westpac]]) an an aw faither o [[Alice Nelson]], noo CEO of Centurion Wealth Advisors. The airchitect [[George Corson]] that wirked mainly in [[Leeds]], England, wis born in Dumfries and article't tae [[Walter Newall]] in the toun.

Politeecian [[David Mundell]] wis born in Dumfries as wis [[William Dickson (Upper Canada)|William Dickson]], [[William Pattison Telford Sr.]], an [[Ambrose Blacklock]], aw that made thair merk poleetical in [[Canadae]]. Malcolm H. Wright, faither o [[Sophie B. Wright]] - New Orleans eddicator an pioneer for weemen's and childer's richts. Suffragette an feminist campaigner [[Dora Marsden]] spent the last 25 year o her life being care't for in Dumfries efter her psychological foonder. [[Ian Gibson (politician)|Dr. Ian Gibson]] is anither tae leave his merk on politeecs.

[[James Edward Tait]] wis a Dumfries-born recipient o the [[Victoria Cross]]. [[William Robertson (VC)|William Robertson]] an [[Edward Spence (VC)|Edward Spence]] are ither Victoria Cross recipients. [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nt Yerl o Liverpuil]], UK Prime meenister fae 1812 tae 1827, wis quartert in Dumfries in 1796 durin his military service.

[[David Haggart]] wis a Scots thief an rogue that in 1820 in his escape fae Dumfries Gaol (the site is noo occupeed bi Thomson's the Jewellers) kilt a preeson officer. He wis hangit in Edinburgh in 1821. His deectatit memoir publisht as a chapbeuk<ref>[https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184943 Life of David Haggart who was executed at Edinburgh, 18 July 1821 for the murder of the Dumfries jailor], National Library of Scotland. Retrieved: 25 July 2019.</ref> becam the subject o the pictur ''Sinful Davey'' starnin [[John Hurt]].

A plaque on the waw on the site o the King's Airms Hottle, noo Boots the Chemist's, records the presence there in 1829 o William Burke o  the notour [[Burke an Hare murthers]]. He wis traivelin tae Ireland efter the trial; his veesit caused a near royet.<ref>[https://digital.nls.uk/broadsides/view/?id=15239 Broadside entitled 'Riot at Dumfries! Hares Arrival'] National Library of Scotland. Retrieved: 25 July 2019.</ref>

[[John Richardson (naituralist)|John Richardson]], [[naituralist]], explorer, an naval surgeon wis born in Dumfries as wis [[John Craig (mathematician)|John Craig]], [[mathematician]], an [[James Crichton]], [[polymath]]. [[Benjamin Bell]] efter bein born in Dumfries gaed on tae become considert the first Scots scienteefic surgeon. His ieroe wis [[Joseph Bell]] that [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] his creeditit [[Sherlock Holmes]] as bein lowse sted on fae Bell's obversant mainer. Doyle's faither, airtist [[Charles Altamont Doyle]] deed in the [[The Crichton Ryal Institution]] an is buirit in the High Cemetery in Dumfries.<ref>[https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Charles_Altamont_Doyle Charles Altamont Doyle], The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Retrieved: 25 July 2019.</ref>

[[Thomas Peter Anderson Stuart]] left Dumfries tae gang on an foond the [[University of Sydney Medical School]]. [[John Allan Broun]]'s contreebution tae science wis his diskiverys aroond magnetism an meteorology. [[James Braid (surgeon)|James Braid]], surgeon an pioneer o [[hypnosis|hypnotism]] an [[hypnotherapy]], practice't in Dumfries fae 1825 tae 1828 in pairtnery wi William Maxwell. [[Ian Callum]] is kenspeckle't in the warld o motor ingineerin.

A [[Kirk o Scotland]] meenister the Rev. John Ewart o [[Troqueer]] in [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] produce't eleiven childers that some hae made a namely merk. [[Peter Ewart]] wis an ingineer that wis influential in developin the technologys o [[turbines]] an theories o thermodynamics. His brither [[Joseph Ewart]] becam the Breetish ambassador tae [[Proushie]]. [[John Ewart]], a doctor, becam Chief Inspector o [[East Indie Company]] infirmarys in [[Indie]]. [[William Ewart]], faither of [[William Ewart (Breetish politeecian)|William Ewart]], politeecian, wis a business pairtner o Sir John Gladstones, faither o fower-times Prime meenister [[William Ewart Gladstone]]. Gladstone junior wis name't efter Ewart, his godfather.

==Climate==

As wi the lave o the [[Breetish Isles]], Dumfries experiences a [[Oceanic climate|maritime climate]], wi cuil simmers an myld winters. It is yin o the no sae snawy locations in Scotland acause o its sheltert law-liein poseetion in the soothwast o the kintra. Fae 2 Julie 1908 the toun haudit the record for the heichest temperatur readin in Scotland, 32.8&nbsp;°C (91.0&nbsp;°F) until bein surpasst in [[Greycrook]], Borders, on 9 August 2003.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[UKMO]] |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ws/print.html |title=1908 temperature |accessdate=30 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103082750/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ws/print.html |archivedate=3 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Dumfries 49m asl, 1961–1990, extremes 1951–1980
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 14.3
|Feb record high C = 13.3
|Mar record high C = 17.8
|Apr record high C = 19.3
|May record high C = 25.2
|Jun record high C = 28.3
|Jul record high C = 32.8
|Aug record high C = 28.6
|Sep record high C = 25.6
|Oct record high C = 22.8
|Nov record high C = 15.6
|Dec record high C = 13.9
|year record high C = 32.8
|Jan high C = 6.0
|Feb high C = 6.2
|Mar high C = 8.3
|Apr high C = 11.1
|May high C = 14.3
|Jun high C = 17.2
|Jul high C = 18.5
|Aug high C = 18.2
|Sep high C = 15.7
|Oct high C = 12.9
|Nov high C = 8.6
|Dec high C = 6.8
|year high C = 11.9
|Jan low C = 0.7
|Feb low C = 0.6
|Mar low C = 1.8
|Apr low C = 3.3
|May low C = 5.8
|Jun low C = 8.8
|Jul low C = 10.5
|Aug low C = 10.4
|Sep low C = 8.6
|Oct low C = 6.3
|Nov low C = 2.6
|Dec low C = 1.3
|year low C = 5.0
|Jan record low C = −13.9
|Feb record low C = −11.1
|Mar record low C = −12.2
|Apr record low C = −3.9
|May record low C = −2.2
|Jun record low C = 0.6
|Jul record low C = 2.8
|Aug record low C = 2.2
|Sep record low C = -1.1
|Oct record low C = -3.9
|Nov record low C = −9.0
|Dec record low C = −10.6
|year record low C = −13.9
|Jan precipitation mm = 110
|Feb precipitation mm = 76
|Mar precipitation mm = 81
|Apr precipitation mm = 53
|May precipitation mm = 72
|Jun precipitation mm = 63
|Jul precipitation mm = 71
|Aug precipitation mm = 93
|Sep precipitation mm = 104
|Oct precipitation mm = 117
|Nov precipitation mm = 100
|Dec precipitation mm = 107
|year precipitation mm = 1047
|Jan sun = 44.7
|Feb sun = 68.7
|Mar sun = 98.4
|Apr sun = 145.0
|May sun = 180.1
|Jun sun = 176.7
|Jul sun = 162.2
|Aug sun = 156.7
|Sep sun = 110.8
|Oct sun = 89.8
|Nov sun = 61.5
|Dec sun = 37.9
|year sun = 1333.5
|source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref>{{cite web
| url =http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/sites/10.html | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20010210225728/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/sites/10.html | archivedate =10 February 2001 | title = Dumfries 1961-90 averages | accessdate = 5 November 2011 | publisher = [[Met Office]]}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[ScotClim]]<ref>{{cite web
| url =http://www.weather.org.uk/climate/scotclim.html | title = Dumfries 1951-1980 extremes | accessdate = 5 November 2011 | publisher = [[ScotClim]]}}</ref>
|date=November 2011
}}

==Geography==

[[File:auld brig dumfries.jpg|thumb|Devorgilla Brig wi Auld Brig Hoose Museum at the end o the furthest span fae the camera]]
[[File:Dumfries Suspension Bridge.jpg|thumb|Whitesands suspension footbridge ower the Nith]]
[[File:Fountain and midsteeple.jpg|thumb|upright|The funtain an midsteeple on Dumfries High St]]
[[File:1990dumfrieswhitesands.jpg|thumb|Whitesands, fae Buccleuch Street]]
[[File:River Nith.jpg|thumb|River Nith]]

Like the lave o [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], o Scotland's three major geographical areas Dumfries is locatit in the [[Soothren Uplands]].

The [[River Nith]] flowes throu Dumfries taewart the [[Solway Firth]] in a soothwart direction cleavin the toun intae East an Wast. At law tide, the sea recedes tae sic an extent on the shallae slopin sands o the Solway that the lenth o the Nith is stendit bi 8 mile to 70.7 mile at the maist. This maks the Nith Scotland's seivent langest river. The're several brigs crossin the river within the toun. Atween the [[Dervorguilla o Gallowa|Dervorguilla]] Brig (kenned as "The Auld Brig" an aw) an the suspension brig is a [[weir]] kenned colloquial as "The Caul". In wetter months o the year the Nith can fluid the surroondin streets.

Dumfries his a thrang o suburbs includin [[Summerhill, Dumfries|Summerhill]], Summerville, [[Troqueer]], Georgetown, Cresswell, Larchfield, Calside, Lochside, Lincluden, [[Newbridge Drive, Dumfries|Newbridge Drive]], Sandside, Heathhall, [[Locharbriggs]], Noblehill, an Marchmount. [[Maxwelltoun]] tae the wast o the River Nith wis ae-time a burgh in its ain richt within the [[Kirkcoubrieshire|Stewarty o Kirkcoubrie]] until its incorporation intae Dumfries in 1938; Summerhill, [[Troqueer]], Lochside, Lincluden, and Sandside is amang ither suburbs locatit on the Maxwelltoun side o the river. [[Palmerston Park]], hame til the toun's senior fitbaw team [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen o the Sooth F.C.]], is on Terregles Street, on the Maxwelltoun side o the river an aw.

Queensberry Square an High Street is the central focal pynts o the toun an the area hosts mony o the historical, social, an commercial enterpreeses an events o Dumfries.  Durin the 1990s, thir areas enjeyed various aesthetic acknawledgements fae organizations includin [[Britain in Bloom]].

==Governance==

Scots communitys grantit [[Ryal Burgh]] status bi the monarch gairdit jealous the honour an wi fushion. Ridin the Mairches maintains the tradeetion o an occasion that wis, in its day, o muckle importance. Dumfries his been a Ryal Burg syne 1186, its chairter bein grantit bi [[William the Lion|Keeng William the Lion]] in a muive that enshuirt the lealty o its ceetizens til the Monarch.

Awtho faur fae the centre o pouer in Scotland, Dumfries hid obvious strategic significance sittin as it dis on the edge o [[Gallowa]] an bein the centre o control for the soothwast o Scotland.

Wi the [[River Nith]] on twa sides an the Lochar Moss on anither, Dumfries wis a toun wi guid naitural defences. Consequently, it wis niver completely wawed. A carefu ee yet hit tae be keept on the clear define't boonds o the burgh, a task that hid tae be unnertakkin ilk year bi the [[Mayor|Provost]], [[bailies]], [[burgesses]], an ithers within the toun.

Neebourin lairds micht try tae encroach on the toun boonds, or the Mairches as thay wis kenned, muivin thaim back 100 yaird or sae tae thair ain benefit. It hid tae be made clear tae onybody thinkin o or tryin tae encroach that they daurna dae sae.

In retour for the Ryal status o the toun an the fauvour o the King, the provost an the cooncil, alang wi ither wirthy fowk hid tae be diligent in enshuirin the boonds wis strictly observed. Awtho steepit in history, Scotland's burghs remeent the fundament o the kintra's seestem o local government for centurys. Burgh status conferred on its ceetizens the richt tae elect thair ain toun cooncils, rin thair ain affairs, an raise thair ain local taxs or rates.

In 1974 the burghs becam pairt o lairger destricts an regions. Thae boonds lost the significance thay wis grantit bi Ryal statute. Auncient titles like provost an bailie wis shauchelt aff or reteent anely for ceremonial purposes. Robes an cheens aften fand thair wey intae museums as a myndin o the past.

Dumfries remeens a centre o government for a much muckler area nor juist the toun itsel. Bit its fowk, the Doonhamers yet reteen a pride in thair toun an distinctive identity. This is niver mair sae nor durin the week-lang Guid Nychburris Festival an its heichlicht the Ridin o the Mairches tat taks place on the third Seturday in Juin ilk year.

===Politics===

Dumfries is locatit in the [[Subdiveesions o Scotland|cooncil area]] o [[Dumfries an Gallowa]]. It is the seat o the local cooncil, whase heidquarters is locatit on the edge o the toun centre. Until 1995 Dumfries wis an aw hame til the cooncil for the local destrict o [[Nithsdale]]. Dumfries lens its name an aw til the [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|lieutenancy area]] o Dumfries, that is seemilar in boonds til the forgane [[Dumfriesshire]] coonty.

Dumfries is situatit in the [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|UK Pairlament]] constituency of [[Dumfries an Gallowa (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries an Gallowa]] that is representit bi [[Alister Jack]] o the [[Scots Conservative Pairty]] For [[Scots Pairlament]] elections, Dumfries is in the [[Sooth Scotland]] electoral area an cleaved atween twa constituencys. The wastlin wairds o Abbey and North Wast Dumfries is in the constituency o [[Gallowa an Wast Dumfries (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Gallowa and Wast Dumfries]], and the eastlin wairds o Nith an Lochar is in the constituency o [[Dumfriesshire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]. The respecive MSPs is [[Finlay Carson]] an [[Oliver Mundell]], baith o the [[Scots Conservative Pairty]].

On the Dumfries an Gallowa cooncal, Dumfries is kivert bi fower 4-seat wairds: Abbey, Lochar, Nith, and North Wast Dumfries. North Wast Dumfries is the anely waird that alanerly kivers areas within the toun itsel, wi the tithers incorporating ootwith areas. In the 2017 cooncil election, thir wairds electit 6 [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]], 5 [[Scots Conservative Pairty|Conservative]], and 4 [[Scots Naitional Pairty|SNP]] cooncillors.

==Economy==
Dumfries his a lang history as a [[coonty toun]], an as the [[mercat toun]] o a surroondin rural hinterland.

Dumfries is a relatively weel-aff community bit the toun centre his been exposed til the centrifugal forces that hae seen retail, business, eddicational, residential, an ither uisses gravitate taewart the toun's urban freenge.<ref>[http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/Dumgal/Documents.aspx?id=12338 DGC -Document: Dumfries Town Centre Urban Design Strategy – Part 1] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215015236/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/Dumgal/Documents.aspx?id=12338 |date=15 February 2008 }}</ref> This wis startit in the 1980s wi the biggin o the Dumfries bypass. The immediate effect o this wis as ettle't the diversion o transitin traffeck awa fae the toun centre. This brocht wi it an accompanyin reduction in economic inpit til the toun centre. The seicont effect o this his been mair pronoonce't. Sites near til the bypass hae attractit development tae utilize the bypass as a heich-speed urban hiewey withoot the bottlenecks o the toun centre and withoot the constreenin leemitit toun centre pairkin.

Ina bid tae re-brisken up development in Dumfries toun centere, baith economically an in a social context, several strategys hae been propone't bi the controllin authoritys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesregeneration.co.uk |title=MiniWeb: Regeneration & Europe – Dumfries Town Centre |publisher=Dumfriesregeneration.co.uk |date=15 August 2011 |accessdate=24 August 2011 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Cultur==

Dumfries got its eik-name ''Queen o the Sooth'' fae David Dunbar, a local makar,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telinco.co.uk/RobertTemple/Hrkiv6.htm#t1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031105133946/http://www.telinco.co.uk/RobertTemple/Hrkiv6.htm#t1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2003 |title=Robert Temple Bibliographical Archive |publisher=Telinco.co.uk |date=2 March 2008 |accessdate=24 August 2011 }}</ref> that in 1857 stuid in the general election. In yin o his addresses he cried Dumfries "Queen o the Sooth" and this becam synonymous wi the toun.<ref name=qoshist/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ritchie |first=Robert |url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Best-town-nickname.5509952.jp |title="Best town nickname" The Scotsman 1st&nbsp;August&nbsp;2009 |publisher=Thescotsman.scotsman.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref>

The term ''doonhamer'' comes fae the wey that natives of Dumfries ower the years hae referred til the aera whan wirking away fae hame. The toun is aften reffered tae as "doon hame" (down home) in the [[Scots leid]]. The term ''doonhamer'' follaed, tae descrive thaim that origeenate fae Dumfries.<ref name=qoshist/>

The Doonhamers is an aw the eik-name o [[Queen of the South F.C.]] that represent Dumfries an the surroondin area in the [[Scottish Football League]].<ref name=qoshist/>

The creest conteens the wirds "A Lore Burne". In the history o Dumfries near to the toun wis the quaw that the Loreburn ran throu whase name becam the rallyin cry o the toun in times o attack - "A Lore Burne" meanin "til the lairie burn".<ref name=qoshist/><ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/frames.html |title=Dumfries and Galloway Museums and Galleries on-line |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711222022/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/frames.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2017 Dumfries wis rankit the happiest place in Scotland bi [[Rightmove]].<ref name=happy>[http://www.itv.com/news/border/2017-10-11/dumfries-ranked-the-happiest-place-to-live-in-scotland/ "Dumfries ranked the happiest place to live in Scotland" www.itv.com 11 October 2017]</ref>

===Museums===

[[File:Camera Obscura, Dumfries.JPG|thumb|upright|left|[[Dumfries Museum]] an camera obscura]]
Locatit on tap o a wee hill, [[Dumfries Museum]] is centre't on the 18t-century windmill that staunds abuin the toun. Includit is fossil fit-dunts left bi prehistoric reptiles, the wildlife of the Solway mosses, tuils an wappens o the earliest fowk o the region, an stane cairvins o Scotland's first Christians. On the tap fluir o the museum is a [[camera obscura]].<ref name=autogenerated3 />

sted in the control tour near Tinwald Downs, the aviation museum his an extensive indoor ootset o memorabilia that strives tae preserve [[aviation]] heritage, a hantle o it that his come via various rekivery acteevitys. Durin the Seicont Warld War, aerial navigation was taucht at Dumfries and [[Wigtoun]] an aw, an nearby [[Annan]] wis a fechter trainin unit. [[RAF Dumfries]] doobelt as an important maintenance unit an storange unit. The museum is run bi the [[Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum]] group an is the anely preevat avaiation museum in Scotland.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |title=Dumfries and Galloway Museums |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date=1 August 1999 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222132412/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The restore't control tour o the foregane Warld War II airfield is noo a leetit biggin. The museum is run bi volunteers an hooses a lairge and ever-expandin aircraft collection, aero ingines, and a display ootset o artefacts and personal histories relatin tae aviation, past an praisent. It is hame an aw til the Loch Doon [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire]]. Baith ceevil aviation an military aviation is representit.<ref name="Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com"/>

===Theatre an Cinema===

[[File:Shakespeare St, Dumfries.jpg|thumb|The Theatre Royal in Dumfries. In the background can be seen the spire o the auld St Andrew's Cathedral: the lave of the biggin burnt doun in 1961<ref>[http://www.standrewsdumfries.org.uk/History_plus.htm St. Andrew's Catholic Church Dumfries website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327015953/http://www.standrewsdumfries.org.uk/History_plus.htm |date=27 March 2014 }}</ref> and wis replace't wi a new kirk on the same site.]]
The [[Theatre Royal, Dumfries]] wis built in 1792 an is the auldest wirkin theatre in Scotland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guildofplayers.co.uk/ |title=Guild of Players – Home |publisher=Guildofplayers.co.uk |date=June 2014 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219150241/http://www.guildofplayers.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The theatre belangs til the Guild o Players that bocht in 1959, tharefore saufin it fae demoleetion, an is run ona volutary basis bi the members o the Guild o Players. It is fondit enteerly bi Guild membership stents and bi box-office quitances takkins. It disna praisently receive ony grant aid taewart runnin costs.

In recent years the theatre his been reruift an the ootside refurbisht. It is the venue for the Guild o Players ain productions an for performances fae veesitin companies. Thir include: [[Scottish Opera]], [[TAG]], [[the Borderline]], and [[7:84]].

The [[Robert Burns Centre]] is an airt hoose cinema in Dumfries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbcft.co.uk/ |title=Robert Burns Centre Film Theatre |publisher=Rbcft.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> The Odeon Cinema, that shew mair mainstream picturs, closed its doors in mid-2018.

===Concert an Event Venues===

[[File:DG One, Dumfries, 2007-07-26.jpg|thumb|Construction o DG One centre in 2007]]
The Loreburn Haw (whiles kenned colloquial as The Drill Haw)<ref name="culturalprofiles.org.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.culturalprofiles.org.uk/scotland/Units/298.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-04-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152912/http://www.culturalprofiles.org.uk/scotland/Units/298.html |archivedate=6 June 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> his hostit concerts bi performers sic as [[Black Sabbath]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.black-sabbath.com/tourdates/1970.html |title=1970 Tour |publisher=Black-sabbath.com |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611151759/http://www.black-sabbath.com/tourdates/1970.html |archivedate=11 June 2011 }}</ref> [[Big Country]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991022224215/http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Alley/2384/td-1990.html WebCite query result<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[The Proclaimers]], an [[Scottish Opera]].<ref name="culturalprofiles.org.uk"/> The haw his hostit sportin events sic as [[warstlin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrestling101.com/101/newsitem/1154/ |title=wZw Present The 'Destruction Tour' |publisher=Wrestling101.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219085931/http://www.wrestling101.com/101/newsitem/1154/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The new DG One sport, fitness, an enterteenment centre becam the principle indoor event venue in Dumfries in 2007,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dgone.co.uk |title=MiniWeb |publisher=DG One |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2019-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101101632/http://dgone.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> bit in October 2014, it closed acause o major defects diskivert in the biggin. Houiver, the refurbisht replenisht biggin reappent tae the public in the simmer o 2019.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dumfries leisure centre with 'unique' failings ready to reopen
|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/uk-scotland-south-scotland-48761099|accessdate=7January 2020|work=BBC News|date=26 June 2019}}</ref> The Theatre Royal his reappent an aw follaein renovation wark.

===Visual Airts===

Wi a collection o ower 400 Scots pentins, Gracefield Arts Centre hosts a changin programme o exheebeetions featurin regional, national, and internatonal airtists and craft-makkers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/grace.html|title=Gracefield Arts centre|date=|publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk|accessdate=24 August 2011|archive-date=2020-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222025418/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/grace.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Dumfries Art Trail brings thegither airtists, makkers, gaileries, an craft shaps wi venues accessible aw year roond.<ref>http://www.dumfriesarttrail.wordpress.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920205544/https://dumfriesarttrail.wordpress.com/ |date=2020-09-20 }} DART 2017</ref>

===Festivals===

The're a nummer o festivals that tak place ootthrou the year, maistly sted on tradeetional values.

'''''Guid Nychburris''''' ([[Middle Scots leid|Middle Scots]], meanin 'guid neebours') is the main festival o the year, a ceremony that is lairgely sted on the theme o a positive community speerit.

The ceremony on Guid Nychburris Day follaes a route an sequence o events laid doun in the mists o time. Formal proceedins start at 7.30 am wi the gaitherin o up tae 250 horses waitin for the courier tae arrive and annunce that the Pursuivant is on his wey, an at 8.00 am leave the Midsteeple an ride oot tae meet the Pursuivant. Thay then proceed to Ride the Mairches an Stob an Nog (merk the boond wi stabs an knags) afore retourin til the Midsteeple at 12.15 pm tae meet the Provost an then the Chairter is proclaimt tae the tounfowk o Dumfries. This is than follaed bi the crounin o the Queen o the Sooth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guidnychburris.co.uk |title=www.guidnychburris.co.uk |publisher=www.guidnychburris.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822205037/http://www.guidnychburris.co.uk/ |archive-date=22 August 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Syne 2013, Dumfries his seen the annual [[Nithraid]], a wee boat race up the Nith fae Carsethorn, celebratin the toun's historical relationship wi the river.

The region is hame an aw tae a nummer o thrivin muisic festivals sic as the Eden Festival (at St Ann's near Moffat), Youthbeatz (Scotland's lairgest free youth muisic festival), the Moniave Folk Festival, Thornhill Music Festival, and Electric Fields at Drumlanrig Castle afore.

[[File:Ewart Library entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance tae the Ewart Library]]

===Leebrary===

The [[Ewart Library]] is a [[Carnegie library]], an wis appent in 1904. Carnegie donatit £10,000 taewart the buildin o the leebrary, an suggestit that it wis name't efter [[William Ewart]], forgane MP for the area, and wha wis key in the introduction o actis o Pairlament in baith England an Scotland relatit til the creaution o public leebrarys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotcities.com/carnegie/renaiss.htm|title=Edwardian Renaissance Architecture in Scotland|website=www.scotcities.com|access-date=2019-07-27|archive-date=2019-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910163352/http://www.scotcities.com/carnegie/renaiss.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Sport==

[[File:Scoreboard cropped.JPG|thumb|left|2008 Scottish Cup semi final result on the scoreboard at Hampden Park]]
[[Queen of the South F.C.]] represent Dumfries an the surroondin area in the seicont level o the kintra's [[Scottish Professional Football League|perfaisonal fitbaw seestem]], the [[Scottish Championship]]. [[Palmerston Park]] on Terregles Street is the hame grund o the team. This is on the Maxwelltoun side o the River Nith. Thay raxt the 2008 Scottish Cup Final, losin 3-2 tae [[Rangers F.C.]].

[[Dumries Saints Rugby Club|Dumfries Saints Rugby Club]] is yin o Scotland's auldest rugby clubs having been admeetit til the [[Scots Rugby Union]] in 1876-7 as "Dumfries Rangers".

Dumfries hame an aw tae a nummer of gowf coorses:
* The Crichton Golf Club
* The Dumfries and County Golf Club
* The Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club

O thae that wis listit anely the Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club is on the Maxwelltoun side of the River Nith. This course is clift intae twa haufs o 9 holes ilk bi the town's [[Castle Douglas]] Road. The club hoose an holes 1 tae 7 an 17 and 18 is on the side nearest tae Summerhill. Holes 8 tae 16 is on the side nearest tae Janefield.

The appenin state of the [[2001 Tour o Breetain]] startit in [[Peebles]] and finisht 105.8 mile later in Dumfries. The stage wis wun bi sprent speicialist an ringin [[Tour de France]] green gansey kemp, [[Mark Cavendish]], wi his teammate leid-oot man, [[Mark Renshaw]] finishin seicont. Cavendish hid been schedule't tae be racin in the 2011 [[Vuelta a España]]. Houiver Cavendish wis yin o a nummer o riders tae reteer havin suffert in the searin Spaingie heat. This alloued Cavendish tae be a late addeetion tae the Tour o Breetain line-up in his preparation for whit wis tae be a successfu bid twa week later in the 2001 [[UCI Road World Championship]] - Men's Road Race . Cavendish in a smilin efter-race interview in Dumfries descrived the weet an windy race condeetions throu the Southern Scots stage as 'horrible'.<ref>Tour of Britain, ITV4, 7 pm Sun 11 September 2011</ref>

DG One complex includes a national event-sized competeetion soumin puil.

The David Keswick Athletic Centre is the principal faceelity in Dumfries for athletics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.runtrackdir.com/details.asp?track=dumfries |title=David Keswick Athletic Centre |publisher=Runtrackdir.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref>

Dumfries is hame tae [[Nithsale Amateur Rowin Club]].  The rowers skare thair clubhoose wi [[Dumfries Sub-Aqua Club]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Douglas A. Rathburn |url=http://www.oarspotter.com/blades/UK/Club/British_Club.html |title=Blades of the World: British Rowing Clubs |publisher=Oarspotter.com |date=14 July 2011 |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dgstandard.co.uk/tags/rowing/ |title=rowing news and articles – Dumfries and Galloway Standard |publisher=Dgstandard.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> The rowers share their clubhouse with [[Dumfries Sub-Aqua Club]].<ref>[http://website.lineone.net/~tkburnett/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010520163810/http://website.lineone.net/~tkburnett/|date=20 May 2001}}</ref>

The toun is hame an aw tae the [[Solway Sharks]] [[Ice hockey]] team. The team is praisently Northern Premier League winners. The team's hame rink is Dumfries Ice Bowl, that is kenned an aw as Scotland's anely center o ice hockey excellence, an trials for the Scottish Jr. national team is cairit oot at this venue.

Dumfries Ice Bowl is hame an aw tae twa [[synchronized skeetin]] teams, [[Solway Stars]] and [[Solway Eclipse]]. In addeetion, Dumfries Ice Bowl is hame an aw tae several curliln teams, competeetions, an leagues. Junior curlin teams fae Dumfries, consistin o curlers unner the age o 21, compete raiglar in the Dutch Junion Open sted in Zoetermeer, the Netherlands. In 2007, 2008, an 2009 a Dumfries-sted team hae been the winners o the competeetion's Hogline Tropy.

Dumfries hosts three outdoors [[bouls]] clubs:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bowlsclub.org/associations/lawn/GB/SBA17/247/ |title=SBA district 17 |publisher=BowlsClub.org |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2011-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812200844/http://bowlsclub.org/associations/lawn/GB/SBA17/247/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Dumfries Bowling Club]]
* [[Marchmount Bowling Club]]
* [[Maxwelltown Bowling Club]]

Dumfries hosts cyclin organizations an cyclin vacances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumfriescc.org/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-05-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527161000/http://dumfriescc.org/ |archivedate=27 May 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dandgcycling.care4free.net/ |title=Dumfries and Galloway Cycling Group CTC Section Southwest Scotland, homepage |publisher=Dandgcycling.care4free.net |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk/cycling/ |title=Cycling holidays in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland |publisher=Visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk |date=30 September 2003 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819140424/http://www.visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk/cycling |archivedate=19 August 2011 }}</ref>

==Eddication==

Dumfries haes several primary schuils, aboot yin per key destrict, and fower main seicontary schuils. Aw o thir institutions is governt bi Dumfries an Gallowa Cooncil. the seicontary schuils is;

* [[Dumfries Academy]]
* [[Dumfries High School]]
* [[Maxwelltoun High School]]
* [[St Joseph's College]]

Dumfries Academy wis a [[grammar school]] until adoptin a comprehensive format in 1983.

In 2013 plans for a 'super schuil' wis annunce't. Thir plans wis later dimitit in fauvour o renovatin existin schuils.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-25023668|title=The Dumfries 'super school' project that never took off|first=Giancarlo|last=Rinaldi|date=21 November 2013|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>

In 199 Scotland's first multi-institutional university campus wis estaiblisht in Dumfries, in the 85-acre Crichton estte. In order o campus presence it is host tae the [[University of the West o Scotland]] (UWS) (kenned as University o Paisley and Bell College afore), [[Dumfries and Galloway College]], and the [[Glesga Varsity|University of Glasgow]]. In its infancy yet, the campus offers a range o degree coorses in initial teacher eddication, business, computin, environmental studies, tourism, heritage, social wark, heal, social studies, nuiricin, liberal airts, an humanities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2007/08/20105300|title=Support for Crichton and South of Scotland|first=Scottish Government, St. Andrew's House, Regent Road, Edinburgh EH1 3DG Tel:0131 556 8400|last=ceu@scotland.gsi.gov.uk|date=20 August 2007|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://crichtoncampus.co.uk/ |title=Crichton University Campus Dumfries – Scotland UK |publisher=Crichtoncampus.co.uk |date=11 July 2006 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814021722/http://crichtoncampus.co.uk/ |archivedate=14 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In maugre o a short-leeved threit o closin tae the University o Glasgow pairt o the campus in 2006, a campaign bi students, academics, an local supporters enshuirt that the University of Glasgow remeent appen in Dumfries. The University of Glasgow, syne maintainin its proveesion in Dumfries, his lencht a new unnergraduate programme in primary teachin.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080503004422/http://www.gla.ac.uk/departments/dumfriescampus/undergraduatestudy/primaryeducationwithteachingqualification/]</ref>

==Healcare==

[[Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary]] is the principal seicontary care referral centre for Dumfries an Galloway region. It noo includes a maternity wing that replace't the auld Cresswell Maternity Hospital.

The [[Crichton Royal Hospital]] is pairt o the Royal Infirmary complex an provides a regional psychiatric, psychological, an speicialist addictions service within Dumfries an Galloway. In 1838 [[Willam A. F Browne]] acceptit the poseetion o Physeecian Superintendant at the newly creatit Crichton. It is at the Chricton that [[Ursula Fleming]] gaint a hantle o her eddication an experience.

==Transport==

[[File:Maxwelltown Railway Path, Dumfries (looking towards Hardthorn Road bridge).jpg|thumb|left|Maxwelltown Railwey Paith, Dumfries (leukin taewart Hardthorn Road brig)]]
[[File:Dumfries Railway Station 2008-01-18.jpg|thumb|[[Dumfries railwey station]]]]
Dumfries is linkit tae the norwart-gaun [[M74 motorwey]] at [[Beattock]] via the [[A701 road]]. The eastwart-gaun
[[A75 road]] links Dumfries tae the soothwart-gaun A74 (M), leadin tae the [[M6 Motorwey]] an [[Cairl]]. The westlin-gaun A75 links Dumfries til the ferry port o [[Stranrawer]]. The [[A76 road]] connects tae [[Kilmarnock]] in [[Ayrshire]].

[[Dumfries railwey station]] is locatit on the [[Glasgow South Western Line]]. It wis awairdit Best Station Awards bi [[British Rail]] in 1986 an 1987. The train service is noo operatit bi [[Abellio ScotRail]] that provides services tae [[Glesga Central station]] an Cairl, an no sae aften services direct tae [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]. The nearest station tae Dumfries on the [[West Coast Main Line]] is 14 mile east alang the [[A709 road]] at [[Lockerbie]], an the nearest West Coast Main Line station linkin direct tae Dumfries bi rail is at Cairl.

[[Maxwelltoun station]] in the Summerhill destrict o the toun wis closed alang wi the direct line tae Stranrawr via Castle Douglas as pairt o the [[Beeching cuts]] in 1965. Pairt o the disused railwey track in Dumfries wis later convertit til a cycle paith.

==Pairks==

The maist significant o the pairks in Dumfries is aw within walkin distance o the toun centre:

* Dock Park - locatit on the East baunk o the Nith juist til the sooth o St Michael's brig
* Castledykes Park - as the name suggests on the site o a foregane castle
* Mill Green (kenned an aw as Deer Park, awtho the deer that wis there hae syne been relocatit) - on the Wast baunk o the Nith conter Whitesands

==Braidcastin==

Dumfries is hame tae yin o the 11 BBC studios in Scotland.

[[West Sound (Dumfries an Gallowa)|West Sound FM]], pairt o the [[Bauer Media Group]], braidcasts fae Dumfries, an is an aw the main radio station for the area. Community radio station ''Alive 107.3'' braidcasts on 107.3 FM in Dumfries an online.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.info/radio/stations/alive-radio-1073|title=Alive Radio 107.3|publisher=}}</ref>

In 2018, Dumfries got a new radio station, ''Dumfries Community Radio''. Kenned an aw as DCR Online, it isna a tradeetional FM radio station, bit an online radio station.

==Local jurnalism==

The twa local newspapers that kiver speceefic Dumfries an the surroondin area is:

* ''[[Dumfries and Galloway Standard]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://icdumfries.icnetwork.co.uk/dumfriesgalloway/ |title=icDumfries – Dumfries & Galloway Standard News |publisher=Icdumfries.icnetwork.co.uk |date=11 August 2009 |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref>  (estaiblisht 1843) publishin on Tysdays an Fridays
* ''[[Dumfries Courier]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriescourier.co.uk/ |title=Dumfries Courier – Regionwide news from your weekly newspaper |publisher=Dumfriescourier.co.uk |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926073214/http://www.dumfriescourier.co.uk/ |archive-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> publishing on Fridays publishin on Fridays

==Airchitectural geology==

[[File:Buccleuch St, Dumfries, 2007-07-26.jpg|thumb|saundstane biggins in Buccleuch Street]]

The're mony biggins in Dumfries made fae saundstane o the local Locharbriggs [[Quarrel (minin)|quarrel]]. The quarrel is situatit aff the A701 on the north o Dumfries at Locharbriggs near til hte aggregates quarrel. This dimension stane quarrel is a lairge quarrel. Quarrel wirkin at Locharbriggs dates fae the 18t century, an the quarrel his been wirked continuous syne 1890.<ref name="autogeneratedquarry">{{cite web|url=http://www.stancliffe.com/uk-stone-types-and-colours/locharbriggs-red-sandstone|title=Locharbriggs Red Sandstone Suppliers|first=RJ Design|last=Associates|publisher=}}</ref>

The're guid reserves o stane that can be howkit at several locations. On average the stane is available at deepths o 3 fit on bed awtho some lairger block are obtainable. The average lenth o a block is 4 fit bit 7 fit blocks can be obtaint.

Locharbriggs is fae the New Red saundstane o the Permian age It is a middlin-graint stane rangin in colour fae dreich red tae pink. It is the saundstane uised in the [[Queen Alexandra Bridge]] in [[Sunderland]], the [[Manchester International Convention Centre]], an the base o the [[Statue o Leeberty]].<ref name=autogeneratedquarry /><gallery caption="Examples o sandstane carvins fund in Dumfries">
File:Dumfries Academy, Minerva Building, Academy St, Dumfries DG1 1DD, Detail.jpg|Minerva biggin, Dumfries Academy
File:Grayfriars 1.jpg|Detail at Greyfriar's Kirk
File:Grayfriars 4.jpg|Detail at Greyfriars Kirk
File:Midsteeple 7.jpg|Detail at Midsteeple
File:Queensberry Hotel, Dumfries 2.jpg|Detail at Queensberry hottle
File:Queensberry monument dumfries 2.jpg|Ram's heid at Queensberry monument
File:Greyfriars Dumfries town centre.jpg|Greyfriars Dumfries toun centre
File:Carving of satyr, Dumfries.jpg|Carvin o Pan
File:Dumfries Academy 2.jpg|Detail at Dumfries Academy
</gallery>

==Surroondin places o interest==

As the lairgest sattlement in Soothren Scotland, Dumfries is notit as a centre for veesitin surroonding places o interest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishholidays.net/visit/scotland-tour-dumfries-dumfries.html |title=Dumfries Travel Guide |publisher=Scottishholidays.net |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2017-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224911/http://www.scottishholidays.net/visit/scotland-tour-dumfries-dumfries.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The follaein is aw within easy reak:

* [[Ae, Dumfries an Gallowa|Ae]] an [[Ae Forest]]
* [[Caerlaverock Castle]]<ref name="autogenerated2" />
* [[Criffel]] - a hill on the Solway coast popular wi hill walkers for its views o the Soothren Scotland coastline an ootower the [[Solway Firth]] til the [[Lake District]] o [[Cumbria]].
* [[Drumlanrig Castle]]<ref name="autogenerated2" />
* [[Ecclefechan]] - birthplace o [[Thomas Carlyle]]. "The Arched House" is a tourist attraction an his been mainteent bi the [[National Trust for Scotland]] syne 1936.<ref name="autogenerated2" /> Ecclefechan is locatit at the fit o the lairge Roman fort, [[Burnswark]], that dominates the laundskip wi its flat tap.
* [[Gretna Green]] an the [[Auld Smiddie]], famous for skirt-mairiages<ref name="autogenerated2" />
* [[John Paul Jones Cottage Museum]] - the tradeetional Scots cot what [[John Paul Jones]] in 1747 wis born in<ref>{{cite web |author=David Lockwood |url=http://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/jpjlife.htm |title=John Paul Jones a brief biography |publisher=Jpj.demon.co.uk |date=16 December 2010 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2013-06-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HcxxyXwL?url=http://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/jpjlife.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre]] wis the first [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] centre tae hae been estaiblisht in the West. It is a centre within the [[Karma Kagyu]] tradeetion o Tibetan Buddhism. It is in the veelage o [[Eskdalemuir]] in the Scots Soothren Uplands<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samyeling.org/ |title=Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre |publisher=Samyeling.org |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref>
* [[Lochmaben]] wi its lochs popular wi boaters an an aw its history wi Robert the Bruce.
* [[Mabie Forest]] - popular destinations for outdoor recreation suc as muntain biking an walkin
* [[Moffat]] an the views nearby o the [[Devil's Beef Tub]], the [[Grey Mare's Tail]] watterfaw, an the [[A708 road]] fae Moffat past the Grey Mare's Tail tae [[St Mary's Loch]]
* [[Minnyhive]] conservation veelage
* [[New Abbey]] Corn Mill Museum an [[Sweetheart Abbey]]<ref name="autogenerated2" />
* [[Solway Coast]]
* [[Threave Castle]] in [[Castle Douglas]], hame til the [[Clan Douglas|Douglas Clan]] o [[James Douglas, Laird o Douglas]] that fechtit wi [[Robert the Bruce]]<ref name="autogenerated2" />
* [[Twynholm]] an the [[David Coulthard]] Museum<ref name="autogenerated2" />
* [[Wanlockheid]] - Breetain's heichest veelage registert at 1,531 fit abuin sea level an the [[Lead Mining Museum]]<ref name="autogenerated2" />

==Ither places name't Dumfries==
===Canadae===

* [[Dumfries, New Brunswick]]
* [[South Dumfries Township, Ontario]]
* [[North Dumfries, Ontario]]

===USA===

* [[Dumfries, Virginia]] in the US wis estaiblisht formal on land at the heid o the herbour o Quantico Creek, providit bi John Graham. He name't the toun efter his birthplace, Dumfries in Scotland
* [[Dumfries, Minnesota]]
* [[Dumfries, Iowa]]

===Ither===

* [[Dumfries, Bahamas|Dumfries]], [[Cat Island]],  [[Bahamas]]<ref name=maphill1>[http://www.maphill.com/bahamas/cat-island/dumfries/ "Dumfries Maps" Maphill.com]</ref>
* [[Dumfries, Grenada|Dumfries]], [[Carriacou]], [[Grenada]]<ref name="maphill2">[http://www.maphill.com/grenada/carriacou/dumfries/ "Dumfries Maps" maphillcom]</ref>

==Twin touns==

{{flagicon|US}} &ndash; [[Annapolis, Maryland]],<ref name=moyer>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2007-07-06/news/0707060194_1_annapolis-city-council-moyer |title="Moyer to travel to Annapolis' sister cities in Europe" |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805222046/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2007-07-06/news/0707060194_1_annapolis-city-council-moyer |url-status=dead }}</ref> is hame til the [[United States Naval Academy]] whaur John Paul Jones lies in the crypt aneath the chaipel.

{{flagicon|DE}} &ndash; [[Gifhorn]],<ref name=Gifhorn>[https://www.stadt-gifhorn.de/sv_gifhorn/Lebenswert/Partnerst%C3%A4dte/Dumfries/ "Stadt Giforn"]</ref> Germany

{{flagicon|ITA}} &ndash; [[Cantù]], [[Italy]]. Dumfries an Galloway Cooncil hisna been involved in ony offeecial twinnin link atween the twa touns for some time. The bond his been mainteened throu the Freends o Cantu an the Nithsdale Twinnin Association.<ref name=cantu>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/italian-connection-to-dumfries-2609425 Italian connection to Dumfries]</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Commons category|Dumfries}}
* https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/james-norie-senior James Norie Senior
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180514062633/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/ Dumfries an Galloway Cooncil Wsbsteid]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091123153243/http://www.loreburne.co.uk/ www.loreburne.co.uk A Guide tae.....Dumfries]
* [http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ Dumfries and Galloway Museums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222132412/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ |date=2020-02-22 }}
* [http://ssa.nls.uk/search.cfm?search_sort_order=Film.dateRelease%2CFilm.name&search_sort_direction=ASC&search_term=dumfries&search_fields=2&search_join_type=AND&search_fuzzy=yes&videos_only=1&search_mode=Advanced&submit=Search+%3E%3E%3E National Leebrary o Scotland: Scots Screen Archaee]—selection of archaee picturs aboot Dumfries
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095611/http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/digital_volumes/book.php?book_id=555&place_id=10&p_name=Dumfriesshire Dumfries Ceevil Pairish Historical Tax Rolls in Dumfriesshire]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBQjqwiCgNk&t=46s Video footage an history o Dumfries railwey station]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUbEum2bCwM Video and history of the Burns Mausoleum, Dumfries.]
* [https://www.visitscotland.com/destinations-maps/dumfries/see-do/ Things Tae See an Dae & Attractions in Dumfries]
*[https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184943 https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archaee/104184943]
*https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Charles_Altamont_Doyle
*https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200362756-79-high-street-county-hotel-nith-ward
* {{en}} [https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Dumfries Dumfries at Wikivoyage]

[[Category:Touns in Dumfries an Gallowa]]
[[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}
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